World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -27

World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -27

World Literature on Medicinal Plants Quoted/Consulted/Modified/Improved/Discussed/Used/Corrected in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database.

For details please visit http://www.pankajoudhia.com




Krentz, A.J., Bailey, C.J., 2005. Oral antidiabetic agents: current role in type 2
diabetes mellitus. Drugs 65, 385–411.
Lenhard, J.M., Croom, D.K., Minnick, D.T., 2004. Reduced serum dipeptidyl
peptidase-IV after metformin and pioglitazone treatments. Biochem.
Biophys. Res. Commun. 324, 92–97.
Lindsay, J.R., Duffy, N.A., McKillop, A.M., Ardill, J., O'Harte, F.P.M., Flatt, P.R.,
Bell, P.M., 2005. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity by oral
metformin in type 2 diabetes. Diabet. Med. 22, 654–657.
Mannucci, E., Ognibene, A., Cremasco, F., Bardini, G., Mencucci, A., Pierazzuoli,
E., Ciani, S., Messeri, G., Rotella, C.M., 2001. Effect of metformin on
glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and leptin levels in obese nondiabetic
subjects. Diabetes Care 24, 489–494.
Mari, A., Gastaldelli, A., Foley, J.E., Pratley, R.E., Ferrannini, E., 2005. Beta-cell
function in mild type 2 diabetic patients: effects of 6-month glucose lowering
with nateglinide. Diabetes Care 28, 1132–1138.
McClenaghan, N.H., Barnett, C.R., Ah-Sing, E., Abdel-Wahab, Y.H., O'Harte,
F.P.M., Yoon, T.W., Swanston-Flatt, S.K., Flatt, P.R., 1996. Characterization
of a novel glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cell line, BRIN-BD11,
produced by electrofusion. Diabetes 45, 1132–1140.
McClenaghan, N.H., Flatt, P.R., Ball, A.J., 2006. GLP-1 augments KATP
channel-dependent and independent effects of glucose, sulphonylureas and
nateglinide. J. Endocrinol. 190, 889–896.
McKillop, A.M., Duffy, N.A., Lindsay, J.R., Green, B.D., O'Harte, F.P.M.,
Bell, P.M., Flatt, P.R., 2006. Insulinotropic actions of nateglinide are
accompanied by inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity. Diabetologia 49 (Suppl 1), 482.
Mentlein, R., 2005. Therapeutic assessment of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists
compared with dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors as potential antidiabetic
drugs. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 14, 57–64.
Ramshur, E.B., Rull, T.R., Wice, B.M., 2002. Novel insulin/GIP co-producing
cells provide unexpected insights into gut K-cell function in vivo. J. Cell.
Physiol. 192, 339-250.
Reimann, F., Gribble, F.M., 2002. Glucose-sensing in glucagon-like peptide-1-
secreting cells. Diabetes 51, 2757–2763.
Stevens, J.F., 1971. Determination of glucose by an automatic analyser. Clin.
Chim. Acta 32, 199–201.
Suga, S., Kanno, T., Ogawa, Y., Takeo, T., Kamimura, N., Wakui, M., 2000.
cAMP-independent decrease of ATP-sensitive K+ channel activity by GLP-
1 in rat pancreatic beta-cells. Pflugers Arch. 440, 566–572.
Yasuda, N., Inoue, T., Nagakura, T., Yamazaki, K., Kira, K., Saeki, T., Tanaka,
I., 2002. Enhanced secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 by biguanide
compounds. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 298, 779–784.
[1] Umar A, Ahmed QU, Muhammad BY, Dogarai BB, Soad SZ.
Anti-hyperglycemic activity of the leaves of Tetracera scandens
Linn. Merr. (Dilleniaceae) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J
Ethnopharmacol 2010; 131(1): 140-145.
[2] Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence
of diabetes, estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030.
Diabetes Care 2004; 27(5): 1047-1053.
[3] Aslan M, Orhan N, Orhan DD, Ergun F. Hypoglycemic activity and
antioxidant potential of some medicinal plants traditionally used
in Turkey for diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 128(2): 384-389.
[4] Chunga IM, Kima EH, Yeoa MA, Kima SJ, Seob MC, Moonc HI.
Antidiabetic effects of three Korean sorghum phenolic extracts
in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Res Int
2011; 44(1): 127-132.
[5] Hemalatha S, Wahi AK, Singh PN, Chansouria JPN. Anticonvulsant
and free radical scavenging activity of Hybanthus enneaspermus:
A preliminary screening. Ind J Traditional Knowledge 2003; 2(4):
383-388.
[6] Weniger B, Lagnika L, Vonthron-Sénécheau C, Adjobimey T,
Gbenou J, Moudachirou M, et al. Evaluation of ethnobotanically
selected Benin medicinal plants for their in vitro antiplasmodial
activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 90(2): 279-284.
[7] Das S, Dash SK, Padhy SN. Ethnobotanical information from
Orissa state, India. A Review. J Hum Ecol 2004; 14: 165-227.
[8] Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian medicinal plants. 2nd ed. Delhi:
Periodical Experts Book Agency; 1991.
[9] Tripathy S, Sahoo SP, Pradhan D, Sahoo S, Satapathy DK.
Evaluation of anti arthritic potential of Hybanthus enneaspermus.
Afr J Pharm Pharacol 2009; 3(12): 611-614.
[10] Khandelwal KR. Practical pharmacognosy techniques and
experiments. 17th ed. Pune: Nirali prakashan; 2007, p. 149-156.
[11] Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods. London: Chapman & Hall;
1998.
[12] Zovko Končić M, Kremer D, Gruz J, Strnad M, Biševac G, Kosalec
I, et al. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Moltkia
petraea (Tratt.) Griseb. flower, leaf and stem infusions. Food Chem
Toxicol 2010; 48(6): 1537-1542.
[13] Kumaran A, Karunakaran RJ. Antioxidant and free radical
scavenging activity of an aqueous extract of Coleus aromaticus.
Food Chem 2006; 97(1): 109-114.
[14] Verhagen H, Aruoma OI, Van Delft JH, Dragsted LO, Ferguson
LR, Knasmüller S, et al. The 10 basic requirements for a scientific
paper reporting antioxidant, antimutagenic or anticarcinogenic
potential of test substances in in vitro experiments and animal
studies in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41(5): 603-610.
[15] Shen Q, Zhang B, Xu R, Wang Y, Ding X, Li P. Antioxidant activity
in vitro of the selenium-contained protein from the Se-enriched
Bifidobacterium animalis 01. Anaerobe 2010; 16(4): 380-386.
[16] Ebrahimzadeh MA, Pourmorad F, Hafezi S. Antioxidant activities
of Iranian corn silk. Turk J Biol 2008; 32: 43-49.
[17] Jayaprakasha GK, Jaganmohan RL, Sakariah KK. Antioxidant
activities of flavidin in different in vitro model systems. Bioorg
Med Chem 2004; 12(19): 5141-5146.
[18] Srinivasan R, Chandrasekar MJN, Nanjan MJ, Suresh B.
Antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia digyna root. J Ethnopharmacol
2007; 113(3): 284-291.
[19] Kannan RRR, Arumugam R, Anantharaman P. In vitro antioxidant
activities of ethanol extract from Enhalus acoroides (L.F.) Royle.
Asian Pac J Trop Med 2010; 3(11): 898-901.
[20] Yildirim A, Mavi A, Kara A. Determination of antioxidant and
antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts. J Agricult
Food Chem 2001; 49(8): 4083-4089.
[21] Salahuddin M, Jalalpure SS. Antidiabetic activity of aqueous fruit
extract of Cucumis trigonus Roxb. in streptozotocin-induceddiabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127(2): 565-567.
[22] Liu H, Liu X, Lee J, Liu Y, Yang H, Wang G, et al. Insulin therapy
restores impaired function and expression of P-glycoprotein in
blood-brain barrier of experimental diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol
2008; 75(8): 1649-1658.
[23] Hemalatha S, Sachdeva N, Wahi AK, Singh PN, Chansouria JPN.
Effect of aqueous extract of fruits of Withania coagulans on
glucose utilization by rat hemidiaphragm. Ind J Nat Prod 2005;
21: 20-21.
[24] Singh SK, Kesari AN, Gupta RK, Jaiswal D, Watal G. Assessment
of antidiabetic potential of Cynodon dactylon extract in
streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 114(2):
174-179.
[25] Sridhar SB, Sheetal UD, Pai MRSM, Shastri MS. Preclinical
evaluation of the antidiabetic effect of Eugenia jambolana seed
powder in streptozotocindiabetic rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2005;
38(3): 463-468.
[26] Szkudelski T. The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action
in B cells of the rat pancreas. Physiol Res 2001; 50(6): 537-546.
[27] Imran M, Khan H, Shah M, Khan R, Khan F. Chemical composition
and antioxidant activity of certain Morus species. J Zhejiang
Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) 2010; 11(12): 973-980.
[28] Kumaran A, Karunakaran J. In vitro antioxidant activities of
methanol extracts of 420 five Phyllanthus species from India. LWT
2006; 40: 344-352.
[29] Singha R, Singhb S, Kumarb S, Aroraa S. Evaluation of antioxidant
potential of ethyl acetate extract/fractions of Acacia auriculiformis
A. Cunn. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45(7): 1216-1223.
[30] Koncić MZ, Kremer D, Gruz J, Strnad M, Bisevac G, Kosalec I, et
al. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Moltkia petraea
(Tratt.) Griseb. flower, leaf and stem infusions. Food Chem Toxicol
2010; 48(6): 1537-1542.
[31] Halliwell B. Reactive oxygen species in living systems: source,
biochemistry, and role in human disease. Am J Med 1991; 91(3):
14-22.
[32] Nakayama T. Suppression of hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity
by polyphenols. Cancer Res 1994; 54(7): 1991-1993.
[33] Chika A, Bello SO. Antihyperglycaemic activity of aqueous leaf
extract of Combretum micranthum (Combretaceae) in normal and
alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 129(1):
34-37.
[34] Suba V, Murugesan T, Rao RB, Ghosh L, Pal M, Mandal SC, et
al. Antidiabetic potential of Barleria lupulina extract in rats.
Fitoterapia 2004; 75(1): 1-4.
[35] Gülçin I, Elmastaş M, Aboul-Enein HY. Determination of
antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of basil (Ocimum
basilicum L. Family Lamiaceae) assayed by different
methodologies. Phytother Res 2007; 21(4): 354-361.
[36] Jing LJ, Mohamed M, Rahmat A, Bakar MFA. Phytochemicals,
antioxidant properties and anticancer investigations of the
different parts of several gingers species (Boesenbergia rotunda,
Boesenbergia pulchella var attenuata and Boesenbergia
armeniaca). J Med Plants Res 2010; 4(1): 27-32.
[37] Shukla S, Mehta A, John J, Singh S, Mehta P, Vyas SP. Antioxidant
activity and total phenolic content of ethanolic extract of
Caesalpinia bonducella seeds. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47(8):
1848-1851.
[38] Viswanatha GLS, Vaidya SK, Ramesh C, Krishnadas N, Rangappa
S. Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of bark extract of
Terminalia arjuna. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2010; 3(12): 965-970.
[39] Kumar BSA, Lakshman K, Jayaveera KN, Shekar DS, Kumar AA,
Manoj B. Anitoxidant and antipyretic properties of methanolic
extract of Amaranthus spinosus leaves. Asian Pac J Trop Med
2010; 3(9): 702-706.
BAILEY CJ, NATTRASS M 1998: Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: treatment with metformin. In:
NATTRASS M, HALE PJ: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Baillière-Tindall, London, pp. 455-476.
DE SMET PA 1997: The Role of Plant-Derived Drugs and Herbal Medicines in Healthcare. Drug 54: 801-840
EVANS JL, GOLDFINE ID, MADDUX BA, GRODSKY GM 2003: Are Oxidative Stress-Activated Signaling
Pathways Mediators of Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Dysfunction? Diabetes 52: 1-8
FEILLET-COUDRAY C, ROCK E, COUDRAY C, GRZELKOWSKA K 1999: Lipid peroxidation and
antioxidant status in experimental diabetes. Clin Chim Acta 284: 31-43.
FUSHIYA S, KISHI Y, HATTORI K, BATKHUU J, TAKANO F, SINGAB AN, OKUYAMA T 1999: Flavonoids
from Cleome droserifolia suppress NO production in activated macrophages in vitro. Planta Med 65: 404-407
GUPTA MP, SOLIS NG, ESPOSITO M, SANCHEZ S 1984: Hypoglycemic activity of Neurolaena lobata (L).
Ethnopharmacology 10: 323-327 
KAKKAR R, MANTHA SV, RADHI J, PRASAD K, KALRA J 1998: Increased oxidative stress in rat liver and
pancreas during progression of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J Clin Sci 94: 623-632
KOSUGY H, KIKUGAVA K 1989: Potential thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in peroxidized lipids. Free
Rad Biol Med 7: 205-207
L. AL-SHAMAONY SM, KHAZRAJI AL, TWAIJI HA 1994: Hypoglycaemic effect of Artemnisia herbaalba II.
Effect of a valuable extract on some blood parameters in diabetic animals. Ethnopharmacology 433: 167-171
MELANDER A 1988: Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: treatment with sulphonylureas. In: NATTRASS,
M, HALE, PJ: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Baillière-Tindall, London, pp. 443-453. 
