Pankaj Oudhia's Research Documents on Biodiversity and Traditional Healing. Part-21

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The search for Bhoolan Jadi, a short time memory eraser herb, in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The most of the traditional healers and herb collectors have one unanswered question and that is 'When they visit to forests through paths, they have crossed thousand times, why in rainy season they forget these paths?' They blame the herb named Bhoolan (Bhoolana-to forget) Jadi for this problem. According to the healers and collectors, Bhoolan Jadi grows naturally in rainy season and when by mistake it comes under one's leg, the person looses memory for a while. This short time memory eraser herb confuses the wild animals also, they claim. Since my childhood, I am listening about this herb from the natives but unfortunately I have yet not seen it. I searched almost all forests in search of Bhoolan Jadi but it is still a mystery for me. There are many stories related to this unique herb. The traditional healers are serious in their claim and many healers inform me that this herb possess valuable medicinal properties and uses. In modern and ancient reference literatures, there is no herb mentioned as Bhoolan Jadi. I have faith in the traditional healers and collectors, because initially the snake and fly attractant herb Bhramarmari was mystery for us but later when we observed it in natural forests, we have found the claims of the healers true. Since 1994, I am searching this herb and I have decided to continue it as long as possible. In last ten years, I have gathered many interesting information on this herb. I am describing these information's in present article. During my ethnobotanical surveys in Bagbahera region, the healers informed me about the presence of Bhoolan Jadi in Kharora region. The local newspapers published about this unique herb every year during rainy season. When I was at Ambikapur region, the healers requested me to visit nearby Pilkha hills to see the Bhoolan Jadi. We searched the hills whole day but not got the true Bhoolan Jadi. Shri Rohini Sarkar showed me dried sample of Bhoolan Jadi but its condition was not enough good for identification. Recently the traditional healer of Bhopalpatnam region Shri B. Rao Godbole informed me about occurrence of this unique herb in his area. He tried to describe its growth habit. According to him, it is a climber, and the shoots after spread come back to the roots. He informed that the herb is confused itself and this is the reason, the shoots come nearer to the roots. It is very difficult for me to identify the herb on the basis of this explanation. The social worker of Rajnandgaon region, Shri Omkar Lal informed me that in Rajnandgaon city one famous park is known as Bhoolan Bagh (Park). According to him, when any one enters in this park, he get confused and it is very difficult for him to come out through correct path. Shri Omkar Lal informed me that the park is named as Bhoolan Park because of the presence of this herb. Now a days due to its commercial collection, it is very hard to get this herb in Bhoolan park, he adds. One of my architect friend Shri Sandeep Shrivastava, a native of Rajnandgaon region, is not agree with Shri Omkar Lal. According to him, the Park is named Bhoolan because of its unique design, that confuses the visitors. He further explained that the park has nothing to do with Bhoolan Jadi. The herb lover and science writer of Bhatapara region Shri Ravindra Ginnore also believes in natural occurrence of Bhoolan Jadi, in forest present in surrounding areas, My Guru Shri Vishal Bharat, also accepted the natural occurrence of Bhoolan Jadi in Southern Parts of Chhattisgarh but he denied that by simply touching this herb one can loose the memory for short time. According to him, when the herb is used internally, it shows such interesting effects. The senior traditional healers of Chhattisgarh are convinced with him. According to them, they use this unique herb for the treatment of patients having severe mental shock in recent past. The internal herb use of this herb helps the patients in early recovery. The traditional healers not showed willing to describe the details of this herb. They are afraid of its misuse. They informed that over dose of this herb may result in loss of memory forever. This is surprising information for me that the Chhattisgarh forests are rich in both memory enhancer as well as memory eraser herbs. Through this article, I would like to request the herb researchers around the world to pay special attention on this unique herb as the judicious use of this herb can save many lives. The search of Bhoolan Jadi is on and I promise you that I will write more on this herb in my future articles. Thank you for very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of Malarial fever around Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved To evaluate the knowledge status of urban natives of Raipur city, the capital of Chhattisgarh, a detailed ethnobotanical survey was done and the herbs and herbal formulations listed out. The Malarial fever is common in Chhattisgarh. The survey revealed that the urban natives try to treat this problem through their traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and in case of complications, contact the experts for modern treatment. In present article, I am giving the details of some common traditional uses. The use of Karela fruit juice is very common in treatment of Malarial fever. The fruit is washed thoroughly and juice is extracted. This bitter juice is given with Zeera (Cumin) and Gud (Jaggery) internally. In general, one teaspoonful of juice is given in every four hours till complete cure. Karela (Momordica charantia) is one of the well known vegetables of Chhattisgarh. I have mentioned it in my previous articles, that it is one of the frequently use herb in treatment of diabetes. The shape of Karela fruits resembles the shape of Pancreas. This is the reason it is considered as promising herb that can normalize the function of this organ. The natives of Raipur city add Gud in the above mentioned combination just for taste. Karela fruit juice and Zeera are enough to give desirable effects. Before starting of fever, the natives use the flower buds of common wasteland herb Fudhar (Calotropis gigantea) internally. According to the natives, it is given with Gud (Jaggery). It is considered as one of the promising treatments. As Fudhar is wasteland herb, it is not difficult for the natives to collect the flower buds. The fresh buds are used for this purpose. The natives use the fruits of Pippali (Piper longum) as preventive to Malaria. The fruits are used with Shahad (Honey). They purchase this herb from local herb shops. The natives add the common pulse Moong (Vigna radiata) in the routine meals of patients. It is common belief among them that this pulse possess anti-malarial properties and also acts as tonic and give extra strength to the patients. The natives also use another pulse named Moth (Vigna aconitifolia) in the meals but Moong is preferred. Moong is under cultivation in Chhattisgarh. For Moth, the natives are dependent on local herb shops. During intense fever the natives, rub the ice on patients body. It is common practice adopted in all types of fever. The natives use dried Ginger (Sonth) in different ways in treatment of Malaria. They prepare a special herbal combination by mixing half teaspoonful of powdered Sonth, one teaspoonful of powder Dhania (Coriander), twenty young leaves of Neem and twenty five Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaves. These ingredients are added in a glass of water and through boiling, decoction in prepared. This decoction is given four times a day to the patients. The natives consider it very useful. Its popularity among them clearly indicate its effectiveness. In another method, half teaspoonful of Sonth is boiled in a glass of cow milk and lukewarm, milk is given twice a day. The natives of Raipur city, plant Tulsi herb in their home gardens. They worship this herb. Now it is scientifically proven that the presence of Tulsi herb around the homes prevents the attack of harmful organisms including mosquitoes. The natives are well aware of this fact. Tulsi herb is also used internally in treatment. The natives prepare herbal decoction using Tulsi leaves as main ingredient and give it to the patients internally. Like the addition of Moong and Moth as pulses in meals, the natives suggest the patients to add Nimbu (Lemon) and Green Pipper (Capsicum annum) in any form, in their routine meals. The natives believe that Nimbu and Green Pipper possess anti-malarial properties. With the help of these herbs and herbal combinations, the natives try their best to treat Malarial fever and in most of the cases, they get success. Many of the above mentioned uses are mentioned in reference literatures related to different systems of medicine in India but there are slight variations. The survey revealed that the natives living in urban areas are also aware of miracle healing properties of common herbs. The great thing is that they are still using it with full confidence and faith. Thank you very much for reading the articles. The vague future of Plastic Eating Organisms (PEO) project : Two years after the discovery of Plastic bug Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved Today is 26th August, 2003. Now two years have passed after the discovery of Plastic bug. The Plastic eating insects are now engaged in preparation to come out from the ground after long hibernation. They will remain active from September to hot summer month April. Yesterday during evening walk, I saw many Plastic bugs (in fact it is beetle) along roadside. Possibly due to good rainfall after many years, they have emerged out little earlier. The host plant on which they feed are also emerging from soil. Two years back, when I disclosed the secret of Plastic bugs to the world community through media, I expected that my whole life will be passed in research of these miracle creatures. The common people appreciated this discovery but the scientific community not showed much interest in this important research. I am saying this research as important research because the problem of plastic disposal is world wide and the discovery and further research on this aspect can help us a lot to solve this problem. From last two years, I am not working on this insect in my home laboratory, but continued my research and survey in different parts of Chhattisgarh. Through this article, I would like to describe the progress in this project in last two years. For new readers, who want to know more about this Plastic bug, I suggest them to read my article titled 'Can any insect eat the polythene?' At Botanical.com. This article is a next step of that previous article. With the help of my friends and readers, I surveyed 16 districts of Chhattisgarh in order to know the extent of natural occurrence of Plastic bug in these districts. The results are encouraging. We have observed this