World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -53

World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -53

World Literature on Medicinal Plants Quoted/Consulted/Modified/Improved/Discussed/Used/Corrected in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database.

For details please visit http://www.pankajoudhia.com

Oudhia, P., Pal, A.R. and Pali, G.P.(2002).Traditional medicinal knowledge about common crop weeds in Bagbahera (India) region :A survey .Agric. Sci. Digest. 22(1):53-54.

Oudhia, P. (2001).Allelopathic effects of leachates and extracts of different parts of an obnoxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. on germination and seedling vigour of selected crops. Ecol. Env. and Cons. 7(4):427-434.

Oudhia, P. (2002).Cultivation of Mucuna for medicinal uses in India. Mucuna News 5:6.

Oudhia, P.(2000).Allelopathic effects of some obnoxious weeds on germination of soybean. Indian J. Plant Physiology.5 (3):295-296.

Oudhia, P. (2002).Traditional medicinal knowledge about Fireflies, Photuris sp. (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in Chhattisgarh (India). Insect Environment, Vol.8 (1):25

Oudhia, P. (2002).Traditional Medicinal Knowledge about Chickpea in India with special reference to Chhattisgarh. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter (ICPN).9:32-34.

Oudhia, P. (2002).Rice-Acorus intercropping: A new system developed by innovative farmers of Chhattisgarh (India).International Rice Research Notes (IRRN).27(1):56.

Oudhia, P. (2002).Traditional medicinal knowledge about Red Ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Fab.) [Hymenoptera: Formicidae] in Chattisgarh, India. Insect Environment.8 (3):114-115.

Oudhia, P. (2002).Traditional medicinal knowledge about common insects and mites in India. Eco. Env and Consv.8 (4):339-340.

Tripathi, R.S., Tuteja, S.S. and Oudhia, P. (2001) Prospects of cultivation of medicinal plants in Chhattisgarh. In Souvenir cum Abstracts. National Research Seminar on Herbal Conservation, Cultivation, Marketing and Utilization with Special Emphasis on Chhattisgarh, ‘The Herbal State’. Srishti Herbal Academy and Research Institute (SHARI) and Chhattisgarh Minor Forest Produce (Trading & Dev.) Co-operative Federation Ltd., Raipur (India), 13-14 December, 2001. P.34.

Lal, Banwari and Oudhia, P. (2001) Beneficial effects of phytochemicals on food-fodder-MPTS Production Systems. In Souvenir cum Abstracts. National Research Seminar on Herbal Conservation, Cultivation, Marketing and Utilization with Special Emphasis on Chhattisgarh, ‘The Herbal State’. Srishti Herbal Academy and Research Institute (SHARI) and Chhattisgarh Minor Forest Produce (Trading & Dev.) Co-operative Federation Ltd., Raipur (India), 13-14 December, 2001. p.43.

Sarawgi, S.K. and Oudhia, P. (2001) Monitoring of Boron effect on germination of Rice cv. Mahamaya. In Souvenir cum Abstracts. National Research Seminar on Herbal Conservation, Cultivation, Marketing and Utilization with Special Emphasis on Chhattisgarh, ‘The Herbal State’. Srishti Herbal Academy and Research Institute (SHARI) and Chhattisgarh Minor Forest Produce (Trading & Dev.) Co-operative Federation Ltd., Raipur (India), 13-14 December, 2001. p.47.

Oudhia, P. (2001) First record of Orange banded blister beetle Zonabris pustulata Thumb. (Coleoptera: Meloidae) on Safed Moosli (Chlorophytum borivilianum L.) In Souvenir cum Abstracts. National Research Seminar on Herbal Conservation, Cultivation, Marketing and Utilization with Special Emphasis on Chhattisgarh, ‘The Herbal State’. Srishti Herbal Academy and Research Institute (SHARI) and Chhattisgarh Minor Forest Produce (Trading & Dev.) Co-operative Federation Ltd., Raipur (India), 13-14 December, 2001. P.73.

Davidson SP, Brock JF, Truswel ASl (1975). Human Nutrition and

Dietetics. 6th ed. Churchill Livingstone / Longman Group Ltd. pp.

107-119, 221-224.

Dickson KB, Benneh G (1980). A New Geography of Ghana, Longman

Group Ltd. London.

Duke J A (1983). Ipomoea batatas. Handbook of Energy Crops.

Unpublished. [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/default.html].

FAO Corporate Document Repository (2006 a). Calculation Of The

Energy Content Of Foods- Energy Conversion Factors.

[http:/www.fao.org/ag].

FAO Corporate Document Repository (2006 b). PROXIMATE

COMPOSITION OF FAOODS. [http:/www.fao.org/ag].

Fennema RO, Tannenbaum S R (1996). Introduction to Food

Chemistry. In: Fennema RO, Karel M, Sanderson GW, Tannenbaum

SR, Walstra P, Witaker JR (eds). Food Chemistry, Marcel Dekker Inc.

New York. pp. 1-64.

Fuglie LJ (2001). The Miracle Tree. Moringa oleifera: Natural Nutrition

For The Tropics. CWS, Dakar, Senegal p.115.

Fuglie LJ (2005). The Moringa Tree: a local solution to malnutrition?

Church World Service in Senegal.

Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) 2003 (2004). Ghana

Statistical Service (GSS), Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical

Research (NMIMR), and ORC Macro. Calverton, Maryland:GSS,

NMIMR, and ORC Macro.

Islam SM, Yoshimoto M, Yahara S, Okuno S, Ishiguro K, Yamakawa O

(2002). Identification and Characterization of Foliar Polyphenolic

Composition in Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes. J.

Agric. Food Chem. Vol. 50. American Chemical Society. pp. 3718-

3722.

Kris-Etherton PM , Hecker KD, Bonanome A, Coval SM, Binkoski AE,

Hilpert KF, Griel AE, Etherton TD (2002). Bioactive compounds in

foods: their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and

cancer. PubMed, 113 Suppl 9B:71S-88S.

Lindsay RC (1996). Flavours. In: Fennema RO, Karel M, Sanderson

GW, Tannenbaum SR, Walstra P, Witaker JR (eds). Food Chemistry,

Marcel Dekker Inc. New York. pp. 611-612.

Nutritional Value of Malunggay Pods/Leaves (2006).

[http://malunggayherbatea.multiply.com/journal/item/2].

Price ML (1985). The Moringa Tree, ECHO Technical Note (revised

2000 by Kristin Davis).

Saldanha LG (1995). Fibre in the diet of U. S. Children: results of

national surveys. Pediat. (96):994-996.

UICC/WHO (2005). Global Action Against Cancer NOW. Geneva: UICC

and WHO Publications Department.

Woolfe JA (1992). Sweet Potato: an untapped food resource.

Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 9(92):165-168.

Yoshimoto M, Yahara S, Okuno S, Islam S, Ishiguro K, Yamakawa O

(2002). Antimutagenicity of Mono- Di-, and Tricaffeoylquinic Acid

Derivatives Isolated from Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Leaf.

Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66 (11): 2336-2341.

Crapper DR, Krishnan SS, Dalton AJ (1973). Brain aluminium distribution in Alzheimer’s disease and experimental neurofibrillary

degeneration. Sci. 180(4085): 511-513.

Davis KL (2007). Alzheimer’s Disease. Microsoft® Student 2007

[DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2006.

GenStat (2008). GenStat for Windows. Release 4.23DE Discovery

Edition III. VSN International Ltd., Hemel Hempstead, UK.

Ghebremichael KA (2004). Moringa seed and pumice as alternative

natural materials for drinking water treatment. PhD dissertation,

Royal Institute Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden. Internet:

http://www.lwr.kth.se/publikationer/PDF_Files/LWR_PHD_1013.p

df accessed on 31st October 2007.

Grabow WOK, Slabert JL, Morgan WSG, Jahn SAA (1985). Toxicity

and mutagenicity evaluation of water coagulated with Moringa

oleifera seed preparations using fish, protozoan, bacterial, coliphage, enzyme, and Ames Salmonella assays. Wat. S. A. 11: 9 –

14. http://www.h2ou.com/h2wtrqual.htm#References

Kaggwa RC, Mulalelo CI, Denny P, Okurut TO (2001). The impact

of alum discharges on a natural tropical wetland in Uganda.

Water Res. 35(3): 795-807.

Letterman RD, Driscoll CT (1988). Survey of residual aluminium in

filtered water. J. Am. Wat. Wks Assoc. 82: 154-158.

Madsen M, Schlundt J, and Olmer EF (1987). Effect of water

coagulation by seeds of Moringa oleifera on bacterial concentration. J. Trop. Med. Hygiene. 90(3):101-109.

Mallevialle J, Brichet A, Fiessinger F (1984). How safe are organic

polymers in water treatment. J. Am. Wat. Wks Assoc.76: 87-93.

Martenson CH, Sheetz M, Graham DG (1995). In vitro acrylamide

exposure alters growth cone morphology. Toxicol. Appl.

Pharmacol. 131:119–129.

Miller RG, Kopfer FC, Ketty KC, Stober JA, Ulmer NS (1984). The

occurrence of aluminium in drinking waters. J. Am. Wat. Wks

Ass. 76(1): 84-91.

Ndabigengesere A, Narasiah KS, Talbot BG (1995). Active agents

and mechanism of coagulation of turbid waters using Moringa

oleifera. Water Res. 29(2): 703- 710.