SANCHEZ-MORENO C, LARRAURI JA, SAURA-CALIXTO F 1998: A procedure to measure the antiradical
efficiency of polyphenols. J Food Sci 76: 270-276
TIWAI AK, MADHUSUDAN RAO J 2002: Diabetes mellitus and multiple therapeutic approaches of
phytochemicals: present status and future prospects. Curr Sci 83: 30-38
ZHANG HY, WANG LF 2002: Theoretical elucidation on structure–antioxidant activity relationships for
indolinonic hydroxylamines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 12: 225–227
WHO Expert Committee: Diabetes Mellitus. 2nd rep. Geneva, World Health Org., 1980 (Tech. Rep. Ser. 646)
1 National Cancer: Annual cancer statistic review 1973-1988.
bethesda, Department of health and human service 1991,
NIH publication No 91-2789
2 Washaw AL, Fernandez-Del Castillo C. Pancreatic carcinoma.
N Engl J 1992; 326: 455-465
3 Hohne MW, Halatsch ME, Kahl GF, Weinel RJ. Frequent loss
of expression of the potential tumor suppressor gene DCC
in ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 1992; 52:
2616-2619
4 Leszczyniecka M, Roberts T, Dent P, Grant S, Fisher PB.
Differentiation therapy of human cancer: Basic science and
clinical application. Pharmacol ther 2001; 90: 105-156
5 Rosewicz S, Stier U, Brembeck F, Kaiser A, Papadimetriou
CA, Berdel WE, Weidenmann B, Reiken EO. Retinoids: Effect
on growth, differentiation, and nuclear receptor expression in
human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Gastroenterology 1995;
109:  1646-1660
6 Rosewicz S, Wollbergs K, Von Lampe B, Matthes H, Kaiser
A, Reiken EO. Retinoids inhibit adhesion to laminin in human
pancreatic carcinoma cells via the α6 β1-integrin receptor.
Gastreoenterology 1997; 112: 532-542
7 Olefsky JM. Treatment of insulin resistance with peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor γ agonists. J Clin Invest 2000;
106: 467-472
8 Braissant O, Foufelle F, Scotto C, Dauca M, Wahli W. Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): Tissue distribution of PPAR alpha, beta and
gamma in adult rats. Endocrinology 1996; 137: 354-366
9 Kliewer SA, Forman BM, Blumberg B, Ong ES, Borgmeyer
U, Mangelsdorf DJ, Umesono K, Evans RM. Differential expression and activation of a family of murine peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptors. Pro Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;
91:  7355-7359
10 Roberts-Thomson SJ. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in tumorigenesis: Targets of tumor promotion and
treatment. Immunol Cell Biol 2000; 78: 436-441
11 Tontonoz P, Hu E, Spigelman BM. Regulation of adipocyte
gene expression and differentiation by peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma. Curr Opin Gene Dev 1995; 5: 571-576
12 Tontonoz P, Hu E, Spigelman BM. Stimulation of adipogenesis in fibroblast by PPAR gamma 2, a lipid activated transcription factor. Cell 1994; 79: 1147-1156
13 Reginato MJ, Bailey ST, Krakow SL, Minami C, Ishii S, Tanaka
H, Lazar MA. A potent antidiabetic thiazolidinedione with
unique peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-activating properties. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 32679-32684
14 Juge-Aubry C, Pernin A, Favez T, Burger AG, Wahli W, Meier
CA, Desvergne B. DNA binding properties of peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor subtypes on various natural
peroxisome proliferator response elements. J Biol Chem 1997;
272:  25252-25259
15 Pignatelli M, Cortes-Cantelli M, Lai C, Santos A, PerezCastillo A. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
is an inhibitor of ErbBs activity in human breast cancer cells.
J Cell Sci 2001; 114(Pt 22): 4117-4126
16 Kubota T, Koshizuka K, Williamson EA, Asou H, Said JW,
Holden S, Miyoshi I, Koeffler HP. Ligand for peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor γ (Troglitazone) has potent
antotumor effect against human prostate cancer both in vitro
and in vivo. Cancer Res 1998; 58: 3344-3352
17 Tsujie M, Nakamori S, Okami J, Hayashi N, Hiraoka N,
Nagano H, Dono K, Umeshita K, Sakon M, Monden M.
Thiazolidinediones inhibit growth of gastrointestinal, biliary,
and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells trough activation of the
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/retinoid X receptor α parhway. Exp Cell Res 2003; 289: 143-151
18 Brockman JA,  Gupta RA, Du Bois RN. Activation of
PPARgamma leads to inhibition of anchorage independent
growth of human colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 115:
1049-1055
19 Elstner E, Muller C, Koshizuka K, Williamson EA, Park D,
Asou H, Shintaku P, Said JW, Haber D, Koeffler HP. Ligands
for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g and retinoid
acid receptor inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of human
breath cancer cells in vitro and in BNX mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci
USA 1998; 95: 8806-8811
20 Sarraf P, Mueller E, Jones D, King FJ, DeAngelo DJ, Partridge
JB. Differentiation and reversal of malignant changes in colon
cancer through PPARγ. Nat Med 1998; 4: 1046-1052
21 Kroll TG,  Sarraf P, Pecciarini L, Chen CJ, Mueller E,
Spiegelman B, Fletcher JA. PAX8-PPARγ1 fusion oncogene in
human thyroid carcinoma. Science 2000; 289: 1357-1360
22 Sarraf P, Mueller E, Smith WM, Wright HM, Kum JB, Aaltonen
LA. Loss-of-function mutations in PPAR gamma associated
with human colon cancer. Mol Cell 1999; 3: 799-804
23 Motomura W, Okumura T, Takahashi N, Obara T, Kohgo Y.
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor  γ
by troglitazone inhibits cells growth through the increase of
p27 in human pancreatic carcinoma cell. Cancer Res 2000; 60:
5558-5564
24 Kawa S, Nikaido T, Unno H, Usuda N, Nakayama K, Kiyosawa
K. Growth inhibition and differentiation of pancreatic cancer
cell lines by PPARγ ligand troglitazone. Pancreas 2002; 1: 1-7
25 Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970; 227:
680-682
26 Andrews NC, Faller DV. A rapid micropreparation technique
for extraction of DNA-binding proteins from limiting numbers of mammalian cells. Nucl Acids Res 1991; 19: 2499
27 Invernizzi P, Battezzati PM, Crosignani A, Zermiani P,
Bignotto M, Del Papa N, Zuin M, Podda M. Antibody to
carbonic anhydrase II is present in primary biliary cirrhosis
(PBC) irrespective of antimitochondrial antibody status. Clin
Exp Immunol 1998;  114: 448-454
28 Chomczynski P, Sacchi E. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform
extraction. Anal Biochem 1987; 162: 156-159
29 Casini A, Pinzani M, Milani S, Grappone C, Galli G, Jezequel
AM, Schuppan D, Rotella CM, Surrenti C. Regulation of extracellular matrix synthesis by transforming growth factor β1
in human fat-storing cells. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 245-253
30 Galli A, Stewart M, Dorris R, Crabb D. High-level expression
of RXRa and the presence of endogenous ligands contribute
to expression of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-responsive gene in hepatoma cells. Ach Biochem Biophys
1998;  358:  288-298
31 Camp HS, Li O, Wise SC, Hong YH, Frankowski CL, Shen X,
Vambogelen R, Leff T. Differential activation of peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor-γ by troglitazone and rosiglitazone.
Diabetes 1999; 49: 539-547
32 de Wet JR, Wood KV, DeLuca M, Helinski DR, Subramani S.
Firefly luciferase gene: Structure and expression in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol 1987; 7: 725-737
33 Crabb DW, Dixon JE. A method for increasing the sensitivity
of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay in extracts of transfected cultured cells. Anal Biochem 1987; 163: 88-92
34 Galli A, Price D, Crabb D. High-level expression of rat class
I alcohol dehydrogenase is sufficient for for ethanol-induced
fat accumulation in transduced HeLa cells. Hepatology 1999;
29:  1164-1170
35 Schussler MH, Skoudy A, Ramaekers FCS, Real FX. Intermediate filaments as differentiation markers of normal pancreas and pancreas cancer. Am J Pathol 1992; 140: 559-568
36 Berge K, Tronstand KJ, Flindt EN, Rasmussen TH, Madsen
L, Kristiansen K, Berge RK. Tetradecylthioacetic acid inhibits
growth of rat glioma cells ex vivo and in vivo via PPARγ-
dependent and PPARγ-independent pathways. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22: 1745-1755
37 Palakurthi SS, Aktas H, Grubissich LM, Mortensen RM,
Halperin JA. Anticancer effects of thiazolidinediones are independent of peroxisome proliferatror-activated receptor  γ
and mediated by inhibition of translation initiation. Cancer Res
2001;  61:  6213-6218
38 Abe A, Kiriyama Y, Hirano M, Miura T, Kamiya H, Harashima
H, Tokumitsu Y. Troglitazone suppresses cell growth of
KU812 cells independently of PPARγ. Eur J Pharmacol 2002;
436:  7-13
39 Inoue I, Katayama S, Takahashi K, Negishi K, Miyazaki T,
Sonoda M, Komoda T. Troglitazone has a scavenging effect
on reactive oxygen species. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997;
235:  113-116
40 Zhu L, Gong B, Bisgaier CL, Aviram M, Newton RS. Induction of PPARγ1 expression in human THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells by 9-cis-retinoic acid is associated with cellular growth
suppression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 251: 842-848
41 King KL, Cidlowski JA. Cell cycle regulation and apoptosis.
Ann Rev Physiol 1998; 60: 601-617
42 Gao CY, Zelenka PS. Cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases and
differentiation. BioEssays 1997; 19: 307-315
43 Ungefroren H, Voss M, Jansen M, Henne-Bruns D, Kremer B,
Kalthoff H. Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma express Fas
and Fas ligand yet are resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis.
Cancer Res 1998; 58: 1741-1749
44 Raitano AB, Scudieri P, Korc M. Binding and biological effect
of tumor necrosis factor and gamma interferon in human
pancreatic carcinoma cell. Pancreas 1990; 5: 267-277
45 Yip-Schneider MT, Sweeney CJ, Jung SH, Crowell PL,
Marshall MS. Cell cycle effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and enhanced growth inhibition in combination
with gentamicin in pancreatic carcinoma cells. JPET 2001;
298: 976-985
46 Lehmann JM, Lenhard JM, Oliver BB, Ringold GM, Kliewer
SA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ are
activated by indomethacin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 3406-3410
47 Wick M, Hurteau G, Dessev C, Chan D, Geraci MW, Winn
RA, Heasley LE, Nemenoff RA. Peroxisome proliferator
activated receptor-γ is a target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs mediating cyclooxygenase-independent inhibition of lung cancer cell growth. Mol Pharmacol 2002; 62:
1207-1214
48 Eibl G,  Wente MN, Reber HA, Hines OJ. Peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor γ induces pancreatic cancer cell
apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 287: 522-529
49 Li L, Tao J, Davaille J, Feral C, Mallat A, Rieusset J, Vidal H,
Lotersztajn S. 15-deoxy prostaglandin J2 induces apoptosis
of human hepatic myofibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2001;  276:
38152-38158
50 Clay CE, Monjazeb A, Thorburn J, Chilton FH, High KP. 15-
deoxy-D12-14
-prostaglanding J2-induced apoptosis does not
require PPARg in breast cancer cells. J Lipid Res 2002; 43:
1818-1828
51 Deriny SE,  O’Brien MJ, Christensen TG, Kupchik HZ.
Ultrastructoral differentiation and CEA expression of butyrate-treated human pancreatic carcinoma cells. Pancreas
1987;  2: 25-33
52 Chang TH, Szabo E. Induction of differentiation and apoptosis
by ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in
non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 1129-1138
1. PANDA S, KAR S (1999) Withania somnifera and
Bauhinia purpurea in the regulation of circulating
thyroid hormone concentrations in female mice. J
Ethnopharmacol 67: 233-239
2. VIANA EP, SANTA-ROSA RS, ALMEIDA SSMS,
SANTOS LS (1999) Constituents of the stem bark of
Bauhinia guianensis. Fitoterapia 70: 111-112
3. SILVA GA, ARAÚJO LCL, OGA S, AKISUE G
(1997) Estudo toxicológico e farmacológico dos
extratos fluídos de Cissus sicyoides L. Rev Bras
Farmacogn 5: 143-155
4. BELTRAME FL, SARTORETTO JL, BAZOTTE RB,
CUMAN RN, CORTEZ DAG (2001): Evaluation of the
antidiabetic potential of Cissus sicyoides L. (Vitaceae).
Quím Nova 24: 783-785
5. PEPATO MT, BAVIERA AM, VENDRAMINI RC,
PÉREZ MPMS, KETTELHUT IC, BRUNETTI IL.
(2003) Cissus sicyoides (princess vine) in the longterm treatment of streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
Biotechnol Appl Biochem 37: 15-20
6. PEPATO MT, KELLER EH, BAVIERA AM,
KETTELHUT IC, VENDRAMINI RC, BRUNETTI
I.L. (2002) Anti-diabetic activity of Bauhinia forficata
decoction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J
Ethnopharmacol 81: 191-197
7. WOLFF SP, DEAN RT (1987) Glucose autoxidation
and protein modification. The potential role of
‘autoxidative glycosylation’ in diabetes. Biochem J
245: 243-250
8. BROWNLEE M (2001): Biochemistry and molecular
cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 414:
813-820
9. COPPEY LJ, GELLETT JS, DAVIDSON EP, YOREK
MA (2003)
.