Olsen A (1987). Low technology water purification by bentonite clay

and Moringa oleifera seeds flocculation as performed in

sudanese village: effects of Schistosoma Mansoni cericariae.

Water Res. 21: 81-92.

Postnote (2002). Access to water in developing countries. No.178

Internet: www.parliament.uk/post/pn178pdf accessed on 24th

October, 2007.

Schwarz D (2000). Water clarification using Moringa oleifera.

Technical Information W1e, Gate Information Service, Eschborn,

Germany. Internet: http://www.gtz.de/gate/gateid.afp accessed

on 31st October 2007.

WHO (2006). Guideline for drinking-water quality (electronic

resources): incorporating first addendum. Vol. 1, Recommendations, 3

rd

edition. Internet:

http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/gdwq0506.pdf

Wright P, Legros D, McCormick M (2004). Household drinking

water. A systematic review of microbiology source and point of

use. Trop. Medicine Int. Health 9(1):100-120.

Abdularazak S A, Muinga R W, Thorpe W and Ørskov E R 1996 The effect of supplementation of Gliricidia sepium or Leucaena leucocephala on intake, digestion and liveweight gain of Bos Taurus x Bos indicus steers offered napier grass. Animal Science 63: 381-388

AOAC 1990 Association of Official Agriculture Chemists, Official Method of Analysis. 15th Edition. 2200 Wilson Boulevard. Arlington, Virginia, USA. Pp69-88.

ARC 1990 The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Fourth edition. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Pp.-73 - 310.

Gidamis A B, Panga J T, Sarwatt S V, Chove B E and Shayo N B 2003 Nutrients and antinutrient contents in raw and cooked leaves and mature pods of Moringa Oleifera, Lam. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 42:1-13

Kabatange M A and Shayo C M 1991 Rumen degradation of maize stover as influenced by Leucaena hay supplementation. Livestock Research for Rural Development  (3) 2: http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd3/2/sarec1.htm

Machibula B P 2000 The effect of substitution of cotton seed cake by Gliricidia sepium on the performance of dairy cattle fed napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum). MSc Thesis, Sokoine University of Agriculture., Morogoro, Tanzania, pp 116

Makkar H P S and Becker K 1997 Nutrients and antiquality factors in different morphological parts of the Moringa oleifera tree. Journal of Agricultural Science, 128:311-322.

Mannetje 't L 1984 Nutritive value of tropical and subtropical pastures, with special reference to protein and energy deficiency in relation to animal production. In Herbivore nutrition in the subtropics and tropics. (Edited by Gilchrist F M C and Mackie R I.) Johannesburg, South Africa: The Science Press Ltd., 56-66 pp.

Marth E H 1978 Standard methods of examination of dairy products. Donely and Inc Crowfordsille, USA, Pp.416.

McDonald P, Edwards R A and Greenhalgh J F D 1997 Animal Nutrition 5th Edition. Longman, Singapore Publishers, ELBS, pp 689.

Mpairwe D R, Sabiiti E N and Mugerwa J S 1998 Effect of dried Gliricidia sepium leaf supplement on feed intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in sheep fed dried KW4 elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) ad libitum, Agroforestry Systems. 41: 139 - 150.

Morton J F 1991 The Horseradish tree, Moringa pterygosperma (Moringaceae): A plant boon to arid lands? Economic Botany, 45: 318- 333

Ørskov E R and McDonald I 1979 The estimation of protein degradability in rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge. 92, 499 - 503.

Ørskov E R, De b. Hovel F D and Mould F 1980 The use of nylon bag technique for evaluation of feedstuff. Tropical Animal Production 5, 195-213

Sarwatt S V, Kapange S S and Kakengi A M V 2002 Substituting sunflower seed-cake with Moringa oleifera leaves as supplemental goat feed in Tanzania. Agroforestry Systems 56:241-247

SAS 1996 Statistical Analysis System. SAS/STAT users guide. Statistical Analysis Institute, Inc; Cary, NC. pp 1028.

Snedecor G W and Cochran W G 1989 Statistical methods, 8th Edition. University Press, Ames, IOWA, pp 503.

Sutherland J P, Folklard G K and Grant W D 1996 Natural coagulation for appropriate water treatment. A novel approach, Waterlines, 8(4):30 - 32.

Van Soest P J 1994 Nutrition and ecology of the ruminant. 2nd edition, Cornell University Press

Van Soest P J, Robertson J B andLewis B A 1991 Methods for dietary fibre, NDF and non-starch polysaccharide in relation to animal nutrition, Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583 - 3597

AOAC 1990 Association of Agricultural Chemists Official methods of Analysis, 15th Edition. Arlington, Virginia, USA. pp 807- 809.

Austic R E and Neishem M C 1990 Poultry Production. Lea and Febiger Publisher. pp 260-275.

Bhatnagar R, Kataria M and Verna S V S 1996 Effect of dietary Leucaena leaf meal on the performance and egg characteristics in white leghorn hens. Indian Journal of Animal Science 66 (12): 1291-1294.

Kakengi A M V, Shem M N, Sarwatt S V and Fujihara T 2003 Can Moringa oleifera be used as a protein supplement to ruminants? Asian-Australasian.Journal of Animal Sciences 18:1:42-47.

Katule A N N 1989 Cross breeding as a tool for genetic improvement of chicken in sub-optimal environment. Veterinary Journal 28: 325-333.

Kimoro B N 2002 Potential of selected Mult-purpose trees as feed for growing goats on maize stover basal diet. MSc. Thesis. Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro - Tanzania..

Makkar H P S and Becker K 1996 Nutritional value and an nutritional components of whole and extracted Moringa oleifera leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology 63, 211 - 228

Makkar H P S and Becker K 1997 Nutrient and anti quality factors on different morphological parts of the Moringa tree. Journal of Agricultural Science 128: 31.

Mateo J P, Libadan M M, Abilay I A and Alandy R 1970 Study of paired feeding of pullets using high levels of ipi-ipil (Leucaena l eucocephala). The Phillipine Agriculturalist 54: 312-318

McDonald P, Edwards R A, Greenhalgh J F O and Morgan C A 1995 Animal nutrition 4th edition. John Wiley and sons, United States. 607 pp.

Mellau N N 1999 The effect of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal on egg production and quality. Unpublished Dissertation for Award of MSc. (Agriculture) degree at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Tanzania. 104 pp

North M O 1990 Commercial Poultry Production manual. Westport connection Publishing Company. Inc, USA. pp 299-301.

NRC 1994 Nutrient requirements of poultry. Ninth revised edition. National Academic Press, Washington D.C., USA.155 pp

Osei S A, Opuku and Atuahene C C 1990 Gliricidium leaf meal as an ingredient in layer diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 29:303-308.

Ravindran V, Kornegay E T, Rajaguru A S B, Potter L M and Cherrry J A 1986 Cassava leaf meal as a replacement for coconut oil meal on broiler diets. Poultry Science 65(9): 1720- 1727.

Sarwatt S V, Kapange S S and Kakengi A M V 2002 The effects on intake, digestibility and growth of goats when sunflower seed seed cake is replaced with Moringa oleifera leaves in supplements fed with Chloris gayana hay. Agroforestry systems Volume 56:241-247

SAS Institute Inc. 1998 SAS/ STAT Users Guide release 6.03 Edition. Carry, Inc., 1028 pp

Shenstone F S 1968 The cross composition, chemistry and phsico-chemical basis of organisation of the yolk and white. In: Egg quality. A study of hens egg. (Edited by Carter J C, Oliver and Boyd. Edinburgh. pp 26-58.

Smith A J 1999 Poultry. The tropical agriculturist First edition. Macmillan Publishers. Wageningen. 218 pp.

Snedecor G W and Cochran W G 1992 Statistical Methods. 8th Edition. Iowa State.

Tangendjaja B, Rahardjo V C and Lowry J B 1990 Leucaena leaf meal in the diet of growing rabbits: Evaluation and effect of a low mimosine treatment. Animal Feed Science and Technology 29: 63-72.

Sutherland J P, Folkard G K and Grant W D 1990 Natural coagulants for appropriate water treatment: a novel approach, Waterlines, April (4), pp30-32.

Vohra P 1972 Evaluation of metabolizable energy for poultry. World's poultry Science Journal 28: 204-214.

• Fladerer F., Krist H., Rohowski G. ,

Schneider W. 1995: A comparative

study of Methods of Desinfecting

Drinking water in Developing

Countries. GTZ, Eschborn.

• Water lines: Technical brief No. 60,

Water clarification using Moringa

oleifera seed coagulant.

• Folkard G., Shaw  R. and Sutherland

J. 1999: Technical brief No. 60., Vol

17, Waterlines.

• Samia Al Azharia Jahn and Hamid

Dirar.1979: Studies on natural water

coagulants in the Sudan, with

special reference to Moringa oleifera

seeds. Vol. 5, No 2, WATER SA.