 Preventing superoxide formation in
epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve from diabetic
rats restores endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Free
Radic Res 37: 33-40
10. MARTIN-GALLAN P, CARRASCOSA A, GUSSINYE
M, DOMÍNGUEZ C (2003) Biomarkers of diabetesassociated oxidative stress and antioxidant status in
young diabetic patients with or without subclinical
complications. Free Radic Biol Med 34: 1563 -1574
11. JANBAZ KH, SAEED SA, GILANI AH (2002)
Protective effect of rutin on paracetamol- and CCl4-
induced hepatotoxicity in rodents. Fitoterapia 73: 557-
563
12. PIZZOLATTI MG, CUNHA JA, SZPOGANICZ B, DE
SOUZA E, BRAZ-FILHO R, SCHRIPSEMA J (2003)
Flavonóides Glicosilados das Folhas e Flores de
Bauhinia forficata (Leguminosae) Química Nova 26:
466-469
13. URQUIAGA I, LEIGHTON F (2000) Plant polyphenol
antioxidants and oxidative stress. Biol Res 33: 55-64
14. HALLIWELL B, AESCHBACH R, LÖLIGER J,
ARUOMA OI (1995) The characterization of
antioxidants. Food Chem Toxicol 33: 601-617
15. HAMPTON MB, KETTLE AI, WINTERBOURN CC
(1998) Inside the neutrophil phagosome: oxidants,
myeloperoxidase, and bacterial killing. Blood 92:
3007-3017
16. ZALBA G (2005) NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative
stress: genetic studies of the p22(phox) gene in
hypertension. Antioxid. Redox Signal 7: 1327-1336
17. HEINECKE JW (1997) Mechanisms of oxidative
damage of low density lipoprotein in human
atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 8: 268-274
18. DAUGHERTY A, RATERI DL, DUNN JL,
HEINECKE JW (1994) Myeloperoxidase, a catalyst for
lipoprotein oxidation, is expressed in human
atherosclerotic lesions. J Clin Invest 94: 437-444
19. ZHANG R, BRENNAN ML, FU X, AVILES RJ,
PEARCE GL, PENN MS, TOPOL EJ, SPRECHER DL,
HAZEN SL (2001) Association between
myeloperoxidase levels and risk of coronary artery
disease. JAMA 286: 2136-2142
20. RE R, PELLEGRINI N, PROTEGGENTE A,
PANNALA A, YANG M, RICE-EVANS C (1999)
Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS
radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol
Med 26: 1231-1237
21. KAKKAR P, DAS B, VISWANATHAN PN (1984) A
modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide
dismutase. Indian J Biochem Biophys 21: 130-132
22. NISHIOKA T, MAKI K, KIMURA M, TAKAHAMA
U (2003) Determination of salivary peroxidase activity
in human mixed whole saliva. Arch Oral Biol 48: 397-
400
23. ARNAO MB, CANO A, ACOSTA M (1999): Methods
to measure the antioxidant activity in plant material. A
comparative discussion. Free Radic Res 31: S89-S96
24. GHISELLI A, SERAFINI M, NATELLA F,
SCACCINI C (2000) Total antioxidant capacity as a
tool to assess redox status: critical view and
experimental data. Free Radic Biol Med 29: 1106-1014
25. JOHNSTON JW, DUSSERT S, GALE S,
NADARAJAN J, HARDING K, BENSON EE (2006)
Optimization of the azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-
6-sulphonic acid radical scavenging assay for
physiological studies of total antioxidant activity in
woody plant germplasm. Plant Physiol Biochem 44:
193-201
26. STINEFELT B, LEONARD SS, BLEMINGS KP, SHI
K, KLANDORF H (2005) Free radical scavenging,
DNA protection, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation
mediated by uric acid. Ann Clin Lab Sci 35: 37-45
27. REGASINI LO, VELLOSA JC, SILVA DH, FURLAN
M, DE OLIVEIRA OM, KHALIL NM, BRUNETTI IL,
YOUNG MC, BARREIRO EJ, BOLZANI VS (2008)
Phytochemistry. 69: 1739-44
28. DROGE W (2002) Free radicals in the physiological
control of cell function. Physiol Rev 82: 47-95
29. SABU MC, KUTTAN R (2002) Anti-diabetic activity
of medicinal plants and its relationship with their
antioxidant property. J Ethnopharmacol 81: 155-160
1. Stermitz FR, Lorenz P, Tawara JN, Zenewica LA,
Lewis K. Synergy in a medicinal plant:
antimicrobial action of berberine potentiated by 5’-
methoxyhydrocarpin a multidrug pump inhibitor.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;97:1433-1437.
2. Amin AH, Subbaiah TV, Abbasi KM. Berberine
sulfate: antimicrobial activity, bioassay and mode of
action. Can J Microbiol 1969;15:1067-1076.
3. Mahajan, VM, Sharma A, Rattan A. Antimycotic
activity of berberine sulphate: an alkaloid from an
Indian medicinal herb. Sabouraudia 1982;20:79-81.
4. Subbaiah TV, Amin AH. Effect of berberine sulfate
on Entamoeba histolytica. Nature 1967;215:527-528.
5. Gudima SO, Memelova LV, Borodulin VB. Kinetic
analysis of interaction of human immunodeficiency
virus reverse transcriptase with alkaloids. Mol Biol
(Mosk) 1994;28:1308-1314.
6. Singhal KC. Anthelmintic activity of berberine
hydrochloride in trachoma. Indian J Ophthalmol
1982;30:69-75.
7. Mohan M, Pant CR, Angea SK, Mahajan VM.
Berberine in trachoma. Indian J Ophthalmol
1982;30:69-75.
8. Sabir M, Mahajan VM, Mohapatra LN, Bhide NK.
Experimental study of the antitrachoma action of
berberine. Indian J Med Res 1976;64:1160-1167.
9. Taylor CT, Baird AW. Berberine inhibition of
electrogenic ion transport in rat colon. Br J
Pharmacol 1995;116:2667-2672.
10. Akhter MH, Sabir M, Bhide NK. Possible
mechanism of antidiarrhoeal effect of berberine.
Indian J Med Res 1979;70:233-241.
11. Xu Z, Cao HY, Li Q. Protective effects of berberine
on spontaneous ventricular fibrillation in dogs after
myocardial infarction. Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao
1989;10:320-324.
12. Ckless K, Schlottfeldt J, Pasqual M. Inhibition of in
vitro lymphocyte transformation by the
isoquinoline alkaloid berberine. J Pharm Pharmacol
1995;47:1029-1031.
13. Wu JF, Liu TP. Effects of berberine in platelet
aggregation and plasma levels of TXb2 and 6-ketoPGF1 alpha in rats with reversible middle cerebral
artery occlusion. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1995;30:98-
102.
14. Chan MY. The effects of berberine on bilirubin
excretion in the rat. Comp Med East West
1977;5:161-168.
15. Huang W. The role and mechanism of berberine on
coronary arteries. Chung Hua Hsin Hsueh Kuan
Ping Tsa Chih 1990;18:231-234.
16. Hua Z, Wang XL. Inhibitory effect of berberine on
potassium channels in guinea pig ventricular
mycocytes. Acta Pharm Sinica 1994;29:576-580.
17. Hua WG, Song JM, Liao H. Effect of Huang Lian
Su on nerve conduction velocity and hormone level
to diabetic neuropathy in rats. Labeled
Immunoassays & Clin Med 2001;8:212-214.
18. Guo-Yu Pan, Zhi-Jiang Huang, Guang-Ji Wang. The
antihyperglycaemic activity of berberine arises from
a decrease of glucose absorption. Planta Med
2003;69:632-636.
19. Leng SH, Lu F, Xu LJ. Therapeutic effects of
berberine in impaired glucose tolerance rats and its
influence on insulin secretion. Acta Pharmacol
Sinica 2004;25:496-502.
20. Ghosh MN. Toxicity studies. In: Fundamentals of
experimental pharmacology. Calcutta: Scientific
Book Agency, 1984; pp.153-158.
21. Turner MA. In: Screening methods in
pharmacology. New York: Academic Press, 1965;
p.26.
22. Bonner-Weir S, Dery D, John LL, Gordon CW.
Compensatory growth of pancreatic β cells in adult
rats after short-term glucose infusion. Diabetes
1989;38:49-53.
23. Pellegrino M, Broca C, Gross R, Roye M,
Manteghetti M, Hillaire-Buys D.  Development of
a new model of type 2 diabetes in adult rats
administered with streptozotocin and
nicotinamide. Diabetes1998;47:224-229.
24. Nicholas V. The determination of glycogen in liver
and muscle by use of anthrone reagent. Indian J
Biol Chem 1956;220:583-587.
25. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid
peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid
reaction. Anal Biochem 1979;95:351-358.
26. Brandstrup N, Kirk JE, Bruni C. Determination of
hexokinase in tissues. J Gerontol 1957;12:166-171.
27. Deutsch J. Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase. In:
Bergmeyer Methods of enzymatic analysis, Vol. III,
3
rd
edition. Deerfield Beach, FL: Verlag Chemie,
1983; p. 190.
28. Vassault A. Lactate dehydrogenase. In: Bergmeyer
Methods of enzymatic analysis, Vol. III, 3
rd
edition.
Deerfield Beach, FL: Verlag Chemie, 1983; p. 118.
29. Baginsky ES, Foa PP, Zad B. Glucose 6-
phosphatase. In: Bergmeyer’s Methods in
enzymatic analysis, Vol. 2. New York: Academic
Press, 1974; p. 788-792.
30. Horder M, Rej R. Alanine amino transferase. In:
Bergmeyer Methods of enzymatic analysis, Vol. III,
3
rd
edition. Deerfield Beach, FL: Verlag Chemie,
1983; p. 190.
31. Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, Swanson AB,
Hafeman DG, Hoekstra WG. Selenium
biochemical role as a component of glutathione
peroxide purification and assay. Science
1973;179:588-590.
32. Aebi EH. Catalase. In: Bergmeyer Methods of
enzymatic analysis, Vol. III, 3
rd
edition. Deerfield
Beach, FL: Verlag Chemie, 1983; p. 273.
33. Sinha KA. Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal
Biochem 1972;47:389-394.
34. Putter J, Becker R. Peroxidase. In: Bergmeyer
Methods of enzymatic analysis, Vol. III, 3
rd
edition.
Deerfield Beach, FL: Verlag Chemie, 1983; p. 286.
35. Kakkar P, Dos B, Viswanathan P.N. A modified
spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase.
Ind J Biochem Biophys 1984;21:130-132.
36. Ravin HA. An improved colorimetric assay of
ceruloplasmin. J Labor Clin Med 1961;589:161-
168.
37. Desai LD. Vitamin E analysis methods for animal
tissues. Methods Enzymol 1984;105:138-142.
38. Omaye ST, Turnball JD, Sauberlich HE. Selected
methods for the determination of ascorbic acid in
animal cells, tissues and fluids. In: McCormick DB,
Wright CD, eds. Methods in enzymology, Vol. 62.
New York: Academic Press, 1979; p. 1-11.
39. Lowry OH, Roesborough MJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ.
Protein measurement with Folin- phenol reagent. J
Biol Chem 1951;193:265-275.
40. Mohamed AK, Bierhaus A, Sciekofer S, Tritschler
H, Ziegler H, Nawroth PP. The role of oxidative
stress and NF (B) activation in late diabetic
complications. Biofactors 1999;10:175-179.
41. Donnini D, Zambito AM, Perella G, AmbesiImpiombat O, Curcio F. Glucose may induce cell
death through a free radical mediated mechanism.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996;219:412-417.
42. Baynes JW, Thorpe SR. Role of oxidative stress in
diabetic complications. Diabetes 1999;48:1-9.
43. Ozturk Y, Altan VM, Yildizoglu A. Effect of
experimental diabetes and insulin on smooth
muscle functions. Pharmacol Rev 1996;48:69-112.
44. Swanston-Flat SK, Day C, Bailey CJ, Flatt PR.
Traditional plant treatments for diabetes: studies
in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice.
Diabetologia 1990;33:462-464.
45. Chase PH, Glasgow AM. Juvenile diabetes mellitus
and serum lipids and lipoprotein levels. Am J Dis
Child 1976;130:1113.
46. Nikkila EA, Kekki M. Plasma transport kinetics in
diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 1973;22:1-22.
47. Shirwaikar A, Rajendran K, Punitha ISR.
Antidiabetic activity of alcoholic stem extract of C.
fenestratum in streptozotocin nicotinamide induced
type 2 diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol
2005;97:369-374.
48. Baquer NZ, Gupta D, Raju J. Regulation of
metabolic pathways in liver and kidney during
experimental diabetes: effects of antidiabetic
compounds. Ind J Clin Biochem 1998;13:63-80.
49. Ugochukwu NH, Babady NE. Antihyperglycaemic
effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of
Gongronema latifolium levels of glucose and glycogen
metabolism in liver of normal and STZ induced
diabetic rats. Life Sci 2003;73:1924-1938.
50. Burtis CA, Ashwood ER. Carbohydrate metabolism.
In: Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry, 3
rd
edition.
Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders, 1999; p.594-655.
51. Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Glycolysis and
gluconeogenesis. In: Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer
L, eds. Biochemistry. New York: W.H. Freeman and
Company, 2001; p. 425-464.
52. Ghosh S, Suryawanshi SA. Effect of  Vinca rosea
extracts in treatment of alloxan diabetes in male
albino rats. Ind J Exp Biol 2001;39:748-759.
53. Felig P, Marliss E, Ohman J, Cahill JF. Plasma amino
acid levels in diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes
1970;19:727-730.  
54. Huang X, Vaag A, Hanson M, Weng J, Goop L.
Impaired insulin stimulated expression of the
glycogen synthase gene in skeletal muscle of type 2
diabetic parents is acquired rather than inherited. J
Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:1584-1590.
55. Whitton PP, Hems DA. Glycogen synthesis in
perfused liver of STZ diabetic rats. Biochem J
1975;150:153.
56. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in
biology and medicine. Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1985; p. 1-27.
57. McCord JM, Keele BB, Fridovich I. An enzyme
based theory of obligate anaerobiosis, the
physiological functions of superoxide dismutase.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1976;68:1024-1027.
58. Chance B, Greenstein DS, Roughton RJW. The
mechanism of catalase action – steady state
analysis. Arch Biochem Biophys 1952;37:301-339.
59. Searle AJ, Wilson R. Glutathione peroxide effect of
superoxide, hydroxyl and bromine free radicals on
enzyme activity. Int J Radiat Biol 1980;37:213-217.