1. Aguwa, C.N. and Nwanko, S.O. (1988). Preliminary studies on the root extract of Naulea latifolia Smith, for antiulcer properties. Nig. J. Pharmaceutical Sci.4(1): 16 – 23.
2. Anthony, A. Dhillon, A.P. and Nygard, G. (1993). Early Histological Features of Small Intestinal Injury Induced by Indomethacin. J. Aliment Pharmacol Therapy; 7: 29 – 40.
3. Caceres, A.B; Cabrera, O; Mirals, O. Mollinedo, O. and Imendia, A. (1991).Preliminary screening for antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera. J. Ethnopharmacol. 33: 213 – 216.
4. Cho, C.H; Hua, M.F; Chou, C.K. and Hot, T. (1983). Protection of zinc sulphate against necrosis induced by ethanol in rats. Proceeding Netherlands Science Council Royal Society, (7): 261 – 267.
5. Ghasi, S. and Nwabodo, E. (2000). Hypocholesterolemic effect of crude leaf of Moringa oleifera in high fat diet fed Wister rats; J. Ethnopharmacol.69 (1): 21 – 25.
6. Graham, D. Y; Smith, J. L. and  Opekum, P. A. (1995). Spicy food and the stomach. Journal AM Medical Association; 260: 3473 – 3475.
7. Harwell, J. L. (1971). Plants used against cancer: A Survey. Lloydia 1: 30 – 34.
8. John, T.A. and Onabanjo, A. O. (1990). Gastroprotective effect of an aqueous extract of Entandro phragmautile bark in experimental ethanol-induced peptic ulceration in mice and rats. J.  Ethnopharmacol. 29: 87 – 93.
9. Konturek, S.J; Redeck, T; Plastuck, I; Brzozowski, T. and Drodowicz, D. (1998). Gastroprotection by collidal bismuth substrate (Denol) and sucralfate: Role of endogenous prostaglandin. Gut, 228 : 201 – 205.
10. Nwafor, A; Paul, F; Okwasaba, K. and Binda, L.G (2000). Anti diarrhoeal and antiulcerogenic effect of methanolic extract of Asparagus pubescens root in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol .72 : 421 – 427
11. Pari, L. and Kumar, N.A. (2002). Hepatoprotective Activity of Moringa oleifera on Anti tubercular drug induce liver damage in rats. J. Medicinal Food, 5 (3): 171 - 177
12. Sofowora, E.A. (1994). Medical Plant and Traditional Medicine in Africa. University of IfePress, Nigeria: pp. 1 – 23.
13. Vander, S.L. (1998). Human Physiology 7^th edn. OxfordUniversity Press, New York: pp. 583.

Adesokan, A.A., M. A. Akanji, and M. T.Yakubu. 2007. Antibacterial potentials

of aqueous extract of Enantia chlorantha stem bark. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 6

(22): 2502-2505.

Adriana, B., A.N.M. Almodóvar1, C.T. Pereira1, and T.A. Mariângela. 2007.

Antimicrobial efficacy of Curcuma zedoaria extract as assessed by linear

regression compared with commercial mouthrinses. Braz. J. Microbiol.

38:440-445.

Afolayan, A.J., and J.J.M. Meyer. 1995. Antibacterial activity of Helichrysum

aureonitens. (Asteraceae). J. Ethnopharmarcol. 47: 109-111.

Akueshi, C.O., C.O. Kadiri, E. U. Akueshi, S. E. Agina, and B. Ngurukwem.

2002. Antimicrobialpotentials of  Hyptis sauvedens Poit (Lamiaccae).

J. Bot. 15: 37-41.

Al-Bari, M.A., M.A. Sayeed, M.S. Rahman, and M.A. Mossadik. 2006. Characterization and antimicrobial activities of a phenolic acid derivative produced

by Streptomyces bangladeshiensis, a novel species collected in Bangladesh.

Res. J. Medicine & Med. Sci. 1: 77-81.

Barry, A. L. 1980. Procedure for testing antimicrobial agent in agar media. In V.

Lorian(ed) Antibiotica in laboratory medicines. Willims and Wilkins Co.

Baltimore. p.1-23.

Bauer, A. W., W. M. M. Kibry, J.C. Sherris, and M. Turck. 1966. Antibiotic

susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. Am. J. Clin.

Pathol. 45: 493-496.

Chandarana, H., S. Baluja, and S. V. Chanda. 2005. Comparison of antibacterial

activities of selected species of zingiberaceae family and some synthetic

compounds. Turk. J. Biol. 29:83-97.

Chandrasekaran, M., and V. Venkatesalu. 2004. Antibacterial and antifungal activity

of Syzygium jambolanum seeds. J. Ethnopharmarcol. 91:105-108.

Dilhuydy, J.M. 2003. Patients attraction to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM): a reality which physicians can neither ignore nor deny. Bull.

Cancer. 90:623-628.

Dillard, C.J., and J.B. German. 2000. Phytochemicals: nutraceuticals and human

health: A review. J. Sci. Food Agric. 80: 1744-1756.

Doughari, J.H., A.M. El-mahmood, and S. Manzara. 2007. Studies on the antibacterial activity of root extracts of Carica papaya L. Afri. J. Microbiol.

Res. 037- 041.

Fahey, J.W. 2005. Moringa oleifera: A review of the medical evidence for its

nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties. Trees for Life Journal.

1:5.

Kuhnt, M., A. Probestle, H. Rimpler, R. Bauer, and M. Hei. 1994. Biological and

pharmacological activities and further constituents of Hyptis verticillata.

Planta Medica. 61:227-232.

Nair, R., T. Kalariya, and C. Sumitra. 2005. Antibacterial activity of some selected

Indian medicinal flora. Turk. J. Biol. 29:41-47.

Pretorius, C.J., and E. Watt. 2001. Purification and identification of active components of Carpobrotus edulis L. J. Ethnopharmarcol. 76:87-91.

Ramachandran, C., K.V. Peter, and P.K. Gopalakrishnan. 1980. Drumstick

(Moringa oleifera): A multipurpose Indian vegetable. Economic Botany

34(3):276-283.

Rojas, J.J., V.J. Ochoa, S.A.Ocampo, and J.F. Munoz. 2006. Screening for antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants used in Colombian folkloric medicine:

A possible alternative in the treatment of non-nosocomial infections. BMC

Complement Altern. Med. 6:2.

Sharif, M.D.M., and G.R. Banik. 2006. Status and utilization of medicinal plants

in Rangamati of Bangladesh. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 2(6): 268-273.

Siddhuraju, P., and K. Becker. 2003. Antioxidant properties of various solvent

extracts of total phenolic constituents from three different agro-climatic

origins of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.). J. Agric. Food Chem.15:

2144-2155.

Silver, L.L. 1993. Discovery and development of new antibiotics: the problem of

antibiotic resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37: 377-383.

Vaghasiya, Y., and V.S. Chanda. 2007. Screening of methanol and acetone extracts of fourteen Indian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity. Turk.

J. Biol. 31:243-248

Vijaya, K., and S. Ananthan. 1997. Microbiological screening of Indian medicinal

plants with special reference to enteropathogens. J. Altern. Complement

Med. 3:13-20.

Zy, E.A., A. Area, and K. Aam. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal

plant extracts in Palestine. Pak. J. Med. Sci. 21:187-193.

Abdulkarim SM, Long K, Lai OM, Muhammad SKS, Ghazali HM (2005).

Some physio-chemical properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil extracted using solvent and aqueous enzymatic methods. Food Chem. 93:

253–263.

Adedapo AA (2002). Toxicological effects of some plants in the family

Euphorbiaceae on rats. PhD dissertation, University of Ibadan,

Nigeria.

Adedapo AA, Adegbayibi AY, Emikpe BO (2005). Some clinicopathological changes associated with the aqueous extract of the

leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in rats. Phytother. Res. 19: 971-976.

Akhtar AH, Ahmad KU (1995). Anti-ulcerogenic evaluation of the

methanolic of some indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan in

aspirin-ulcerated rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 46: 1-6.

Bergmeyer H, Horder M, Rej R (1986). IFFC Recommendation. J. Clin.

Chem. Clin. Biochem. 24: 481-497.

Bharah R, Tabassum J, Azad MRH (2003). Chemomodulatory effect of

Moringa oleifera Lam. on hepatic carcinogen metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesis in mice. Asian Pacific

J. Cancer Prev. 4: 131- 139.

Bush BM (1991). Interpretation of laboratory results for small animal

clinicians. Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford. pp. 25-34

Caceres A, Cabrera O, Morales O, Mollinedo P, Mendia P (1991).

Pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. 1: Preliminary

screening for antimicrobial activity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 33 : 213-216.

Caceres A, Saravia A, Rizzo S, Zabala L, De Leon E, Nave F (1992).

Pharmacologic properties of Moringa oleifera. 2: Screening for antispasmodic, antiinflammatory and diuretic activity. J. Ethnopharmacol.

36: 233-237.

Cheville NF (1988). Introduction to Veterinary Pathology. Iowa State

University Press: Ames. Pp. 34-45.

Coles EH (1986). Veterinary Clinical Pathology. W.B. Saunders’ Co.

Philadelphia. pp 5-87.

Cruz RCB, Meurer CD, Silva EJ, Schaefer C, Santos ARS, Bella-Cruz

A, Cechinel Filho V (2006). Toxicity evaluation of Cucurbita maxima

seed extract in mice. Pharm. Biol. 44 (4): 301-303.

Das BK, Mukherjee SC (2000). Asian Fisheries Science. J. Asian

Fisheries Soc. 13: 225-233.

Duncan JR, Prasse KW, Mahaffey EA (1994). Veterinary Laboratory

Medicine (Clinical Pathology). Iowa State University Press: Ames. pp.

94-96.

Fahey JW (2005). A Review of the Medical Evidence for Its Nutritional,

Therapeutic, and Prophylactic Properties. Part 1. Trees Life J. 1: 5-15

Foidl N, Makkar HPS, Becker K (2001). The potential of Moringa

oleifera for agricultural and industrial uses. In: “The Miracle Tree/ The

Multiple Attributes of Moringa” (Ed. Lowell J Fuglie). CTA. USA.

Jyotsna AP, Arun JP, Sanjay P (2003). Biochemical effects of various

pesticides on sprayers of Grape garden. Indian J. Biochem. 18/21:

16-22.

Lanzarot PM, Barahona VM, Manuel IS, Manuel F, Cassidy R (2005).

Haematologic, protein electrophoresis, biochemistry and

cholinesterase values of free-living black stork nestlings (Ciconia

nigra). J. Wildlife Dis. 41(2): 379-386.

Lawrence AK, Amadeo JP (1989). Clinical chemistry: Theory, analysis

and correlation. The Mosby Company, Philadelphia. pp 42-44.

Luskova V, Svoboda M, Kolarova J (2002). The effect of Diazinon on

blood plasma biochemistry in carp (Cyprinus carpio L). Acta Vet.

Brno 71: 117-123.

Paul WE (1993). Infectious diseases and the immune system. Science

America p 90.

Rej R (1989). Aminotransferase in Disease. Clin Lab Med, 9(4): 667-

87.Sawadogo WR, Boly R, Lompo M, Some N (2006). Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of Dicliptera

verticillata. Intl J. Pharmacol. 2 (4) : 435-438.

Swenson MJ, Reece OW (1993). Duke’s Physiology of Domestic

Animals. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca. Pp 221-235.

Toro G, Ackermann P (1975). Practical Clinical Chemistry. Little Brown

and Company: Boston. pp. 26-29.

Tripathi KD (2003). Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. Jaypee

Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd, New Delhi. pp. 142-1

1. Ndbigengesere, A. and Narasiah, K.S. (1998)  Quality of Water Treated by Coagulation Using Moringa

Oleifera seeds.  Wat. Resources, 32(3),781-791. 

2. Kawamura S. (1991) Effectiveness of natural polyelectrolytes in water treatment. JAWWA, 83(10), 88-

91.

3. Lee S. H., Lee S. O., Jang K. L. Lee T. H. (1995) Microbial flocculant from arcuadendron SP-49.

Biotechnol. Lett. 17(1), 95-100.

4. Ganjidoust H., Tatsumi K., Yamagishi T. and Gholian R. N. (1997) Effect of synthetic and natural

coagulant on  lignin removal from pulp and paper wastewater.  Wat. Sci. Tech. 35, 286-291.

5. Gassenschmidt U., Jany K. D., Tauscher B. and Niebergall H. (1995) Isolation and characterization of a

flocculating proein from Moringa oleifera lam.  Biochem. Biophys.  Acta, 143, 477-481.

6. Muyibi S.A. and Okufu C. A. (1995) Coagulation of low turbidity surface water with Moringa oleifera

seeds.  Int. J. Environ. Stud. 48, 263-273. 

7. Muyibi S.A. and Evison L.M. (1995) Optimizing Physical Parameters Affecting Coagulation of Turbid

Water with Moringa Oleifera seeds. Wat. Resources, 29(12), 2689-2695.

8. Ndbigengesere, A., Narasiah, K.S. and Talbot, B.G. (1995). Active Agent and Mechanism of

Coagulation of Turbid Waters Using Moringa Oleifera. Wat. Resources, 2, 703-710.

9. Muyibi S.A. and Evison L.M. (1996) Coagulation of turbid water and softening of hard water with

Moringa Oleifera seeds. Int. J. Environ. Stud., 56, 483-495.

10. Muyibi S.A. (1997) Moringa Oleifera seeds extract in water treatment. Institution of Engineers,

Malaysia, 59(3), 37-49.

11. Muyibi S.A., Megat Johari, M.M.N., Fakhrul Radzi A., Emad, A. (2002) Bench scale studies for

pretreatment of sanitary landfill leachate with Moringa Oleifera seeds extract. Int. J. Environ. Stud.

59(5), 513-535.

12. Muyibi S.A., Megat Johari, M.M.N., Tan, K.L., Lam, H.L. (2002) Effects of oil extracted from

Moringa Oleifera seeds on coagulation of turbid water. Int. J. Environ. Stud. 59(2), 243-254.

13. Jahn, S.A.A. (1988) Effectiveness of traditional flocculants as primary coagulants and coagulant aids

for the treatment of tropical waters with more than a thousand fold flocculation in turbidity. Water

Supply 2(3/4), 8 - 10.  

14. USEPA (1991) Is your drinking water safe? Office of Water (WH-550), EPA 570/9-91-005,

Washington DC.

1. Sujja-Areevath J, Munday DL, Cox PJ, Khan KL. Release characteristics of diclofenac sodium from encapsulated natural gum matrix formulations. Int J Pharm. 1996;139:53–62.

2. Murali Mohan Babu GV, Prasad DS, Raman Murthy KV. Evaluation of modified gum karaya as carrier for the dissolution enhancement of poorly water soluble drug niodipine. Int J Pharm. 2002;234:1–17. [PubMed]

3. Ofoefule SI, Chukwu A. Application of Abelmoschus esculentus gum has been used as mini matrix for furosemide and diclofenac sodium tablets. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2001;68:532–35.

4. Nogueira Lima RS, Rabelo Lima J, De Salis CR, Moreira AR. Cashew-tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) exudate gum: a novel bioligand tool. Appl Biochem. 2002;35:45–53.

5. Pawar H, D'Mello PM. Isolation of seed gum from Cassia tora and preliminary studies of its application as a binder for tablets. Indian Drugs. 2004;41:465–8.

6. Kulkarni GT, Gowthamrajan K, Rao BG, Suresh B. Evaluation of binding properties of plantago ovata and Trigonella foenum graecum mucilages. Indian Drugs. 2002;38:422–68.

7. Tuğcu-Demiröz F, Acartürk F, Takka S. Investigation of colon specific Dosage forms of ondensetron prepared with natural polymers. Pharmazie. 2006;61:916–9. [PubMed]

8. Panda D, Si S, Swain S, Kanungo SK, Gupta R. Preparation and evaluation of Gels from Gum of Moringa oleifera. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2006;68:777–80.

9. Wealth of India-Raw Materials. Vol. 2. New Delhi: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research; 1998. p. 429.

10. Boscá MM, Salem II, Morcillo SJ, Galan CA. Dissolution study of prolonged release morphine tablets using hydrophilic matrices Drug Develop Ind Pharm. 1995;21:1557–62.

11. Talukdar MM, Kinget R. Swelling and drug release behaviour of xantham gum matrix tablets. Int J Pharm. 1995;120:63–72.

12. Mulye NV, Turco SJ. Use of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate for sustained release of highly water soluble drugs. Drug Develop Ind Pharm. 1994;20:2621–23.

13. Craik DJ. The flow properties of starch powders and mixtures. J Pharm Pharmcol. 1958;10:73.

14. Train D. Some aspects of the property of angle of repose of powders. J Pharm Pharmcol. 1958;10:127–35.

15. Korsmeyer RW, Gurney R, Doelker E, Buri P, Peppas NA. Mechanism of solute release from porous hydrophilic polymers. Int J Pharm. 1983;15:25–35.

16. Wells JI. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology. Vol.14. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1997. Tablet testing; pp. 401–18.

Ezzati, F., Lopez, A.D., Rodgers, A., Hoorn, S.V. and Murray, C.J.L. 2002. Selected

major risk factors and  global and regional burden  of disease. Lancet 360 (9343):

1347-1360.

Freiberger, C.  E.; Vanderjagt,  D. J.; Pastuszyn, A.; Glew, R.  S.; Mounkaila,  G.;

Millson, M.; Glew, R. H. 1998. Nutrient content of the edible leaves of seven wild

plants from Niger. Plant Foods for Hum. Nutr. 53: 57 – 69.

Kachik,  F., Mudlagiri, B.G., Gary, R.B, Joanne, H., Lusby, W.R., Maria, D.T.  and

Barrera, M.R. (1992).  Effects of food  preparation  on  qualitative and  quantitative

distribution  of major carotenoids constituents of tomatoes and  several green

vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 40, 390-398.

Kidmose, U., Yang, R. Y., Thilsted, S. H., Christensen, L.  P. and Brandt, K. 2006.

Content of carotenoids in commonly consumed Asian vegetables and stability and

extractability  during  frying.  Journal of Food  Composition  and Analysis.19:

562−571.

Lyimo, M., Nyagwegwe, S, and Mukeni, E. 1991. Investigation of the traditional food

processing, preservation and storage methods on vegetable nutrients; a case study of

Tanzania, Plant Food Hum. Nutr. 41:53-57.

Olson, M. E. 2001. Introduction to the Moringa family. p11−28. In: L. L. Fuglie (ed.),

The Miracle Tree − Moringa  oleifera: Natural Nutrition for the Tropics. Church

World Service, West Africa Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal.

Siemonsma, J.S.  and Piluek, K. (eds). 1994. Vegetables. Bogor: Plant Resources of

South-East Asia.