60. Meister A. New aspects of glutathione
biochemistry and transport selective alterations of
glutathione metabolism. Nutr Rev 1984;42:397-
410.
61. Nicotera P, Orrenius S. Role of thiols in protection
against biological reactive intermediates. Adv Exp
Med Biol 1986;97:41-49.
62. Anuradha CV, Selvam R. Effect of oral methionine
on tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in
alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Nutr Biochem
1993;4:212-217.
63. Bruce A, Freeman D, James C. Biology of diseasefree radicals and tissue injury. Lab Invest
1982;47:412-426.
64. Matcovis B, Varga SI, Szaluo Witsas H. The effect
of diabetes on the activities of the peroxide
metabolic enzymes. Horm Metab Res 1982;14:77-
79.
65. Kinalski M, Sledziewski A, Telejko B, Zarzycki W,
Kinalska T. Lipid peroxidation and scavenging
enzyme activity in streptozotocin induced
diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2000;37:179-183.
66. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. The antioxidants of
human extracellular fluids. Arch Biochem Biophys
1990;280:1-8.
67. Frei B, England L, Ames BN. Ascorbate is an
outstanding antioxidant in human blood plasma.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986;86:6377-6381.
68. Inefers H, Sies H. The protection by ascorbate and
glutathione against microsomal lipid peroxidation is
dependent on vitamin E. Eur J Biochem
1988;174:353-357.
69. Sajithlal GB, Chitra P, Chandrakasan G. Effect of
curcumin on the advanced glycation and cross
linking of collagen in diabetic rats. Biochem
Pharmacol 1998;56:1607-1614.
1) World Health Organization., WHO Study Group
of Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus, WHO Tech
Ser, 1994, 844, 11.
2) Siddharth NS., Containing the global epidemic
of diabetes, J. Diabetol., 2001, 3, 11.
3) Holman   R.R,   Turner   R.C.,   Oral   agents   and
insulin in the treatment of NIDDM, In. J. Pickup
and G. Williams, Editors, Text Book of
Diabetes, Blackwell, Oxford, 1991, 467-469.
4) The wealth of India., Publication and
Information directorate (CSIR), New Delhi,
1995, 223-275
5) Satyanarayana T., Sarita T., Balaji M., Ramesh
A., Boini M.K., Anti-hyperglycemic and
hypoglycemic effects of Thespesia Populnea
fruits in normal and all oxan-induced diabetes in
rabbits, Saudi pharmaceutical journal, 2004, 12,
107-111.
6) Sheetal anandjiwala., MS Basnl., M Parabia., M
Rajani., Evaluation of free radical scavenging
activity of an ayurvedic formulation,
Panchvalkala, Indian journal of pharm.sciences,
2008, Nov.91, 70, 31-5
7) Illavarasan R., Vasudevan M., Anbazhagan S.,
Venkataraman S., Antioxidant activity of
Thespesia Populnea bark extracts against carbon
tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats, J.
Ethanopharmacology, 2003, Aug 87 (2-3), 227-
230.
8) Ilavarasan, R., Vasudevan, M., Anbazhagan S.,
Venkataraman S., Sridher, S.K.,
Hepatoprotective activity of Thespesia Populnea
bark extracts against carbon tetrachlorideinduced liver injury in rats, Natural Product
Sciences, 2003; 9, 83-86.
9) Shirwaikar A., Kumar A.V., Krishnanand B.R.,
Sreenivasan K.K., Chemical investigation and
antiheptotoxic activity of Thespesia Populnea,
International journal of Pharmcognosy, 1995, 33,
305-310.
10) Manivasudevan M., Kumar Kishore Gunman,
Milind Parle., Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects of Thespesia populnea bark
extract. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2007,
109, 264-270.
11) Vasudevan M., Parle M., Pharmacological action
of Thespesia Populnea relevant to Alzheimer
disease, Phytomedicine, 2006, Nov., 13 (9-10),
677-87.
12) Akila A., Rani K., Biosynthesis of gossypol in
Thespesia Populnea. Phytochemistry, 1993, 335-
340.
13) Ghosh K., Bhattacharya T.K., Preliminary study
on the anti-implantation activity of compounds
from the extract of seeds of Thespesia Populnea,
Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2004, 36, 335-
340.
14) Murthy R.S.R., Basu D.K., Murti V.V.S.,
Antifertility activity of (+) gossypol, Current
Sciences, 1981; 50: 64-66.
15) Qian S., Wang Z., Gossypol a potential
antifertility agent for males, Annual review of
pharmacology Toxicological, 1984, 85,329-360.
16) Johnson J.I., Gandhidasan R., Murugesan R.,
Cytotoxicity and superoxide anion generation by
some naturally occurring quinines, Free radical
biology and medicines, 1999, 26, 1072-1078.
17) Daniel M., Medicinal plants-Chemistry and
Properties, Science publishers, 2006, 184.
18) Rastogi RP., Mehrotra BN., Compendium of
indian medicinal Plants, Lucknow, CDRI; and
New Delhi; Publication and information
Directorate; Vol. 5; 1979, 846.
19) Trease GE., Evans WC., Pharmcognosy,
Baillliere Tindall Press, London, 1983, 309-706.
20) Brosky G.,Logothetopoulos. J., Streptozotocin
diabetes in the mouse and guinea pig, Diabetes,
1969, 18: 606-611
21) Babu V., Gangadevi T., Subramanian A.,
Antihyperglycemic effect of Cassia keinii leaf
extract in glucose feed normal rats and alloxam
induced diabetic rats, Indian journal of
pharmacology, 2002, 34, 409-415
22) Murugan P., Leelavinothan., Antioxidant effect
of tetrahydrocurcumin in STZ nicotinamide
induced diabetic rats, Life Science, 2006, 79,
1720-1728.
23) Soon YY., Tan BKH., Singapore Medical
Journal, 2002, 43, 77-85.
1. Chidambara,M. K. ; Jayaprakasha,
G.K.and Singh R.P.(2002):Studies on 
antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica
granatum) peel extract using in vivo models
.J. Agric Food Chem 14;50(!7) : 4791
2. Chidambara,M. K. ;Reddy ,V.K.;
Veigas, J.M. and Murthy,U.D. (2004):
Study on   wound healing activity of Punica
granatum peel .J. Med.;7(2):256
3. Dutta, B.k.; Rahman,I and
Das,T.K.(1998) :Antifungal activity of
Indian plant extracts. Mycoses ;41(11-12)
535
4. Gharzouli, K, Khennouf ,S ,Amira S.,
Gharzouli,A (1999): Effects of aqueous
Extracts from quercus ilex L. root bark ,
Punica granatum l.fruit peel and Artemisia
herba asso leaves on ethanol  –induced
gastric damage in rats. Phytother Res;13
(1): 42
5. Goth, M. D. (1985):  Medical
Pharmacology,9
th
Ed. Mosby. Saint Louis
p.471. In contrast to the oral antidiabetic
agents, the exogenous administration of
insulin is well known to produce hypoglycaemia in both normal and alloxan
induced subjects.