Yadav, S.K and Sehgal, A. 1997. Effect of home processing on ascorbic acid and beta

carotene content of bathua (Chenopodium album) and  fenugreek  (Trigonella

foenungraecum) leaves. Plant Food Hum. Nutr. 50: 239-247.

Yang, R.Y., Tsou, S. C. S.  and Lee, T. C. 2002. Effect of cooking on in vitro iron

bioavailability  of various vegetables. p130-142. In: T.C. Lee and C.T. Ho (eds.),

Bioactive Compounds in  Foods: e ect of processing  and  storage. American

Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.

Yang, R. Y. and Tsou, S. C.  S.  2006. Enhancing  iron  bioavailability of vegetables

through proper preparation − principles and applications.  Journal of International

Cooperation. 1: 107−119.

Yang, R.Y., Tsou, S. C. S., Lee, T. C., Chang, L. C., Kuo, G., and Lai,  P. Y. 2006.

Moringa,  a novel plant rich  in  antioxidants, bioavailable iron,  and  nutrients. pp224-239. In: C. T. Ho  (ed) Challenges in  Chemistry and  Biology of Herbs. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.

1. Nadkarni, K.M., Nadkarni, A. K., and Chopra, R.N., The Indian Materia Medica, Popular

Prakasan, Bombay, Vol.1, 811 – 816, (1954).

2. Chopra’s  Indigenous Drugs of India, Academic Publication, Calcutta, 2

nd

Edn., 364  - 367,

(1958).

3. The Wealth of India, Published by C.S.I.R., New Delhi, Vol.6, 426 – 429, (1962).

4. Eilert, U., Wolters, B. and Nahrstedt T.A., Plant Med., 42 (1), 55 – 61, (1981).

5. Mariam, T.G., Murthy, P.N., Ranganatham, P., Hymete, A. and Daka, K. The Eastern

Pharmacist, Sept. 131 – 132, (1993).

[1] Gutteridgde, J.M.C.: Free Radic. Res. Comm., 19: 141-

158 (1995).

 [2] Buyukokuroglu, M.E., Gulcin, I., Oktay, M.,

Kufrevioglu, O.I.: Pharmacol. Res., 44: 491-95 (2001).

[3] Shahidi, F., Wanasundara, P.D.: Cri. Rev. Food. Sci.

Nutr. 32: 67-103 (1992).

[4] Barlow, S.M.: Toxicological aspects of antioxidants

used as food additives: In: Food Antioxidants

(Hudson, B.J.F. ed). Elsevier, London, pp 253-307

(1990).

[5] Branen, A.L.: J. American Oil Chem. Society. 5: 59- 63

(1975).

[6] Auudy, B., Ferreira, F., Blasina, L., Lafon, F.,

Arredondo, F., Dajas, R., Tripathi,  P.C.:  J.

Ethnopharmacol. 84: 131-138 (2003).

[7] Miller, A. L.: Alt. Med. Rev. 1: 103-111 (1996).

[8] Bharali, R., Tabassum, J., Azad, M.R.H.: Asian Pacific

Journal of Cancer Prevention. 4: 131-139  (2003)

[9] Nadkarni, K.M.: Indian Materia Medica. 3

rd

 ed, Vol.

II, Popular Parkashan, Mumbai, India, pp. 811-816

(2005).

[10] Khare, C.P.: Encyclopedia of Indian Medicinal Plants,

Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic and other

Trditional Usage, Botany. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp

317-318 (2004).

[11] Prajapati, N.D., Purohit, S.S., Sharma, A.K., Kumar,

T.: A Hand Book of Medicinal Plants: A Complete

Source Book. Agrobios, India, pp 350-351(2003).

[12] Singleton, V.L., Rossi, Jr. J.A.: Am. J. Enol. Viticult.

16: 144–158 (1965).

[13] Marinova, D., Ribarova, F., Atanasova, M.: J. Univ. Chem. Tech. Metall. 40(3): 255-260  (2005).

[14] Sreejayan, N., Rao, M.N.A.: Drug Res. 46: 169–

171(1996).

[15] Oyaizu, M.: Jpn. J. Nutr. 44: 307–315 (1986).

[16] Govindarajan, R., Rastogi, S., Vijayakumar, M. et al.

Bio. Pharm. Bull. 26: 1424–1427 (2003).

[17] Ilhami, G.I., Haci, A.A., Mehmet, C.: Chem. Pharm.

Bull. 53(3): 281-285(2005).

[18] Nishikimi, M., Rao, N.A., Yagi, K.: Biochem. Biophys.

Res. Commun. 46: 849–853 (1972).

[19] Hagerman, A. E., Riedl, K.M, Jones, G.A., Sovik, K.N.,

Ritchard, N.T, Hartzfeld, P.W.: J. Agric. and Food

Chem. 46: 1887-1892 (1998)

AOAC. 1980. Association of Agriculture Chemist Official

Methods of analysis. 9th Edition.

ARC. 1990. Agricultural Research Council. The nutrient

requirement of ruminant livestock. 4th edition. CAB

International Wallingford Oxon, UK. pp. 73-310.

Barry, T. N. and T. R. Manley. 1986. Interrelationship between the

concentration of total condenced tannins, free condensed

tannins and lignin in Lotus sp. And their possible consequence

in ruminant nutrition. J. Sci. Food Agric. 37:248-254.

Dogra, P. D., B. P. Singh and S. Tandon. 1975. Vitamin content in

Moringa pod vegetable. Curr. Sci. 44:125-127.

Jolkumen-Tiito, R. 1985. Phenolic constituents in the leaves of

northern willows: Methods for the analysis of certain phenolics.

J. Agric. Food Chem. 33:213-217.

Jones, W. T. and J. L. Monagan. 1977. Complexes of the

condensed tannins of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop)

with fraction 1 leaf protein and with sub maxillary

mucoprotein and their reversal by polyethelene glycol and pH.

J. Sci. Food Agric. 28:126-136.

Kaijage, J. K. 2002. Effect of substituting Moringa oleifera leaf

meal for cotton seed cake as a protein supplement on feed

intake, growth performance and digestibility of low quality

hay using sheep weaners. Partial submitted MSc. Thesis. Sokoine University of Agriculture.

Kakengi, A. M. V., M. N. Shem, R. Otsyina and E. Mtengeti. 2001.

Performance of grazing cattle in semi+arid areas of Western

Tanzania and the marginal productivity of  Leucaena

leucocephala leaf meal supplement.  Agroforestry, Systems

52:73-82.

Kimoro, B. N. 2002. Potential of selected Mult-purpose trees as

feed for growing goats on maize stover basal diet. On going

study.

Krishnamoorthy, U., C. J. Sniffen, M. D. Stern and Van Soest, P. J.

1983. Evaluation of the mathematical model of rumen

digestion and  in vitro simulation of rumen proteolysis to

estimate rumen undegraded nitrogen content of feedstuffs. Br.

J. Nutr. 50:555-568.

Kumar, R. and J. P. F. D’Mello. 1995. Anti-nutritional factors in

forage legumes. In: (Ed. J. P. F. D’Mello, C. Devendra),

Tropical legumes in animal nutrition, CAB International,

Wallingford, UK, pp. 95-133.

Licitra, G., T. M. Hernandez and P. J. VanSoest. 1996.

Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fraction of ruminant

feeds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 57:347-358.

Makkar, H. P. S. and K. Becker. 1996. A bioassay for polyphenols

(tannins). Polyphenols communications 96, Bordenaux

(France). July 15-18, 1996.

Makkar, H. P. S. and K. Becker. 1997. Nutrients an antiquality

factors in different morphological parts of the Moringa oleifera

tree. J. Agric. Sci. 128:311-322.

Makkar, H. P. S., M. Blummel and K. Becker. 1993. Formation of

complexes between polyvinylpyrroidones or polyethylene

glycols and tannins and their implication in gas production and

true digestibility in vitro techniques. Br. J. Nutr. 73:897-913.

Makkar, H. P. S. 2000. Quantification of tannins in tree foliage. A

laboratory mannual for the FAO/IAEA coordinated research

project on ‘Use of Nuclear and Related Techniques to Develop

Simple Tannin Assay for Predicting and Improving the safety

and Efficiency of Feeding Rumminants on Tanniniferous Tree

Foliage’. Joint FAO/IAEA Vienna, Austria, 2000. Mangan, J. L. 1988. Nutrition effects of tannins in animal feed.

Nutr. Res. Rev. 1:209-231.

McAllister, T. A., H. D. Bae, L. J. Yanke, K. J. Cheng and A. Muir.

1994. Effect of condensed tannins from birdstoof trefoil on

endoglucanase activity and the digestion of cellulose filter

paper by anaerobic fungi. Can. J. Microbiol. 40:298-305.

Menke, K.H. and H. Steingass. 1988. Estimation of the energetic

feed value obtained from chemical analysis and  in vitro gas

production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Develop. 28:7-55.

Norton, B. W. 1995. Browse legumes as supplements. In: Forage

tree legumes in Tropical Agriculture (Ed. A. R. C. Gutteridge

and H. M. Shelton) CAB Int. Wallingford, UK. pp. 245-257.

Ramachandran, C., K. V. Peter and P. K. Gopalakrishman. 1980.

Drumstic (Moringa oleifera): a multipurpose Indian vegetable.

Economic botany 34:276-283.

Salawu, M. B., T. Acamovic, C. S. Stewart and F. D. DeB. Hovell.

1997. Assesment of Caliandra colothyrsus:  in sacco

degradation and  in vitro gas production in the presence of

Quebrancho tannins with or without browse plus. Anim. Feed

Sci. Technol. 69:219-232.

Sarwatt, S. V., S. S. Kapange  and A. M. V. Kakengi. 2002. The

effects on intake, digestibility and growth of goats when

sunflower seed seed cake is replaced with Moringa oleifera

leaves in supplements fed with  Chloris gayana hay.

Agroforestry, Kluwer Academic Publisher (In press).

Sarwatt, S. V. 1989. Feed intake, Growth Rate and Digestibility

Coeffients of growing sheep fed hay supplemented with

Crotalaria orchroleuca. Animal Feed Science Technology

28:51-59.

SAS. 1999. Statistical analysis system. SAS/STAT User’s guide.

Statistical analysis Institute, Inc. Carry, NC, USA.

Sutherland, J. P., G. K. Folkard and W. D. Grant. 1990. Natural

coagulants for appropriate water treatment: a novel approach,

Waterlines, April (4), pp. 30-32. 

Van Soest, P. 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminants. O and B

Books. Corrallis, Oregon, p. 374.

Caceres A, Cabrera O, Morales O, Mollinedo P, Mendia  P  (1991)

Pharmacological properties of  Moringa oleifera. 1: Preliminary

screening for antimicrobial activity. J. Ethnopharmacol., 33: 213-216.

Cabacungan (2008). Inquirer.net, Legarda pushes  for  malunggay, her beauty soup.

Duke J (1982). Handbook of Energy Crops: Moringa oleifera. From the

Purdue Center for New Crops Web site.

D’cruz Mathur (2005). Effect of piperine on the epididymis of adult male

rats. Asian J. Androl., 7(4): 363-368

Fahey H (2000). Moringa oleifera: A Review of the Medical Evidence for

Its Nutritional, Therapeutic, and Prophylactic Properties. Part 1. Trees

Life J., 2005, 1: 5

Faizi S, BS Siddiqui, R Saleem, S Siddiqui, K Aftab, AH Gilani (1994).

Isolation and structure elucidation of new nitrile,mustard oil glycosides

from Moringa oleifera and their effect on blood pressure. J. Nat. Prod.

57: 1256-1261.

Foidl N, Mayorga L, Vasquez W (1999). Utilization of marango (Moringa

oleifera) as fresh forage for cattle.  FAO Anim. Prod. Health Paper,

143: 341-346.

Fuglie LJ (1999). The Miracle Tree: Moringa oleifera: Natural Nutrition

for the Tropics. Church World Service, Dakar. 68 pp.; revised in 2001

and published as The Miracle Tree: The Multiple Attributes of Moringa,

172

Gauthaman K, Adaikan PG, Prasad RNV (2002). Aphrodisiac properties

of  Tribulus terrestris  extract (protodioscin) in normal and castrated

rats. Life Sci., 71: 1385-96.

Ghasi S, Nwobobo E, Ofili JO  (2000). Hypocholesterolemic effects of

crude extract of leaf of Moringa oleifera Lam in high-fat diet fed Wistar

rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 69: 21-25.

Gonzales GF, Ruiz A, Gonzales C, Villegas L, Cordova A (2001). Effect

of  Lepidium meyenii (maca) roots on spermatogenesis of male rats.

Asian J. Androl., 3: 231-233. Kumar NA, Pari L (2003). Antioxidant action of Moringa oleifera  Lam.

(drumstick) against antitubercular drugs induced lipid peroxidation in

rats. J. Med. Food, 6(3): 255-259.

Mekonnen Y, Yardleg V, Rock P, Croft S  (1999). In vitro

antitrypanosomal activity of  Moringa stenopetala  leaves and roots.

Phytother. Res., 13: 538-539.

Kurma SR, Mishra SH  (1998). Antiinflammatory and hepatoprotective

activities of fruits of Moringa Ind. J. Nat. Prod., 14: 3-10.

Serrano Pocsidio (2008). Effects of Moringa oleifera Lam Leaf Extract

on Reproductive Organ Morphology and Sperm Parameters in Male

Mice. Unpub.

Tahiliani P, Kar A (2000).  Role of  Moringa oleifera  leaf extract in the

regulation of thyroid hormone status in adult male and female rats.

Pharmacol. Res., 41: 319-323.

Tsaknis J, Lalas S, Gergis V, Dourtoglou V, Spilotis  V  (1999).

Characterisation of Moringa oleifera variety Mbololo seed oil of Kenya.

J. Agric. Food Chem., 47: 4495-4499.

Watcho P, Kamtchouing P, Sokeng S, Moundipa PF, Tantchou J,

Essame JL (2001). Reversible  antispermatogenic and antifertility

activities of Mondia whitei L.  in male albino rat. Phytother. Res., 15:

26-29.

Watcho P, Kamtchouing P, Sokeng SD, Moundipa PF, Tantchou J,

Essame JL (2004). Androgenic effect of Mondia whitei roots in male

rats. Asian J. Androl., 6: 269-72.

1.  De Carvalho M & Anderson DM. Frequency of Milk Expression and Milk

Production by Mothers of Non-Nursing  Premature  Neonates.  AJDC.

1985:139:483-85

1. Nadkarni K.M., Nadkarni A.K. and Chopra R.N. The Indian Materia Medica, Popular

Prakasan.  Bombay 1,811 – 916.

2. Faizi S., Siddiqui B.S. Saleem P., Siddiqui S., Aftab K., Gilane A.U.H., Phyto chemistry

1995., 38(4), 957-963.

3. Shaft N., Ikram M., Int., J crude Drug Res., 1982, 20 (4), 183 – 186.

4. Writer C.A Risely E.A Y Nass G.N., Carrageenan induced odema in hind paw of the rats as

assay for anti-in-flammatory drugs., Proc. Sec. Exp Bio Med: 1962,3 111 & 544-7.)

5. Armitage P., Statistical method in medical research, Blackwell scientific publication 1971-

217.

6. Vinegar, R., Schriber W., Hugs R., Biphasic development of  carrageenan oedema in rats,

J.Pharmac Exp Tera 19657, 166, 95/98.

BEENTJE H.J. 1998. — J.M. Hildebrandt (1847-

1881): notes on his travels and plant collections.

Kew Bull. 53: 835-856

DORR L.J. 1997. — Plant collectors in Madagascar  and

the Comoro Islands. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

ENGLER A. 1902. — Contribuzioni alla conoscenza

della flora dell’Africa orientale. Annuario Reale Ist.

Bot. Roma 9: 241-256.

GHASI S., NWOBODO E. & OFILI J.O. 2000. —

Hypocholesterolemic effects of crude extract of leaf

of Moringa oleifera Lam. in high-fat diet fed wistar

rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 69: 21-25.

JUMELLE M.H. 1930. — Les Moringa de Madagascar.

Annales du Musée Colonial de Marseille, sér. 4, 8:

1-20.

KALOGO Y. & VERSTRAETE W. 2000. — Technical

feasibility of the treatment of domestic wastewater

by a CEPS-UASB system. Environmental Technology 21: 55-65.

KERAUDREN M. 1965. — Le genre “Moringa” en

Afrique et à Madagascar (Affinités systématiques,

intérêt biogéographique). Webbia 19: 815-824.

KERAUDREN-AYMONIN M. 1982. — Moringaceae: 33-

40, in H. HUMBERT (ed.), Flore de Madagascar et

des Comores. Muséum National d’Histoire

Naturelle, Laboratoire  de Phanérogamie, Paris.

LOWRY II P.P., SCHATZ G.E. & PHILLIPSON P.B.

1997. — The classification of natural and anthropogenic vegetation in Madagascar: 93-123, in

GOODMAN S.M. & PATTERSON B.D. (eds.),

Natural change and human impact in Madagascar.

Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington & London.

MICHEL P.-F. 1985. — Ginkgo biloba: l’arbre  qui a

vaincu le temps. Art du Vivant, Editions du Félin,

Paris.

OLIVEIRA J.T.A., SILVEIRA S.B., VASCONCELOS I.M.,

CAVADA B.S. & MOREIRA R.A. 1999. —

Compositional and nutritional attributes of seeds

from the multiple purpose tree Moringa oleifera

Lamarck. Journal of the Science of Food and

Agriculture 79: 815-820.

OLSON M.E. & CARLQUIST S. in press. — Stem and

root anatomical correlations with life form diversity, ecology, and systematics in  Moringa

(Moringaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean

Society.

POIRIER M.Ch. 1953. — Généalogie des rois

Maroseranana du sud de l’Onilahy. Bulletin

Trimestriel Acad. Malgache, 18 June: 29-35.

RAUH W. 1998. — Succulent and xerophytic plants of

Madagascar, volume 2. Strawberry Press, Mill

Valley, California.

SALEEM R. & MEINWALD J. 2000. — Synthesis of

novel hypotensive aromatic thiocarbamate glycosides. Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin

Transactions 1: 391-394.

Bangani N M, Botha J A, Muller C J C and Cruywagen C W 2000 The production performance of lactating Jersey

cows receiving varying levels of Lucerne hay and oat silage as roughage sources. South African Journal of Animal

Science: 30 (Supplement 1).