6. Gracious,R.R.,Selvasubramanian,S. and
Jayasundar S. (2001): Immunomodulatory
activity of Punica granatum in rabbits  –a
preliminary study.J. Ethnopharma , 78, , l,
85
7. Hallwell,B and Gutteridge,J.(1985):Free
radical in biology and medicine.P.215
8. Kiernan,J.A. (1999): Histological and
histochemical Methods. Theory and
Practice 3
rd
ed P.161.Printed in Great
Britain by the both Press , Somerest.
9. Larner,J.(1985): Insulin and oral
hypocaemic drugs,Glucogon .In: Gilman,
A.O. Goodman ,L, S.,Rall, T.W., Murad,
f.(Eds.).The Pharmacological Basic of
Therapeutics,7
th
Ed. Macmillan, Newyork 
p.1490
10. Machado, T .B.;Leal,I.C.;Claudia,A. 
and Amaral,F.(2002): Antimicrobial
Ellagitannin of Punica granatum fruits:
J.Braz.Chem.Soc.V.13 No.5
11. Mavhjanav,S.M.;Islambekov,S.Y.;Karim
dzhanav,A.L.Ismailov,A.L.(1997):Polyph
enols of pomegranate peels show marked
antitumoer and antiviral action Khim Prir
Soedin, 33:124
12. Morsy, T.A.; Mazyad, S.A. and ElSharkawy(1998): The larvicidal activity of
solvent extracts of three medicinal plants 
against third instar larvae of chrysomyia
albiceps. J. Egypt Soc.Parasitol ; 28(3):699
13. Navarro, V. ; Villarreal, M .l. ; Rojas, G
and Lozoya, X.(1996):  Antimicrobial
Evaluation of  some plants used in Mexican
traditional medicine for the treatment of
infectious diseases .J. Ethnopharma.; 53
(3):143
14. Nogueira,D.G.,Pereira,N.A.,(1984):Activi
ty of Punica grantum L.extract in
Hyperglycemic mice treated with
propranolol. Rev. Bras. Farm.65,46
15. Nogueira,D.G.,Pereira,N.A.,(1986a):Effe
ct of an alcoholic extract from the pericarp
of roma (Punica grantum L.) on insulin
hypoglycaemia mice. Rev. Bras. 
Farm.67,59
16. Nogueira,D.G.,Pereira,N.A.,(1986b):Inhi
bitory action of intestinal absorption of
glucose  of the pericarp  of roma (Punica
grantum L.) Rev. Bras. Farm.67,129
17. Nozire ,O. and Serpil,D.(1993): Valuation
of the pomegranate (Punica granatumL.)
peels from the stand point of pharmacy
.Ankara Ecz.Fak.Derg.,22(1-2),21
18. Paget, G. E. and Barnes, J.M.(1964):"In
toxicity tests" Vol.(1). Chapter (6) P.135,
Editor: Laurance, D.R. and A. L. Academic
Press, London, New York.
19. Prashanth ,D.; Asha,M.K. and Amit,
A.(2001):  Antibacterial activity of Punica
granatum . Fitoterapia;72(2):171
20. Sendecor, G.W. and Coebram,
W.C.,(1969):In "statistical Methods "6
th
ed
Iowa State Univ. Press Anes, Iowa, U. S.A.
P.70
21. Trinder,P.(1969): Determination of
glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with
an alternative acceptor .Ann. of
Clinc.Biochem.6,24
22. Van-Elswijk,D.A., Schobel, U.P. Lansky,
E.p. Irth ,H.and Van-der- Greef
,G.(2004): Rapid dereplication of estrogen
compounds in Punica granatum using online biochemical detection coupled to mass
spectrometry. Phytochemistry;65(2):233
23. Zafar, R. and Singh, J.,(1990):
Antidiabetic activity of Punica granatum
Linn. Sci.Culture 56(7), 3.
24. Zhang, J.; Zhan, B., Yao,X. Gao,Y. and
Shong J. (!995): Antiviral activity of 
tannin from the pericarp of Punica
granatum L. against genital Herpes virus in
vitro .Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi;20(9)
556.
1) Kiho T., Morimoto H., Sakushima M., Usui S., Ukai S., Biol. Pharm.
Bull., 18, 1627—1629 (1995).
2) Kiho T., Morimoto H., Kobayashi T., Usui S., Ukai S., Aizawa K.,
Inakuma T., Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 62, 417—419 (2000).
3) Björndall H., Hellerqvist C. G., Lindberg B., Svensson S.,  Angew.
Chem. Int., Ed. Engl., 9, 610—619 (1970).
4) Gorin P. A. J., Barreto-Bergter E., Travassos L. R., Carbohydr. Res.,
95, 205—218 (1981).
5) Kogan G., Pavliak V., Masler L.,  Carbohydr. Res.,  172, 243—253(1988).
6) Bacon B. E., Cherniak R., Kwon-Cheng K. J., Jacobson E. S., Carbohydr. Res., 283, 95—110 (1996).
7) a) Ukai S., Hirose K., Kiho T., Hara C.,  Chem. Pharm. Bull.,  25,
338—344 (1977); Ukai S., Kiho T., Hara C.,  ibid.,  26, 3871—3876
(1978).  b) Gao Q., Seljelid R., Chen H., Jiang R., Carbohydr. Res.,
288, 135—142 (1996).
8) Ukai S., Morisaki S., Goto M., Kiho T., Hara C., Hirose K., Chem.
Pharm. Bull., 30, 635—643 (1982); Sone Y., Kakuta M., Misaki A.,
Agric. Biol. Chem., 42, 417—425 (1978).
9) Fraser C. G., Jennings H. J., Moyna P., Can. J. Biochem., 51, 219—224
(1973).
10) Taylor R. L., Shively J. E., Conrad H. E., Methods Carbohydr. Chem.,
VII, 149—151 (1976).
11) Kiho T., Tsujimura Y., Sakushima M., Usui S., Ukai S.,  Yakugaku
Zasshi, 114, 308—315 (1994).
12) Kiho T., Ito M., Nagai K., Hara C., Ukai S., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37,
2770—2772 (1989).
13) Kiho T., Itahashi S., Sakushima M., Matsunaga T., Usui S., Ukai S.,
Mori H., Sakamoto Y., Ishiguro Y., Biol. Pharm. Bull., 20, 118—121
(1997).
14) Yasuno S., Murata T., Kokubo K., Yamaguchi T., Kamei M., Biosci.
Biotech. Biochem.,  61, 1944—1946 (1997); Yasuno S., Kokubo K.,
Kamei M., ibid., 63, 1353—1359 (1999).
(Contd.)

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

कैंसर में कामराज, भोजराज और तेजराज, Paclitaxel के साथ प्रयोग करने से आयें बाज

भटवास का प्रयोग - किडनी के रोगों (Diseases of Kidneys) की पारम्परिक चिकित्सा (Traditional Healing)

गुलसकरी के साथ प्रयोग की जाने वाली अमरकंटक की जड़ी-बूटियाँ:कुछ उपयोगी कड़ियाँ