Barrios Urdaneta A, Fondevila M, Balcells J, Dapoza C and Castrillo C 2000 In vitro microbial digestion of straw

cell wall polysaccharides in response to supplementation with different sources of carbohydrates. Australian Journal of

Agricultural Research: 51, 393-399.

Blümmel M, Makkar H P S, Chisanga G, Mtimuni J and Becker K 1997 The prediction of dry matter intake of

temperate and tropical roughages from in vitro digestibility/gas-production data, and the dry matter intake and in vivo

digestibility of African roughages in relation to ruminant live weight gain. Animal Feed Science and Technology: 69

131-141.

Blümmel M and Ørskov E R 1993 Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in

predicting feed intake in cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology: 40: 109-119.

Bonsi M L K, Osuji P O, Nsahlai I V and Tuah A K 1994 Graded levels of Sesbania sesban and Leucaena

leucocephala as supplements to Teff straw given to Ethiopian Menze sheep. Animal Production: 59: 235-244.

Fondevila M, Barrios Urdaneta A, Balcells J and Castrillo C 2002 Gas production from straw incubated in vitro with

different levels of purified carbohydrates. Animal Feed Science and Technology: 101, 1-15.

Hove L, Topps J H, Sibanda S and Ndlovu L 2001 Nutrient intake and utilization by goats fed dried leaves of shrub

legumes Acacia angustissima, Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephala as supplement to native pasture hay.

Animal Feed Science and Technology: 91: 95-106.

Jones R J 1979 The value of Leucaena leucocephala as a feed in the tropics. World Review of Animal Production

Leng R A 1997 Tree foliage in ruminant nutrition. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper: No. 139, Rome, Italy.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/w7448e/W7448E00.htm#TOC

Makkar H P S 1993 Antinutritional factors in foods for livestock. In: MGill, E Owen, G E Pollott and T L J Lawrence

(editors), Animal Production in Developing Countries. Occasional Publication No 16 British Society of Animal

Production: pp 69-85.

Makkar H P S and Becker K 1996 Nutritional value and antinutritional components of whole and ethanol extracted

Moringa oliefera leaves. Animal feed science technology: 63 211-228.

MenkeK, Raab L, Salewski A, Steingass H, Fritz D and Schneider W 1979 The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen

liquor in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge: 93, 217-222.

Menke K H and Steingass H 1988 Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro

gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development: Volume 28. pp. 7-55.

Merkel R, Pond K, Burns J and Fisher D 1999 Intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of three tropical tree

legumes II. As protein supplements. Animal Feed Science and Technology: 82:107-120.

Ndemanisho E E 1996 The use of Leucaenaleucocephala (LAM) de wit forage as a protein supplement for dairy goats.

PhD Thesis, SUA, Morogoro.

Nouala F S 2004 The comparison of plant cell wall degrading community in the rumen of N'Dama and N'Dama x Jersey

crossbred cattle in relation to in vivo and in vitro cell wall degradation. PhD Thesis University of Hohenheim, Institute

480.

Perera A N F and Perera E R K 1996 Use of Calliandra calothyrsus leaf meal as a substitute for coconut oil meal for

ruminants. In: D O Evans (editor). Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Genus Calliandra. Forest, Farm and

Community Tree Research Reports (Special Issue). Winrock International, Morrilton, Arkansas, USA. Pp. 245-250

Roothaert R L and Paterson R T 1997 Recent work on the production and utilization of tree fodder in East Africa.

Animal Feed Science and Technology: 69, 39-51.

Sarwatt S V, Kapange S S and Kakengi A M V 2002 Substituting sunflower seed-cake with Moringa oleifera leaves as

supplemental goat feed in Tanzania. Agroforestry Systems: 56:241-247

Sarwatt S V, Milang'ha M S, Lekule F P and Madalla N 2004 Moringa oleifera and cottonseed cake as supplements

for smallholder dairy cows fed Napier grass Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 16 Article # 38.

Retrieved June 2006 from http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd16/6/sarw16038.htm

Van Soest P J 1982 Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. O & B Books, Inc. Corvallis, Oregon. USA. pp. 76-78

Caceres, A., A. Sarawia, S. Rizzo, L. Zabala, E. De Lean, and F. Nove. 1992. Pharmalocogical properties of Moringa oleifera II : Screening for antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory

and diuretic activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 36(3): 233-237.

Chakraborti, N., L. Mordal, and G.C. Banerjee. 1988. Chemical composition of some

common tree leaves. Indian Vet. J. 65(2): 145-149.

Dayrit, F.M., A.D. Angela and I.M. Villasena. 1990. Studies on Moringa oleifera seeds.  Part

I. The antibiotic compound and its deactivation in aqueous solution. Phillipp. J. Sci.

119(1): 23-32.

Eilert, U., B. Walters, and A. Nahrstedt. 1981. The antibiotic principle of seeds of Moringa

oleifera and Moringa stenopatala. Planta Med. 42(1): 55-61.

Lenette, E.H. 1980. Manual of clinical microbiology. 3

rd

 edition, American Society of Microbiology, Washington, D.C.

Verma, S.C., R. Banerji, G. Mirsa, and S.K. Nigam. 1976.  Nutritional value of Moringa. 

Curr. Sci. 45(21): 769-770.

Villasena, I.M., P. Finch, C.Y. Lim-Sylianco, and F. Dayrit. 1989.  Structure of a mutagen

from roasted seed of Moringa oleifera.  Carcinogenesis (London). 10(6): 1085-1088.

Villasena, I.M., C.Y. Lim-Sylianco, and F. Dayrit. 1989.  Mutagens from roasted seeds of

Moringa oleifera.  Mutat. Res. 224(2): 209-212.

Washington, J. A. 1981.  Laboratory procedures in clinical microbiology.  Springer-Verlag

New York.

AMAYA, D.R.; KERR, W.E.; GODOI, H.T.;

OLIVEIRA, A.L.; SILVA, F.R. Moringa: hortaliÁa

arbÛrea rica em beta-caroteno. Horticultura Brasileira, BrasÌlia, v.10, n.2, p.126, 1992.

BEZERRA, A.M.E.; ALCANF‘R, D.C.;

MEDEIROS FILHO, S.; INNECCO, R. GerminaÁ„o de sementes de moringa (Moringa oleifera

Lam.). CiÍncia AgronÙmica, Fortaleza, v.28, n.1/

2, p.64-69, 1997.

BEZERRA, A.M.E.; MOMENT…, V.G.; ARA⁄-

JO, E.C.; MEDEIROS FILHO, S. GerminaÁ„o e

desenvolvimento de pl‚ntulas de mel„o-de-s„ocaetano em diferentes ambientes e substratos. Revista CiÍncia AgronÙmica, Fortaleza, v.33, n.1, p.

39-44, 2002a.

BEZERRA, A.M.E.; MEDEIROS FILHO, S.;

MOREIRA, M.G.; MOREIRA, F.J.C.; ALVES,

T.T.L. GerminaÁ„o e desenvolvimento de pl‚ntulas

de copaÌba em funÁ„o do tamanho e da imers„o

da semente em ·cido sulf˙rico. Revista CiÍncia

AgronÙmica, Fortaleza, v.33, n.2, p. 79-84, 2002b.

BRASIL. MinistÈrio da Agricultura e Reforma

Agr·ria.  Regras para an·lise de sementes.

BrasÌlia: SNDA/DNDV/CLAV, 1992. 395 p.

C£CERES, A.; FREIRE, V.; GIR”N, L.M.;

AVIL…S, O.; PACHECO, G. Moringa oleifera

(Moringaceae): etnobotanical studies in

Guatemala. Economic Botany, v.45, n.4, p.522-

523, 1991.

CARRIJO, O.A.; LIZ, R.S.; MAKISHIMA, N.

Fibra da casca do coco verde como substrato agrÌ-

cola. Horticultura Brasileira, BrasÌlia, v.20, n.4,

p.533-535, 2002.

CARVALHO, N.M.; NAKAGAWA, J. Sementes:

ciÍncia, tecnologia e produÁ„o. 4.ed. Jaboticabal:

FUNEP, 2000. 588 p.

FILGUEIRA, F.A.R.  Novo manual de

olericultura: agrotecnologia moderna na produ-

Á„o e comercializaÁ„o de hortaliÁas. ViÁosa: UFV,

2000. 402 p.

FERREIRA, P.V. EstatÌstica experimental aplicada ‡ agronomia. 2. ed. MaceiÛ: EDUFAL, 1996.

604 p.

GASSENSCHMIDT, U.; JANY, K.D.;

TAUSCHER, B.; NIEBERGALL, H. Isolation

and characterization of a flocculating protein from

Moringa oleifera Lam. Biochemistry Biophysical

Acta, v.13, p.477-481, 1995.

GERDES, G. O uso das sementes da ·rvore

moringa para o tratamento de ·gua turva.

ESPLAR - Centro de Pesquisa e Assessoria: Fortaleza, 13 p., 1996. (Boletim TÈcnico)

GERDES, G. Como limpar e tratar ·gua suja com

sementes da moringa. ESPLAR - Centro de Pesquisa e Assessoria, Fortaleza, 18 p., 1997. (Boletim TÈcnico)

GON«ALVES, A.L. Substratos para produÁ„o de

mudas de plantas ornamentais. In: MINAMI, K.

(Org.) ProduÁ„o de mudas de alta qualidade em

horticultura. S„o Paulo: Queiroz, T.A., 1995,

p.107-116.

JAHN, S.A.A. Proper use Moringa oleifera for

food and water purification - Selection of clones

and growing of annual short-stem. Pflanzenzucht,

v.4, p.22-25, 1989.

KERR, W.E.; SILVA, F.R.; RESENDE, A.;

GODOI, H.T.; KERR, L.S. Moringa oleifera: distribuiÁ„o de sementes dessa hortaliÁa arbÛrea.

Horticultura Brasileira, BrasÌlia, v.16, n.1, 1998.

Trabalho apresentado no 38° Congresso Brasileiro de Olericultura, 1998.

LABOURIAU, L.G. A germinaÁ„o das sementes.

Washington: OEA, 1983. 174 p.

LEDO, A.S.; MEDEIROS FILHO, S.; LEDO,

F.J.S.; ARA⁄JO, E.C. Efeito do tamanho da semente, do substrato e prÈ-embebiÁ„o na germina-

Á„o de sementes de pupunha. Revista CiÍncia

AgronÙmica, Fortaleza, v.33, n.1, p.29-32, 2002.

MAGUIRE, J.D. Speed of germination-aid in

selection and evaluation for seedling emergence

and vigor. Crop science, v.2, n.1, p.176-177, 1962.

MAKKAR, H.P.S.; BECKER, K. Nutrients and

antiquality factors in different morphological parts

of the  Moringa oleifera tree.  Journal of

Agricultural Science, Cambridge, v.128, p.331-

322, 1997.

MARTINS, C.C.; NAKAGAWA, J.; BOVI,

M.L.A.; STANGUERLIM, H. InfluÍncia do peso

das sementes de palmito-vermelho (Euterpe

espirotosantensis Fernandes) na percentagem e na

velocidade de germinaÁ„o. Revista Brasileira de

Sementes, Londrina, v.22, n.1, p.147-153, 2000.

MATOS, F.J. A. Farm·cias Vivas: sistemas de

utilizaÁ„o de plantas medicinais projetados para

pequenas comunidades. 3.ed. Fortaleza: EUFC,

1998. 220 p.

MORTON, J. The horseradish tree, Moringa

pterygosperma (Moringaceae) ñ a boon to arid

lands?. Economy Botany, v.45, n.3, p.318-333.

1991.

NAKAGAWA, J. Testes de vigor baseados na avaliaÁ„o das pl‚ntulas. In: VIEIRA, R.D.; CARVALHO, N.M.  Testes de Vigor em Sementes.

Jaboticabal: FUNEP, 1994. p.49-85.

O FILTRO natural: experiÍncia com semente de

moringa reduz endemias em ·guas contaminadas.

Revista Abastece, v.1, n.2, p.22, 1999.

OLIVEIRA, J.T.A.; SILVEIRA, S.B.; VASCONCELOS, I.K.M.; CAVADA, B.S.; MOREIRA,

R.A. Compositional and nutritional attributes of

seeds from the multiple purpose tree Moringa

oleifera Lamarck. Journal of the Science of Food

and Agriculture, v.79, p.815-820, 1999.

OLIVEIRA, V.C. GerminaÁ„o de sementes de

moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.). 2000. 29 p.

(Monografia GraduaÁ„o), UFC, Fortaleza.

PALADA, M.C. Moringa (Moringa oleifera

Lam.): a versatile tree crop with horticultural

potential in the Subtropical United States.

HortScience, v.31, n.5, p.794-797, 1996

PIO CORR A, M. Dicion·rio das plantas ˙teis

do Brasil e das exÛticas cultivadas. Rio de Janeiro: MA/IBDF, v.5, p.233-234. 1984.

RAMACHANDRAN, C.; PETER, K.V.;

GOPALAKRISHNAN, P.K. Drumstick (Moringa

oleifera) a multipurpose Indian vegetyable.

Economy Botany, v.34, p.276-283, 1980.

SILVEIRA, E.B.; RODRIGUES, V.J.L.B.; GOMES, A.M.A.; MARIANO, R.L.R.; MESQUITA,

J.C.P. PÛ de coco como substrato para produÁ„o

de mudas de tomateiro. Horticultura Brasileira,

BrasÌlia, v.20, n.2, p.211-216, 2002.

SILVA, A.R.; KERR, W.E. Moringa: uma nova

hortaliÁa para o Brasil. Uberl‚ndia: UFU/DIRIU,

1999, 95 p.

WARHURST, A.M.; McCONNACHIE, G.L.;

POLLARD, S.J.T. The production of activated

carbon for water treatment in Malawi from the

waste seed husks of Moringa oleifera. Water

Science Technology, v.34, n.11, p.117-184, 1996.

WARHURST, A.M.; McCONNACHIE, G.L.;

POLLARD, S.J.T. Characterisation and

applications of activated carbon produced from

Moringa oleifera seed husks by single-step steam

pyrolysis. Water Research, v.31, n.4, p.759-766,

1997.

Babu, A.M., G.M. Nair & J.I. Shah. 1987.

Traumatic gum-resin cavities in the stem

of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. IAWA Bull.

8: 167-174.

Bancroft, J. D. 1975. Histochemical tech·

niques. Butterwonh, London.

Beevers, L. 1976. Senescence. In: Plant biochemistry, Ed. 3 (cds. J. Bonner & J. E.

Varner). Acad. Press, London.

Berjack, P. & T. A. Villers. 1970. Ageing in

plant embryos. I. The establishment of

sequence in root cap during germination.

New Phytol. 69: 929-938.

Esau, K. 1974. Ultrastructure of secretory

cells in the phloem of Mimosa pudica L.

Ann. Bot. 38: 159-164.

Fahn, A. 1979. Secretory tissues in plants.

Acad. Press, London.

- & R.F. Even. 1974. Ultrastructure ofsecretory ducts of Rhus glabra L. Amer. J.

Bot. 61: 1-14.

- & D.M. Joel. 1976. Development of primary secretory ducts in the stem of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae). Gard.

Bull. Singapore 29: 161-164.

- & E. Zamski. 1970. The influence of

pressure, wind, wounding and growth

substances on the rate of resin duct formation in Pinus halepensis wood. Israel J.

Bot. 49: 429-446.

Gedalovich, E. & A. Fahn. 1985. Ethylene

and gum duct formation in Citrus. Ann.

Bot. 56: 571-577.

Ghosh, S. S. 1958. Histological response in

the secondary xylem of Shorea robusta

Gaenn. due to tapping. J. Sci. & Indust.

Res. 17: 100-103.

- & S.K Purkayastha. 1959. Preliminary observations on theexudation ofgumin Anogeissus latifolia. Indian For. 85: 437-441.

- & - 1962. Anatomical studies of wood

and bark of Acacia senegal Willd. trees

with special reference to gum exudation.

Indian For. 88: 92-99.

Heslop-Harrison, Y. & J. Heslop-Harrison.

1981. The digestive gland cells of Pinguicula: structure and cytochemistry. Ann.

Bot. 47: 293-319.

Humphrey, C.D. & F.E. Pittman. 1974. A

simple methylene blue - azure n - basic

fuchsin stain for epoxy embedded tissue

sections. Stain Technol. 49: 9-15.

Jensen, W.A. 1962. Botanical histochemistry. Freeman, London.

Joel, D.M. & A. Fahn. 1980a. Ultrastructure

of resin ducts of Mangifera indica L.

(Anacardiaceae). 1. Differentiation and

senescence of shoot ducts. Ann. BOl 46:

225-233.

- &- 1980b.lbid. 2. Resin secretion in the

primary stem ducts. Ann. Bot. 46: 779-

783.

- &- 198Oc. lbid. 3. Secretion of proteinpolysaccharide mucilage in the fruit. Ann.

Bot. 46: 785-790.

Karnovsky, M.J. A. 1965. Formaldehydeglutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolality

for use in electron microscopy. J. Cell

Bioi. 27: 137 A.

Kiatgrajai, P., A. H. Conner, J.W. Rowe, W.

Peters & D. R. Roberts. 1976. Attempt to

induce light wood in Balsam Fir and

Tamarack by treating with paraquat.

Wood Sci. 9: 31-36.

Matile, P. 1975. The lytic compartments of

plant cells. Springer Verlag, Vienna, New

York.

Mazia, D., P. A. Brewer & M. Alfen 1953.

The cytochemical staining and measurement of proteins with mercuric bromphenol blue. BioI. Bull. 104: 57-67.

Nair, G.M., K.R. Patel & J.J. Shah. 1981a.

Histological changes in the gum-resin

producing cell system in Commiphora

mukul Engl. induced by mechanical injury. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 90: 129-

136.

- , K. R. Patel, S. V. Subrahmanyam & J.J.

Shah. 1981 b. Secretion ofresin across the

wall of the epithelial cell in the gum-resin

canal of Commiphora mukul Engl. Ann.

Bot. 47: 419-421.

Nair. M. N. B., J.J. Shah & S. V. Subrahmanyam. 1983. Ultrastructure and histochemistry of traumatic gum ducts in the

wood of Azadirachta indica A.Juss.

IAWA Bull. 4: 103-112.

O'Brien, T.P., F. Feder & M.E. McCully.

1964. Polychromatic staining of plant cell

walls by toluidine blue O. Protoplasma

59: 367-373.

(Contd.)