Plastic bug in all 16 districts in nature with its host plant. Its host plant occur as wasteland weed in Chhattisgarh and both occurs in same season. In Kondagaon region, the Plastic bugs are relatively large in numbers. We are searching the reason for this population. In Durg region, we have noted the less population. In this region, the natives utilize the host plant for various purpose. Possibly due to absence of host plant, the population have decreased drastically. Last year, the Plastic bugs collected from five districts were tested to evaluate its Plastic eating capacity. The Plastic bugs readily consumed the specific amount of polythene carry bags. The Plastic bugs collected from forest areas refused to consume the plastic. In these forest areas, plastic is not dumped. Possibly due to this reason, the insects refused to eat this new material. In Ambikapur city, the volunteer observed the natural feeding of Plastic bug on polythene carry bags at night. We are in process of confirming this observation. I have mentioned in previous article on Plastic bug, that the application of the leaf extract of host plant on polythene carry bags, enhances the feeding rate of Plastic bugs. The volunteers suggested me to prepare different combinations and preparations of plant parts of host plant and identify the best material, that can increase the feed rate upto the maximum. This is positive sign that the Plastic bug is present in all parts of Chhattisgarh. Due to the new assignment related to documentation of traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs found in Chhattisgarh, now it is nearly impossible for me to continue further work on Plastic bugs and also to run the Plastic Eating Organisms project. Now, I am planning to donate this discovery as gift to any research institution committed for the real development of world community. I have yet not disclosed its identity to the scientific community. My family members, friends, the traditional healers and volunteers have seen its feeding on polythene sheets several times. As I do not disclose the secrets of the healers, they are also not willing to tell the secrets of Plastic bugs to anybody. Both I and the Plastic bug, are the parts of the world. I personally feel that through this donation to reputed organization, the research on this important aspect will proceed in right direction and this discovery can be used for the world community. Through Botanical.com I am announcing this proposal and expecting the responses from the enthusiastic researchers and the organizations; around the world. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used as natural appetizer in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The natives and traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use over 45 herbs and herbal formulations as Natural appetizer. The use of soup before meals is not in existence in this part of the world. During the National Workshop on Safed Musli, the millennium crop held at hotel Chidambara International at Raipur city on 11th June, 2003, when the soups were served by mistake to the traditional healers, came from interior parts to attend the workshop on our request, showed keen interest and when I told them that this is good appetizer they replied, if interested they can prepare many such soups using local herbs. Similarly, when we served vegetable sandwich to them in morning breakfast with tea, they again took objection by saying that it is not a nutritious breakfast. There were interesting interactions and discussion between the staff of this star hotel and the healers on the nutritive values of the food served. Later the management decided to start a separate section for the promotion of herbal preparations of Chhattisgarh. This incidence motivated me to sort out the information present in the field diaries noted during the ethnobotanical surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh. In this article, I am giving these details. The traditional healers of Southern parts of Chhattisgarh use the Neem bark as appetizer. They collect the bark and dry it in shade. After drying it is converted into powder. One fistful of powdered bark is mixed in half liters of water. This solution is boiled and decoction is prepared. After cooling, two teaspoonful of Shahad (Honey) is added in this decoction and the natives are suggested to take the decoction every morning empty stomach. The natives of this part of Chhattisgarh prepare special chutney by using fresh Imli leaves (Tamarind). This part is well known for natural population of Imli trees. Imli is one of the important non-wood forest produces of Chhattisgarh. The chutney is served with meals. According to the natives, this delicious chutney helps in increasing the natural appetite. Since childhood, I am using Laung-Shahad for throat problems. During ethnobotanical surveys in Kanker region, the traditional healers informed that it is a promising appetizer also. To prepare this combination, Laung (Clove) is roasted and powdered. Laung powder with Shahad (Honey) is given internally as appetizer. As it is simple to prepare the combination, and there are many additional benefits, this combination is very popular among the natives also. In general, the traditional healers suggest the patients to include Papita (Papaya) as fruit in their routine life. It is considered as good appetizer. Although many natives are not aware of its medicinal properties and uses but they use it for its delicious fruits. Papita is under cultivation as fruit crop in Chhattisgarh. The traditional healers also suggest the use of many herbs as curry or vegetable for this purpose. The name of Munga fruits (Moringa oleifera) is in top. The vegetable prepared by using Munga fruits is very popular in Chhattisgarh. The healers informed that it is not only rich in iron but also acts as good appetizer. The name of Methi (Fenugreek) is in second order. We are aware of effects of Tomato soup, the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh recommend the use of whole Tomato (locally Tamatar) fruit for this purpose. Tomato is an integral part of many curries in Chhattisgarh. The natives eat raw Tomatoes with meals also. According to the healers all these preparations help in increasing the appetite. The natives of Chhattisgarh Plains, use Lason chutney during meals as appetizer. This Lason (Garlic) chutney is considered promising for heart patients also. For taste, many other herbs are added in this chutney. The natives of Northern parts of Chhattisgarh use Ajwain as appetizer. This use is common in almost every part but the natives of Northern parts use it more commonly. The method of use is simple. One teaspoonful of Ajwain is taken with a cup of lukewarm water. This use is preferred in rainy season. The scientific name of Ajwain is Carum copticum. I have mentioned the uses of other herbs like Adrak, Aonla, Nimbu etc. in my previous article. I am not repeating it here. Most of the above mentioned herbs are already in use. This is the reason; the natives do not show interest in additional natural appetizer. The healers of Chhattisgarh truly say 'That there is no promising appetizer to hard work and regular life'. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of Urticaria in Chhattisgarh, India. : The results of recently conducted surveys Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved Urticaria is locally known as Shit-Pitti, Pitti or Chhappaki, In general, the traditional healers recommend the use of Haldi (Turmeric) powder and Gud (Jaggery) in treatment of Urticaria. Many patented formulations having this combination are available in local markets. I have written a lot on this combination, also on other herbs used in treatment of Urticaria in previous articles. In present article, I am giving the details of tradition uses noted during recent surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh, India. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use common herbs both internally and externally in treatment of Urticaria. In general, they suggest the patients to regularize the life style. According to them, this disease is a result of poor co-ordination among different vital organs. The healers give emphasis in treatment of constipation at first. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains, suggest the patients to massage the body with Sarson Tel (Mustard oil) and after massage, take both with lukewarm water. This treatment is continued during the time of severe attack also. Like Haldi, the traditional healers of Southern Chhattisgarh use the seeds of Chironji (Buchanania lanzan) internally in treatment of Urticaria. During attack, the half teaspoonful of seeds is given four times a day. It is considered as one of the promising treatments. In normal days, the patients are advised to include this forest produce in their routine life. According to the healers, the regular intake of Chironji helps in prevention of further attacks. The natives prepare different sweet preparations using the seeds. The healers informed that these delicious preparations can also serve the purpose. Chironji or Char is one of the well known non-wood forest produces of Chhattisgarh. The traditional healers of Sirsa rich areas of Chhattisgarh use the Sirsa flowers both internally and externally in treatment of Urticaria. Externally, the fresh juice of flower is applied in affected parts. Internally freshly crushed flowers are given with Shahad (Honey). The regular use of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) seeds is also considered as promising in prevention of attack. It is used in treatment during attack also. The healers of Rajnandgaon region use the extract of Gulab flowers externally for the same purpose. They prefer indigenous varieties of Gulab (Desi Gulab). Gulab is known as Rose in English. The healers prepare Gulkand by using Gulab Petals. This Gulkand is considered as a boon for the patients having the problem of Urticaria. The use of Pan leaf juice (Pipper betle) is also common in Chhattisgarh. The healers of Bagbahera region, suggest the patients to increase the intake of cold milk (cow milk) and whey. According to them its use removes extra heat from the body. The traditional healer of Mudpar village Shri Hanumat Prasad Verma informed me that the seeds of Ajwain can be used in treatment of Urticaria. The method of use is simple. One teaspoonful seed boiled in water and decoction is prepared. After cooling, Gud (Jaggery) is added and patients are advised to take this decoction. He also suggests the use of Kamhar fruits (Gmelina sp.) The fruits are boiled in milk and given internally to the patients. Kamhar is common tree in Chhattisgarh. In previous article, I have mentioned the use of Kulthi in treatment of Renal calculi. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh consider the Kulthi seeds beneficial in treatment of Urticaria. It is used in different ways but in general, the powdered seeds are given internally with Gud (Jaggery). I have tried many of the above mentioned herbs and herbal formulations successfully. The traditional healers do not consider this trouble as a serious trouble. They give emphasis on complete and systematic treatment. This is the reason, they instruct the patients to use the herbs till complete cure so that the problem can never repeat. Thank you very much for reading the article. Effects of Mars on activities of some insects and mites Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved Mars, the Red planet and Earth passed closer together than at any time in almost 60,000 years during Wednesday mid night and Thursday morning (27 - 28 Aug. 2003). After getting encouraging results from the study titled "Effect of Total Solar Eclipse on activities of some insects and mites" conducted on 11 August, 1999, we decided to conduct the same experiment using selected species of insects and mites : As Mars has never came so closer to the Earth in 60,000 years, we have yet not found reference of scientific studies conducted on this aspect. The studies were conducted to know the effects on (1) behavioural changes (2) and feeding activities. Like the study on solar Eclipse, the present studies were focused on Mexican beetle (Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister), Tortoise beetle (Aspidomorpha miliaris F.), Lady bird beetle (Coccinella septumpunctata Linn.), Blumea leaf beetle (Chrysolina madrasae Jackoby) and Red velvet mite (Trombidium grandissimum Koch). Fifty adults of the beetles were kept in plastic jars partially filled with soil in direct exposure (i.e. Under open sky) and indirect exposure (i.e. inside the laboratory). The experiments were replicated thrice. During studies, the sky was covered with clouds and frequent rains were there, but we continued the observations whole right till the morning of 28th August, 2003. In another experiment, these beetles were kept with different feeding materials in order to study the effects of Mars on feeding habits. During the time period (i.e. whole night) we have not observed any abnormal activities of all selected insects. Surprisingly, we have observed gradual death of many Trombidium mites. Average 30 mites died in each jar. This observation was common in all jars having direct or indirect exposure. At present, we have no scientific explanation for this sudden death. We kept the bodies of mites safely for further investigation. An abnormal behaviour of other mites individual, was also observed. We are contacting different researchers with the findings. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of Insomnia in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The use of Sarpgandha (Rauvolfia serpentina) root powder in treatment of Insomnia is well documented. In Chhattisgarh, two species of Sarpgandha are reported. Rauvolfia serpentina and R. tetraphylla. This was new information for me that the traditional healers use both species in treatment of Insomnia. I have observed natural population of R. tetraphylla in Southern Chhattisgarh. The patients are advised to take root powder with butter (Makkhan) before going to bed. As overdose can cause complications, the patients use root powder under supervision of the traditional healers. Both species of Sarpgandha are under cultivation also in different parts of Chhattisgarh. The healers prefer naturally occurring Sarpgandha herbs for the preparation of herbal formulations. Like the root powder of Sarpgandha, the traditional healers of Asgandh reach (Withania somnifera) region use the root powder of Asgandh in treatment of Insomnia. I have mentioned it in my previous articles that in many parts of Chhattisgarh Asgandh occurs in wild. The root powder is used in similar manner as the Sarpgandha roots. As over-dose of Asgandh is not as problematic as the Sarpgandha roots, the natives use it without taking advise of the healers. Asgandh is also under cultivation in Chhattisgarh The roots of cultivated crop are also used by the natives. The use of freshly harvested Dhania herb is very common among the natives of Chhattisgarh Plains. It is used as popular home remedy in treatment of Insomnia. The patients are advised to take fresh juice internally with water and sugar. In many parts of Chhattisgarh, the juice is applied externally on soles of legs for same purpose. Dhania (Coriander) is under cultivation as horticulture crop in Chhattisgarh. The traditional healers of Bilaspur region use the sprouts of Andi (Ricinus communis) in treatment. The sprouts are mixed in cow milk and an aqueous paste is prepared. This paste is applied externally on foreheads and near the ears. According to the healers, this simple treatment is having the capacity to treat this trouble effectively. The traditional healers of Bhopal patnam region recommend the use of Hadjod in treatment. Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis) is well known herb used in treatment of bone-fractures. The healers suggest the patients to take, fleshy stem with Gud (Jaggery) to get rid from this trouble. The natives of many parts of Chhattisgarh prepare special sweet dish using Hadjod stem and use it for the same purpose. In reference literatures, the use of many species of ornamental Cactus species is mentioned for treatment of Insomnia. It is common belief among natives that the regular intake of Piaz (Onion) during meals in different forms helps the body in getting sound sleep. The natives use it frequently during hot summer days. The regular use of Piaz during hot summer days helps in protection against high atmospheric temperature. In other seasons, the natives use Mooli (Radish) similarly as Piaz. Both Piaz and Mooli are under cultivation as vegetable crop in Chhattisgarh. The natives believe that the patients having the problem of Insomnia must prefer buffalo milk as compared to cow milk and use it in large quantities. According to them, buffalo milk helps in getting good sleep. The problem of Insomnia is not significant in rural and forest areas of Chhattisgarh where the natives do hard work in their routine life. The natives living in urban areas are facing this problem. The number of affected natives is increasing very rapidly. Now the natives of urban areas are well aware of side effects of common synthetic drugs available in markets. The queue of patients having faith in traditional cure is increasing. This is positive sign that now the patients can get side effects free treatment having natural herbs collected from surroundings. Thank you very much for reading the article. Some popular home remedies used in treatment of Obesity in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved Like other parts of India, 'Sattu' is well known preparation in Chhattisgarh. It is prepared by mixing Gram (Chickpea) flour and Jau (Barley) in different preparations. In early days, Sattu was the good breakfast for the travelers. The herb collectors still keep Sattu powder with them during visits to forests for the collection of herbs. The combination of Gram and Jau is considered best from nutrition point of view. During recent ethnobotanical surveys, I got interesting information related to Sattu. According to the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh, Sattu helps in reducing extra fat from body and in this way, it is a boon for the patients having the problem of obesity. According to the healers, it can be used as promising substitute to meals, atleast one time. Sattu is free from fat. The natives add sugar in Sattu powder but it can be avoided or quantity can be minimized. As Homoeopathic drug Calotropis gigantea can be used successfully in treatment of obesity. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh are not aware of use of this wasteland herb in crude form for this purpose. As you know, Chhattisgarh is known as 'Rice bowl of India '. Living with rice since generations, the natives are well aware of its different medicinal uses. The natives use the remains of boiled rice as remedy for obesity. It is locally known as Pasia. Pasia is given internally. It is common belief among natives that its regular intake helps in reducing the extra fat without decreasing the stamina and strength. A well known herbal combination Triphala is also used for the same purpose. The natives and traditional healers collect the Aonla (Phyllanthus emblica), Harra (Terminalia chebula) and Bahera (Terminalia bellirica) fruits in different proportions (mostly in equal proportion) and mix it with the help of pulveriser. This powder is known as Triphala (Tri-Three; Phala; fruits). Two teaspoonful of Triphala powder is boiled in a glass of water and the natives having the problem of obesity are advised to take the decoction. It is considered as one of the promising treatments. This decoction also helps in eliminating the problem of constipation. It is common belief among natives that the use of Sonth (dried Ginger) in any form, helps a lot in reducing extra body fat. This is the reason the natives use it in different preparations. Sonth is considered useful in treatment of other common diseases. Like Sonth, Methi is also considered useful for obesity. The natives use the green herb of Methi as vegetable. Its regular use helps in reducing the fat. The decoction of Methi (Fenugreek) seeds is also considered promising for the same purpose. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh, suggest the natives having the problem of Obesity to eat more and more Mooli (Radish) roots and leaves during cropping season. According to them, its regular consumption helps in great way to reduce the fat. In the previous articles, I have written a lot on use of herbs and herbal formulations in treatment of Obesity. This article is a supplement to previous articles. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used as home remedies in treatment of Acnes in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The natives of Koha rich areas of Chhattisgarh use the barks of Koha externally in treatment of Acnes. The barks are collected and with the help of water, an aqueous paste is prepared. The natives having the problem of Acnes are advised to apply the aqueous paste daily till complete cure. The traditional healers of this region give emphasis on internal use of Koha bark also. The bark is dipped in water whole night and next morning, the leachate is given internally empty stomach. According to the healers both internal and external use cures the troubles effectively and in less time. Koha bark is also popularly used by the heart patients. It is used internally to heal the bone fractures. Koha is a common tree in Chhattisgarh particularly in Chhattisgarh Plains. Its scientific name is Terminalia arjuna. For its botany, traditional and reported medicinal uses, I suggest you to read the previous articles. The natives and traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use many herbs like Koha barks as home remedies in treatment of Acnes. I have written a lot on this important aspect in previous articles. This article is a supplement to previous article. The natives use the juice of Onion (Piaz) bulbs and seeds externally as home remedy. The freshly extracted juice is applied twice a day. Once in a week, the seeds are used. The seeds are mixed in cow milk and an aqueous paste is prepared. This paste is applied externally on Acnes. I would like to mention here that this aqueous paste is consider as promising Hair tonic also. Its regular use stops the hair fall and premature graying. The seeds of Chironji or Char are used for the same purpose by the natives in different ways. In general, the seeds are mixed in water and paste is applied externally on Acnes. Many natives use fresh butter (Makkhan) in place of water. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains suggest the use of Rose water (Gulab Jal) in place of water or butter, for better results. Chironji is well known non-wood forests produce of Chhattisgarh. Its scientific name is Buchanania lanzan. In many parts of Chhattisgarh, it occurs naturally. The seeds are easily available in local herb shops also. The use of Alu is also very common. The natives use both raw and boiled Alu tubers (Solanum tuberosum) in treatment of Acnes. The fresh juice of raw Alu is applied once in a week whereas the peels of boiled Alu are applied once in a day. According to the natives, its regular use not only cures the Acnes but also acts as preventive. Alu is under cultivation as vegetable crop in Chhattisgarh. In treatment of Acnes, both fresh and dried Dhania herb is used externally. The fresh juice of Dhania herb is applied externally whereas the dried herb is mixed with glycerin in the ratio of 1:2 and used. The use of fresh juice is considered best but as the use of pesticides is common in commercial production of Dhania (Coriander), the natives avoid its use. During starting of rainy season, the natives of Chhattisgarh Plains never miss a chance to use Neem fruits externally in treatment of Acnes. It is common belief among the natives that internal use of Neem leaves as blood purifier and external use of Neem fruit paste are enough powerful to avoid this problem round the year. Among the home remedies for Acnes, the use of Ajwain seeds is also very common. The natives of different parts of Chhattisgarh use it in different ways. I am describing the popular method. The seeds of Ajwain (Carum copticum) are mixed in fresh curd. Four teaspoonfuls of Ajwain seeds and two teaspoonful of curd are used. This solution is applied on face and after drying, it is washed. It is considered one of the promising treatments. From last decade, the use of home remedies in treatment of Acnes has increased as the youths are now becoming more attentive towards good looking. The long list of traditional uses of herbs has given a freedom to them to choose simple as well as effective formulation. The home remedies are more popular among youths as compared to patented creams for this problem. The traditional healers suggest the youths to give more emphasis on blood purification and regular life. According to them, alone external applications are not enough to root out the troubles. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of hypotension in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved While searching the field diaries having information's regarding ethnobotanical surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh, I got little information on common herbs used in treatment of hypotension by the natives and traditional healers of Chhattisgarh. In present article, I am giving the details. These information have yet not been available in form of written documents. This article is the first written document on this aspect. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains use the Lason in treatment of hypotension in different ways. The traditional healer of Mudpar village Shri Hanumat Prasad Verma gave me the details. About half kg. Of Lason is taken and after peeling it is dried under open sky upto five days. After this drying, Lason is dipped in Shahad (Honey). This combination is kept as such again under open sky upto a month. After completion of this duration, Lason is collected and stored for future use. In general, he recommends two cloves of Lason (Garlic) twice a day with a cup of lukewarm cow milk. It is considered as one of the promising treatments for hypotension. The treatment is continued till complete cure. You will be surprised to know that same herb can be used by adopting different preparation methods in treatment of hypertension. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains use the fresh juice with Shahad for the same purpose. In general, 15 drops of Lason are mixed with a teaspoonful of Shahad (Honey) and given thrice a day. It is considered as less effective treatment as compared to the early described one. The natives use Piaz as home remedy for hypotension. It is common belief among them that Piaz juice is capable of flushing out all the toxic materials from human body and in this way, it helps a lot to manage the problem of hypotension. The scientific name of Piaz is Allium cepa. Chandni (Tabernaemontana divaricata syn. Ervatamia corondria) based herbal formulations are also in use in treatment of hypotension. It is not native to Chhattisgarh. It is planted as ornamental shrub in home gardens. This is really surprising that the traditional healers of the state are well aware of its different medicinal uses. They prepare many formulations and use it in treatment. From my Guru Shri Vishal Bharat, I got information on an important formulation. By mixing, the Petals of Chandni and Gulab (Rosa indica) flowers in equal proportion he was preparing special combination, and using it in treatment of hypotension successfully. Many healers use the petals of Kusum (Carthamus tinctorius) for the same purpose. The above mentioned traditional uses are less in number but all uses are promising. I have seen its practical uses many times. Through the on-going ethnobotanical surveys, we are trying hard to gather more information on this important aspect. I will write more on herbs having capacity to manage hypotension, in my future articles. Thank you very much for reading the article. The views and comments of Chhattisgarh natives on on-going project on documentation of traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and insects Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved On 15th August, 2003, the 56th Independence day of India, Raipur based social organization City Jaycees (Raipur Chapter) decided to honour five persons from different fields who have contributed for the society. Fortunately, I was also among these selected persons. The others are Mr. Chopra, well known body-builder of the state, Mr. Naveen Jindal, young and enthusiastic industrialist, one sportsman and one artist. I was wondering about my selection. In Raipur, very few natives use the internet in true sense. The regular surfers having interest in herbs are aware of my documentation work and articles. The members of selection committee informed that they got details about my work accidentally when they are searching the information on medicinal herbs of Chhattisgarh. I was happy from this news about my selection. In our science field, in general, the workers get recognition and honour after death. The ceremony was excellent and the members and chief guest of the ceremony honoured me with bouquet and momento. After this honour, they invited me to deliver a small speech with details regarding my documentation work. The time allotted was 10 minutes. I started my speech. I was aware that ten minutes are not enough. You will be surprised to know that the audience continuously listened my speech upto one and half hour. When I informed them regarding the valuable knowledge about common herbs, our traditional healers have, they got surprised and asked many interesting questions. I explained the necessity of documentation and also how many organizations active in the state are transferring this valuable knowledge in wrong hands. One of them asked why only you are doing the documentation? Why all researchers are not doing this important work? I replied, what I can do, I am doing. It is bare fact that the other researchers of the state are not understanding the importance of this documentation. But how can I convince them? The audience supported the on-going documentation work whole heartedly. Every time when I visit to meet the traditional healers, I never miss to inform them that the information collected from them will be documented. They are well aware of my project. Many healers instruct clearly not to disclose specific formulations. I follow it strictly. It is common observation now a days, that the youths are not taking much interest in traditional knowledge. This is the reason the traditional healers are in dilemma. If they do not transfer the knowledge to their young generations, then knowledge will be ended with them. After understanding the clear objectives of documentation, in majority of the cases they get ready to disclose the secrets. Aware of my documentation work, many natives make frequent phone calls to me with their health problems. Due to the nature of my work, I am aware of many promising treatments of common trouble but I try to avoid this and suggest them to meet the healers directly. In India, there are many languages and dialects. English is not a language of common person. One of my dreams is to translate the articles available at Botanical.com in different languages and dialects, so that the valuable knowledge can be disseminated in true sense. I am seeking the help and assistance of language experts in this regard. After reading my articles at Botanical.com, the officers of All India Radio, invited me for fifteen minutes interview in their popular science programme 'Vigyan Lok (Science world)'. This mode of communication is very popular among natives. Through this interview, the officers gave me opportunity to tell the natives about the on-going documentation work. Encouraged by the interview, the officers offered me to write the special series on traditional healers and herb growers of Chhattisgarh. We are expecting that by this special programme, we can give more honour to the traditional healers and herb growers. Although I am writing articles in hurry, as I feel this small life is not enough to document all the available traditional knowledge but now I am feeling that without the support of different natives specially the educated natives, it is very difficult to achieve the target of documentation in true sense. The encouraging and homely responses of common natives aware of the documentation work are motivating me to continue the work. Yesterday, I visited Narharpur region for survey. Due to excessive rainfall, the road of Madham Silli dam was blocked, and it was nearly impossible to cross the flooded bridge with our vehicle. Our driver suggested to pass over the nearby dam but warned that it is very difficult to get the permission. We reached their and as expected, the guard refused to open the gate. I approached to the officer and gave my introduction. Suddenly he recognized me and said, I am aware of your work on Chhattisgarh herbs through local news papers: he further told me that today morning, he listened the interview from Radio station. After appreciating the ongoing project, he instructed the guard to open the gates and we reached safely to Narharpur region. I am thankful to the Mother Nature for providing me opportunities to conduct these documentation works and surveys in the heaven of the earth, i.e. Chhattisgarh. Thank you very much for reading the article. My experiences and experiments with wonder crop Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) : The details of recent visits to Safed Musli fields of different parts of India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved Today is 31st August, 2003. Yesterday, I visited 53rd Safed Musli farms. My visits were started from 15th June 2003. During these visits, I met many innovative farmers and noted the problems they are facing in cultivation and also asked them to share their experiences with this wonder crop. In present article, I am giving details of my visits for the benefits of new growers as well as other interested farmers. I have visited many Indian states viz. Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat, this season. I have noted that the area under Safed Musli is has increased many folds this year. I would like to use the term Chlorophytum species, instead of Safed Musli here. All of us know that the Chlorophytum species having commercial importance is Chlorophytum borivilianum. You will be surprised to know that in most of the farms I visited, in the name of Safed Musli other wild species of Chlorophytum are under cultivation. Unfortunately, the farmers are not aware of this bare fact. Possibly they were cheated by the seed suppliers. I have identified 6 different species under cultivation. It is very difficult to categorized the regions but in Madhya Pradesh, many farmers are growing Chlorophytum tuberosum whereas in South Indian states, Chlorophytum attenuatum is under cultivation in many locations. I have also observed the mixture of Chlorophytum laxum with Chlorophytum borivilianum. The farmers who have purchased the planting material very late are the main sufferers. They have got the mixture of different species. Unfortunately less than ten percent genuine material. As herb researcher, I feel that it is our responsibility to aware the farmers about this cheating. Through my articles at Botanical.com, I tried my best to write on different aspects of this wonder crop, but the visits to Safed Musli farms clearly revealed that I have to work more sincerely for awareness. Around the world, over 200 species of Safed Musli have been reported. According to the reference literatures, about 13 species are found in India. I want to add here that in place of word 'found', one must write 'identified (so far)' because through ethnobotanical surveys in different parts of Chhattisgarh specially in Bhopalpatnam region, I have collected over 25 unidentified species of Chlorophytum. I am in touch with many international organizations, with the proposal to publish a field guide having simple identification keys and coloured photographs of different species of Chlorophytum so that an average farmer can identify the genuine material without the help of experts. I want to publish it in English as well as in other regional languages. Till the completion of this dream, it is very essential to aware the farmers, planning to purchase the planting material for next season. During this year's visits, I have observed that not only the big farmers but also the marginal and small farmers have started its commercial cultivation. One positive thing is that most of the farmers are adopting organic cultivation practices. Others are using organic inputs with inorganic inputs. I warned many farmers using chemical inputs. After realizing the fact, they promised me to adopt the organic farming practices in future. In general, the farmers are using cow dung manure in sufficient amount before planting. The vermicompost is in use for Top dressing and side dressing. Many farmers are spraying the solution of cow dung and urine as pest control measure every week. In many farms, I have observed severe infestation of fungal diseases. In my previous articles, I have mentioned that many leading Musli farms of India are acting as source for these fungal diseases and as expected, now it is spreading in different parts of India. The use of chemical fungicides is becoming popular to manage the diseases but this is not good sign. These success stories will motivate the growers to adopt more chemical inputs and this will lead to promotion of chemical farming of Safed Musli crop. With the help of green spray, the Chhattisgarh farmers are managing these diseases to some extent but now it is very necessary to develop organic pesticides. Through this article, I would like to request the plant pathologist having faith in organic farming to start research on this important aspect as soon as possible. Due to excessive rainfall in many parts of India, many farmers cultivating this crop in poorly drained soils are in great trouble. Now they are recognizing the importance of recommended Agronomical practices. I have observed higher percentage of disease attack in poorly drained soils. The insect infestation has started in many parts but I have yet not heard the news of heavy infestation in any Musli farms. Many farmers have planted Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) and Genda (Marigold) plants in periphery of Safed Musli fields. Most of them were motivated by my articles explaining the new experiments of innovative herb growers of Chhattisgarh. They are getting not only the protection but also earning additional income. Now the festival days have started in India. The farmers are expecting good returns from Genda flowers. I receive many e-mails daily with query to suggest the Musli farms selling the genuine planting material. Many of them writes to me considering me as a seed supplier. Many readers think that I am representative of any specific firm. I simply reply them that I can help in selection of best planting material. I don’t recommend any specific farm and if you show me the planting material before purchasing, I will try my best to guide you in selection of the best material. I want to suggest the new growers planning for Safed Musli farming in next season that this is a golden time to visit different Safed Musli farms to gather practical experiences. Also I suggest collecting the information on this wonder crop. I am sure that both practical experience and theoretical knowledge together will establish you as successful Safed Musli grower. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of Pyorrhea in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The traditional healers of Semal (Bombax ceiba) rich areas of Chhattisgarh suggest the use of Semal Gond (Gum) externally in treatment of Pyorrhea. The patients are advised to use powdered Gond as toothpowder at least once in a day. It is considered as one of the promising treatments for Pyorrhea. In general, the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh believe that Pyorrhea is a result of poor body resistance and blood impurity. This is the reason they give emphasis on blood purification and making the body healthy. In case of acute trouble, they use specific herbs or herbal formulations. According to the traditional healers the treatment of Pyorrhea takes long time. This is the reason the healers suggest the patients to use herbs as preventive before the starting of trouble. The natural forests of Chhattisgarh are rich in natural population of Khair trees. Many villages and cities are named on the basis of dense population of this tree. The example of Khairagarh is one of the examples. The scientific name of Khair is Acacia catechu. The traditional healers of Khair rich areas of Chhattisgarh use the bark of Khair in treatment of Pyorrhea. It is used both as preventive and curative. The barks are collected and by boiling it in water, a decoction is prepared. The patients are advised to gargle with this decoction in order to get rid from this problem. In general, the patients are advised to gargle with the decoction in every hour. The traditional healers are aware of this fact that the un-scientific collection of Khair bark can result in destruction of trees. This is the reason they take special precaution during collection. In general, they collect the barks by adopting rotational harvesting method. The healers informed me that in early days there was no necessity of using this method but now it is must to adopt the method to save the sufficient trees for future use. Many traditional healers use the Khair bark in different ways. They boil the fresh bark in Sarson (Mustard) oil. When all watery contents evaporate, boiling is stopped. The healers suggest the patients to use the oil to massage the gums gently. As home remedy, the natives of Chhattisgarh Plains, use the fresh juice of Piaz (Onion) bulbs in treatment of Pyorrhea. It is used as gargle. The natives use Lason (Garlic) also successfully in treatment. The eight cloves of Lason bulb are taken and mixed with two teaspoonful of common salt (Namak). This mixture is dried and kept for future use. The natives use this mixture as herbal tooth powder daily morning. As it is effective to great extent, it is very popular among youths also. But youths use it at night before going to sleep instead of its use during morning time. As internal treatment, the traditional healers of Bilaspur region suggest the patients to extract the juice of Gajar (Carrot), Mooli (Radish) and Tamatar (Tomato) and mix it in equal proportion. According to the healers the regular intake of this combination has many health benefits. It is specially beneficial for the patients having the problem of Pyorrhea. As I always mention in my articles that the growers of these vegetables crops use heavy doses of pesticides during its commercial production, the traditional healers are not in favour of using these unhealthy produces for treatment of any disease. From my Guru Shri Vishal Bharat I got important information on use of Gulab flower (Rosa indica) in treatment of Pyorrhea. He was suggesting the patients to eat one flower as such daily in order to get rid from this trouble. The flowers of indigenous species are preferred. My many family friends have tried this use successfully. The traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations useful in treatment of Pyorrhea in Chhattisgarh have yet not available in from of written documentation. This article is first written document on this aspect. I will write more on this aspect in future articles. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of Asthma : The results of recently conducted ethnobotanical surveys in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The traditional healers of Jashpur region of Chhattisgarh use wild Kela (Banana) fruits in treatment of Asthma internally. The method of use is very simple. The matured fruit is taken and after peeling, a small hole is made through the fruit. In this hole, Kali Mirch (Black Pipper) is filled. The fruit filled with Kali Mirch is kept as such whole night. Next morning the fruit is fried with little amount of cow ghee and given to the patients empty stomach. It is considered as one of the promising treatments. According to the traditional healers, cultivated Banana fruits can be used for the same purpose but it is less effective as compared to the wild Banana fruit. This combination is given both at the time of attack and during normal days. Andi (Ricinus communis) is under cultivation as oil seed crop in Chhattisgarh. It occurs as waste land plant also. In many parts of Chhattisgarh, the oil in combination with pure honey (Shahad) is used in treatment of Asthma. But as other promising and cheap alternatives are available, this combination is used less frequently but from documentation point of view it is an important information. From the natives of Dhamtari region, I got information on use of Baheda fruit (Terminalia bellirica) in treatment of Asthma. In my previous articles, I have written a lot on Baheda based herbal formulations used in treatment of Asthma. I am not repeating it in this article. The natives of Dhamtari region use the fruits in unique way. The fruits are dried in shade and converted into fine powder. This powder is mixed in fresh cow urine and small globules are prepared. Two globules twice a day with Shahad are given to the patients as treatment. The traditional healers of Dhamtari region are also well aware of this combination. They prefer goat urine in place of cow urine for more promising effects. I would like to mention here that the urine of black coloured cow or goat is used only. The urine of pregnant cow or goat is avoided. Baheda is well known medicinal tree in Chhattisgarh. The traditional healers of Tendu tree rich areas of Chhattisgarh use Tendu fruit externally in treatment of Asthma. The fruits are dried and rind is removed. The rind is burnt and the patients having the problem of Asthma are advised to inhale the fumes. The fruit is used in this way during acute attack. I have seen its practical use many times. Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon) is a common tree in Chhattisgarh. Its fruits are edible whereas leaves are used for wrapping bidis, the popular smoke of Indians. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains, use the roots of wasteland herb Fudhar (Calotropis gigantea) in treatment of Asthma in combination with fruits of Pippali (Piper longum ) internally. Both herbs are mixed in equal proportion and with the help of Shahad small globules are prepared. These globules are given internally as treatment to the patients. Like Fudhar, Satyanashi is also a common wasteland herb in Chhattisgarh. For the traditional healers it is one of the promising herbs that can be used in treatment of Asthma successfully. Its roots are used internally. The roots are collected and dried in shade. After drying it is converted into powder. Few pinches of root powder with a glass of lukewarm cow milk is given internally as treatment. The roots collected before flowering are considered best by the healers. The scientific name of Satyanashi is Argemone mexicana. The traditional healers of rice growing areas are also aware of use of common herb Bhengra for this purpose. The juice of fresh herb is extracted and after mixing it in base oil, the combination is boiled. When all watery contents evaporate, the oil is collected and stored for future use. This oil is given in little doses internally in treatment of Asthma. According to the healers, one season use of fresh juice in this manner helps the patients as preventive to Asthma. In general, the healers suggest the patients to take Asgandh (Withania somnifera) root powder, one tea spoonful with lukewarm cow milk daily during winter season, in order to develop natural resistance in the body. It is considered as promising in treatment of Asthma also. The traditional healers of Bilaspur region of Chhattisgarh are aware about the use of Bhatkatiya herb (Solanum xanthocarpum) in treatment of Asthma. The juice of whole herb is used internally with Shahad (Honey) for this purpose. From every ethnobotanical survey, I get information on more herbs and herbal formulations. The huge list of herbs is still increasing. It seems that the traditional medicinal knowledge about herbs are enough to provide relief to the natives of whole world. Thank you very much for reading the article. Are two crops of Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) possible in a year? Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved This is a million dollar question. The Indian farmers and researchers are in search of methods through which the dormancy of Safed Musli can be broken. At present, a single crop of Safed Musli is possible in one year. The planting of Safed Musli starts in June (in many places from May) and within four months it completes its life cycle. After completion of life cycle, the tubers of Safed Musli remain inside the soil in dormant condition and next year when favourable conditions occur in May-June, it sprouts again. As its duration is only four months, three crops of Safed Musli are possible, if we ignore the problem of dormancy for sometimes. Two crops in a year can be taken easily in this case. I am not aware about any research organization of India engaged in research on this important aspect. When I visit to Safed Musli farms, the innovative growers always suggest me to search some Jadui formulations to break the dormancy of Safed Musli. I asked this question to the senior traditional healers. They replied what is the necessity of more than one crop in a year? If nature has fixed it, try to maintain it in natural way. Who knows that the off-season cultivation of Safed Musli can give birth to lethal properties in it ? The Traditional healers are very true. As I always write the commercial cultivation of herbs is not recommended in ancient Indian literatures. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh are also not in favour of cultivation. They say if cultivation is very necessary, try to cultivate the herbs in natural ways ? Don’t grow the herbs like commercial cash crops? As herb researchers, I am trying hard to develop the promising solutions that can break the dormancy of Safed Musli tubers. As I have mentioned in previous articles, that many species of Safed Musli (Chlorophytum) occur naturally in dense forests of Chhattisgarh and with the help of innovative Musli growers, we are maintaining the germplasm of this wonder herb in field gene banks. When I studied the behaviour and growth habit of these wild species, I observed many interesting things. You will be surprised to know that the problem of dormancy is not a big problem. Many wild species of Chlorophytum can be germinated in so called off-season by giving favourable conditions. Unfortunately, the species of commercial importance i.e. Chlorophytum borivilianum is not among these unique species. Most of these species is still not identified. Over 200 species of Chlorophytum have been reported world wide. The species, we have collected from forests are not similar to these described species. I personally feel that these unique species can be used through improved breeding programme in development of dormancy free Safed Musli varieties. The unique species possess medicinal properties. The tribal use the leaves as pot herb whereas the traditional healers use its tubers as other species. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh always say that besides atmospheric conditions, the herbs and big trees present in surroundings play vital role in breaking the dormancy of any specific herb. When season passes, along with specific herb, the herbs present in surroundings, particularly the ground flora also changes, and the new herbs have no capacity to break the dormancy again. I am thankful to the mother nature and the God for providing me opportunity to conduct detailed research on Allelopathy. The quotes of the traditional healers motivated me to study the allelopathic effects of common herbs present in surroundings of Safed Musli herb in natural habitat on Safed Musli herb. At first, I prepared the list of herbs present in surroundings by frequent visits to dense forests. After listing, the detailed studies were started both in laboratory and field conditions. The studies are still in progress. The results of initial studies were eye opening. The traditional healers were true. The initial studies revealed that the extracts and leachate of herbs present in surroundings possess unknown chemicals that can stimulate the germination or sprouting of tubers. When I provided both favourable atmospheric conditions and mixture of natural chemicals to above mentioned unique wild species, the dormancy broke within no time. The species of Safed Musli having commercial importance i.e. Chlorophytum borivilianum is not native to Chhattisgarh. This is bad luck for me that I can not study this species in its natural habitat. Through this article I would like to request the researchers and scientists of areas where C. borivilianum occurs naturally, to list out the natural herbs present in surroundings and conduct similar experiments. I am confident that they will discover the promising combination of natural chemical within short time. With the help of natives living in such areas, I have tried to list out some common herbs. Many of these herbs are common in natural forests of Chhattisgarh also. I have tried many new herbs in on going experiments and got very little success in breaking the dormancy of Chlorophytum borivilianum species. I am expecting some promising results in next 6-8 months. This is really challenging research. I would like to request the young researchers to focus their studies on this aspect. The discovery of the promising combination of natural chemicals can help the Musli growers to the great extent in order to fulfill the world demand of Safed Musli. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of Fatigue in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved Through the ethnobotanical surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh, I have noted many interesting information on herbs useful in treatment of Fatigue. The herb collectors of Chhattisgarh, eat many wild fruits during their visits to dense forests in order to get rid from fatigue. During rainy season, the herb collectors use different species of wild Mushrooms for this purpose. I have mentioned in my previous article that how the leaves, floss and whole herb of Nirgundi (Vitex negundo), Fudhar (Calotropis gigantea) and Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) are used by the natives of tribal belts for this trouble. In Chhattisgarh Plains, the natives consume Mahua fruits for instant energy. Although Angoor is not a native to Chhattisgarh but the natives use Kishmish (dry Grapes) internally. The Kishmish is dipped in water whole night and next morning the swollen fruits are given to get rid from Fatigue. In general, the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh suggest the natives engaged in heavy work to consume the curry prepared from Methi leaves (Fenugreek). According to them its regular consumption prevents the fatigue and associated troubles. The natives of Bagbahera region use Aonla fruit powder and dry Dhania powder for this purpose. One teaspoonful of Aonla (Phyllanthus emblica) powder and half tea spoonful of Dhania (Coriander) powder are mixed in a glass of water and given internally. It is considered as one of the promising treatments. The traditional healers prepare different types of herbal oils for massage. I have collected the information on over 155 such herbal oils in Chhattisgarh. To prepare these oils, the healers adopt similar methods. The herbs or herbal mixture are mixed in base oil and allowed to boil. When all the watery contents evaporate, the boiling is stopped and oil is stored for future use. According to the traditional healers, both the contents of oil and way of massaging are equally important. In Chhattisgarh, most of the healers engaged in preparation of these herbal oils prefer its use under their supervision. The natives of Northern Chhattisgarh consider the common herb Lason (Garlic) very effective in treatment of fatigue. The Lason cloves are given internally one in every hour till complete relief. The use of Babool Gond (Gum Arabic) is also popular for this purpose in many parts of Chhattisgarh specially in Chhattisgarh Plains. Babool (Acacia nilotica) is one of the important non-wood forest produces of Chhattisgarh. It has both industrial and medicinal importance and uses. To use this Gond in treatment, the Gond is fried with the help of cow ghee. After frying, the Gond swells. The double amount of sugar is added in swollen Gond and this combination is stored for future use. The specific quantity of this combination is given to the persons having the problem of fatigue. Its popularity in the region clearly indicates its effectiveness. The natives of Parsa tree (Butea monosperma) rich areas of Chhattisgarh use its Gond like Babool Gond. It is a matter of scientific investigation and research that which one is more effective. The traditional healers have simple answer. The natives of Babool rich areas must use Babool Gond and the natives of Parsa rich areas must use Parsa Gond. Many healers suggest the addition of Char (Buchanania lanzan) in these preparations to make it more effective. The traditional healers of Narharpur region recommend the use of Bael (Aegle marmelos) leaves. The juice is extracted and after adding sugar for taste, it is given internally for instant relief. The use of above mentioned herbs and herbal combinations is very popular among natives and traditional healers. As they have to work regularly and there is no provision of French leave, these herbs and herbal combinations help them a lot to get rid from fatigue. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of constipation : The results of recent ethnobotanical surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The problem of constipation is universal problem. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh believe that constipation is the root cause of many health problems. They give special emphasis on treatment of constipation before starting the treatment of specific diseases. The detailed surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh revealed that both the natives and traditional healers are well aware of herbs and herbal combinations useful in treatment of constipation. I have written a lot on this aspect in previous articles. This article is a supplement to these articles. The traditional healers of Bastar region use the fruits of Imli in interesting way. They collect one kg of Imli fruits and dip it in two liters of water. This solution is kept on fire. When half quantity (of initial quantity) of solution remains, they add two kgs of sugar in the solution. After completion of this process, solution is collected and stored for future use. According to the traditional healers this herbal solution is a boon for the patients having the problem of constipation. The patients are advised to use this solution diluted with normal water internally daily before going to bed. The treatment is continued till complete cure. Bastar region is well known for natural population of Imli (Tamarind) trees. Most of the healers suggest the patients to use this solution at night but many healers recommend its use during morning time, when stomach is empty. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains use the herb named Fudhar in treatment of constipation. The root bark of Fudhar is used for this purpose. The healers prefer white flowered species for the collection of roots. The healers of different parts use Fudhar root bark in different ways. In general, it is used with Kali Mirch (Black Pipper). Both herbs are mixed in equal proportion and converted into powder. The healers keep this powder with them for future use. The patients are advised to take half teaspoonful of powder with lukewarm water daily night to get rid from constipation. The healers informed that it is used upto a month and in majority of cases, this simple use treats the patients in effective ways. The scientific name of Fudhar is Calotropis gigantea. It is common wasteland herb in Chhattisgarh. The natives of Chhattisgarh Plains use Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaves in treatment of constipation. They suggest the patients to eat more and more fresh leaves daily in order to get rid from this trouble. Many natives consume the leaves with a piece of Adrak (Ginger) or rock salt. In general, about 50 leaves a day are recommended by the healers. The insect and disease free leaves are used for this purpose. In Chhattisgarh, many species of Tulsi occur naturally but the natives use only Ocimum sanctum for this purpose. The traditional healers of Bagbahera region use the seeds of Sirsa and fruits of Harra in treatment of constipation. Both seeds and fruits are powdered and mixed in equal proportion. One teaspoonful of this mixture is given to the patients two hours after the dinner with lukewarm water. It is given upto fifteen days only. It is considered as one of the promising treatments. Both Sirsa (Albizia lebbeck) and Harra (Terminalia chebula) are common medicinal trees in Chhattisgarh. In previous article, I have mentioned many Harra based herbal formulations including Triphala used in treatment of constipation. I am not repeating it again in this article. It is common belief among the natives of Chhattisgarh that the intake of Saunf (Foeniculum vulgare) after meals helps in its digestion and prevents the problem of constipation. The natives are aware of these beneficial effects. This is the reason you will find Saunf in almost every home in Chhattisgarh. I am describing its botany in brief. According reference literatures, Saunf is a tall glabrous, dark green, annual herb having height upto one meter; Leaves decompound, ultimate segments linear; Flowers in large umbels, bracts and bracteoles absent, yellow; Fruits ellipsoid, ridges, prominent, furrows vittate, carpophore two-partite. The traditional healers of Pendra region use the fruits of Pipal (Ficus religiosa) in treatment of constipation. The fruits are collected and dried in shade. After drying it is converted into powder. Few pinches of powder mixed with a glass of lukewarm cow milk is given to the patients. Besides its utility in treatment of constipation, it is considered as promising sex tonic. The recent surveys revealed that the natives and traditional healers of Chhattisgarh have rich traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations useful in treatment of constipation. The most important observation is that they are still using it with confidence and faith. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of Burns : The results of recent ethnobotanical surveys conducted in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh specialized in treatment of Burns always keep the ash of Pipal branches. The ash mixed with cow ghee is applied externally on affected parts immediately as first aid measure. It stops the process of blister formation. This is simple as well as promising method but this is really surprising that this use is limited to few traditional healers only. The natives are not aware of this simple use. The popularity of this use among the healers clearly indicates its effectiveness. Pipal (Ficus religiosa) is a common tree in Chhattisgarh and it is not difficult to prepare this combination. The traditional healers and natives of Bhopalpatnam region use the fleshy stem of Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis) externally for the same purpose. It is popular among house wives. This is the reason; the natives plant this herb in home gardens. Hadjod is used both internally and externally in treatment of many common diseases also. The natives of Semal tree rich areas of Chhattisgarh use the floss (Rui) of Semal in treatment of burns. The floss is dipped in water and applied externally on affected parts in form of paste. It is considered as one of the promising treatments. The scientific name of Semal is Bombax ceiba. The traditional healers of Southern Chhattisgarh always keep dry fruit powder of Bael (Aegle marmelos) with them. This powder is used for many purposes including in treatment of burns. In treatment, fruit powder is used with Sarson ka Tel (Mustard oil). One part of fruit powder and two parts of Mustard oil are mixed. In case of burns, the combination is applied externally. The healers always suggest the patients particularly to the house wives to keep this useful combination with them. The natural forests of Chhattisgarh are well known for rich population of Bael trees. The use of Piaz as first aid remedy is very common among housewives in Chhattisgarh Plains. The raw juice is applied directly in affected parts without any delay. Being used as vegetable and spice, Piaz is always present in normal kitchen. The natives continue the application of Piaz (Onion) juice till complete cure. From my grandfather's diary, I got information on use of Hari Mirch (Capsicum annum) fruits in treatment of Burns. The aqueous paste is prepared by mixing fresh Mirch in water and applied directly in affected parts. The use of Mirch in affected parts? It was beyond my imagination but when I tried it in many cases, I got good results. In reference literatures related to different systems of medicine in India, the use of Hari Mirch in treatment of Burns has been mentioned. I am proud to write that the natives are still using it successfully. Like Bael fruit powder, the natives of Chhattisgarh Plains also use the young reddish leaves of Neem with Sarson oil. The combination is boiled and when all watery contents evaporate, boiling is stopped. This oil is kept for future use. In case of burns, it is applied externally. Before ending the article I would like to mention the powerful effects of common table salt (Namak) as first aid remedy. Although it is painful, but the natives apply the table salt directly in affected parts. It is not only very popular use but also the effective use. I have already written a lot on traditional medicinal knowledge and uses of common herbs and herbal combinations in treatment of Burns. This article is a supplement to previous articles. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations used in treatment of Lice and Dandruff : The results of recently conducted ethnobotanical surveys in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The traditional healers of Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon) tree rich areas of Chhattisgarh use the bark of Tendu externally to kill the lice. The healers use the bark in different ways. The most popular way is its use with cow urine. The healers collect the bark and dry it in shade. After drying it is converted into fine powder and stored for future use. When the natives having the problem of lice approach the healers, they give powder to them and suggest them to prepare an aqueous paste by mixing bark powder in cow urine and apply it on hairs, specially at the roots of hairs. After drying, they are instructed to wash the hairs with well water. Many healers prefer the decoction of Tendu bark. The bark is boiled in water and when decoction is prepared, the patients are advised to use it externally. The healers avoid the use of stored decoction. They are also not in favour of using same decoction by warming it again and again. As it is difficult to get fresh bark and to prepare decoction daily, the natives living in urban areas aware of its uses, do not use it. Its use is popular in Tendu rich areas where availability of fresh bark is not a problem. The natives of Bastar region use the fresh fruit pulp of Mainphal for this purpose. The scientific name of Mainphal is Randia dumetorum. The natives of Chhattisgarh Plains use the seeds of Sitaphal in control of lice externally. The seeds are collected and crushed into powder. The powder is mixed in water and hairs are washed with it. The natives use it with special care because the powder is injurious to eyes. Knowing this harmful effect, the natives use this powder less frequently. The scientific name of Sitaphal is annona squamosa. Sitaphal is well known fruit tree in Chhattisgarh. The natives also use another fruit tree Anar (Pomegranate) in same manner. The fruit rind is used for this purpose. The decoction is prepared by boiling dry fruit rind in water and hairs are washed. Like the seed powder of Sitaphal, the natives also take special precaution while using this decoction. Its accidental entry into the eyes is avoided. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains are also aware of this use, they suggest the natives to use aqueous extract of fruit rind in place of decoction for safe use. According to them, the fresh water extract is less effective as compared to the decoction, but by increasing the time of application one can get desirable effect from this extract also. In my previous articles, I have mentioned the traditional uses of Piaz (Onion) bulb juice as hair growth promoter. During recent ethnobotanical surveys, I got information on its use in treatment of Lice also. The juice is applied on hairs and after ten minutes of application, it is washed with the help of water. Due to specific odd smell of Piaz juice, this use is less popular. Like the juice of Piaz, the natives use the juice of Mooli (Radish) in same way. In treatment of dandruff, known as Rusi or Khuski locally, the natives of Chhattisgarh use Methi herb in different ways. The seeds and leaves are used externally. They add one teaspoonful of powdered Methi seeds in half cup of curd and applied on hairs. 15 minutes after the application, hairs are washed with water. In general, the natives use it thrice in a week. It is considered as one of the promising treatments. The natives of many parts of Chhattisgarh use the juice of fresh leaves of Methi in treatment of dandruff. Many natives use cow milk in place of curd in previously mentioned combination. The scientific name of Methi is Trigonella foenum-graecum. Although Jatamansi is not native to Chhattisgarh but the traditional healers of Bilaspur region use the whole herb in form of herbal oil, in treatment of dandruff. Like other herbal oils, the herb is boiled in base oil and when all water contents evaporate, oil is collected and used externally. The traditional healers purchase this herb from local herb shops. As the name of Jatamansi is coming for the first time in my articles, I am describing its botany in brief. According to reference literatures, it is a dwarf herbaceous plant with a long hairy tap root; Stems perennial, very short, simply divided into a number of shaggy scaly crowns from which the leaves proceed; Branches erect, a few inches high, downy; Leaves obovate-lanceolate, three ribbed, downy; Flowers pale pink, clustered in the axils of the upper leaves, which form a kind of involucre to them. Most of the above mentioned traditional uses have not been reported in reference literatures. As the problem of both lice and dandruff is increasing around the world, I am expecting that the rich traditional knowledge present in this part of the earth will be of great help for the sufferers present in other parts. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations used in treatment of Eczema in Chhattisgarh, India. Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved P. Oudhia The traditional healers and natives of Chhattisgarh use many common herbs and herbal formulations in treatment of Eczema. These herbs and herbal formulations are used both internally and externally. The traditional healers believe in total cure of the trouble instead of suppressing it. This is the reason they use the herbs both internally and externally. Through ethnobotanical surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh, I have collected a lot of information on this aspect. In present article, I am describing some promising uses. The traditional healers of Southern Chhattisgarh use the dry fruit powder of Harra (Terminalia chebula) internally with cow urine in treatment of Eczema. The old trees are selected for the collection of fruits. According to the traditional healers, the internal use of Harra with cow urine has many other health benefits. It is a promising liver tonic. The traditional healers of this region also use the decoction of Dhanbaher leaves both internally and externally in treatment of Eczema. The raw juice is also considered effective. The scientific name of Dhanbaher is Cassia fistula. It is a common tree in Chhattisgarh. In treatment of Eczema, the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains use Kali Mirch (Black Pipper) internally. It is given with cow ghee. It is considered as promising blood purifier. According to the traditional healers, this combination is having the capacity to flush out toxic material from human body. In general, the healers continue this treatment till complete cure. After cure it is repeated for atleast a month in a year in order to prevent the trouble. The herb collector of Narharpur region Shri Munna Netam informed me that the seeds of Bhelwa can be used in treatment of Eczema. For use, the seeds are powdered and mixed with Til (Sesamum oil). This combination is applied externally on affected parts. Bhelwa (Semecarpus anacardium syn. Anacardium orientale) is a common tree in Chhattisgarh. He also informed me about the use of Parsa fruits in treatment. The fruit mixed with Lemon (Nimbu) juice is applied externally. The scientific name of Parsa is Butea monosperma. The natives of this region, use the latex of immature Papita (Papaya) fruit externally for the same purpose. The fresh leaf juice of Harshringar (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis) is also in use in this region. The traditional healers of Sirsa (Albizia lebbeck) rich areas of Chhattisgarh use Sirsa bark externally and Sirsa flower internally in treatment of Eczema. The aqueous paste is applied externally in affected parts whereas flowers are given internally with sugar. According to the healers, both internal as well as external use at a time cures the patients effectively in less time. Sirsa flowers are considered as promising blood purifier. The natives of Chhattisgarh Plains use Til seeds externally with Mustard oil (Sarson Tel) in treatment of Eczema. The seeds are powdered and mixed with base oil. Til is under cultivation as oil seed crop. Although the natives have rich traditional medicinal knowledge about different herbs used in treatment of Eczema but surprisingly the number of patients having this problem is increasing. According to the traditional healers, the incomplete cure by the natives is responsible for this increase in number. They further informed me that the problem of Eczema is deep rooted and it should not be taken lightly. With the help of regular visits to the traditional healers, I am trying hard to gather more information on this aspect. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of Spermatorrhoea in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The problem of Spermatorrhoea is increasing among the young generations in Chhattisgarh. The numbers of patients are increasing with alarming rates. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh specialized in treatment of Spermatorrhoea still remember early days when there were very less patients and they have to do little efforts to collect the common herbs used in treatment. Now as the patients are increasing, they have to invest two to three days in a week, in collection of herbs. Many healers have started bulk purchasing of herbs from local herb shops. They are aware of malpractice of adulteration common in Chhattisgarh but according to them patients are more important. I have identified over 300 traditional healers in Chhattisgarh specialized in treatment of Spermatorrhoea. Seeing the increasing number of patients now other healers have also started giving the herbs. During my ethnobotanical surveys, in progress since 1994, I got opportunities to interact many traditional healers. This is really surprising observation that all healers use different herbs and herbal combinations in treatment of Spermatorrhoea. Due to lack of communication among these healers, they are unable to share their experiences with each other. I have noted many valuable traditional uses through these surveys. I am describing some promising uses of herbs in present article. The use of the latex of Bar (Ficus benghalensis) internally is very popular among the natives of Chhattisgarh. The patients are advised by the healers to take latex with sugar once in a day till complete relief. There is no specific dose but in general few drops of latex are given. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains use the pods of Babool in specific way. They take a big piece of white cloth and dip it in the juice of fresh Babool pods. After soaking, the cloth is dried in shade. After drying it is again dipped in same juice. This procedure is repeated several times. According to the healers, it must be dipped atleast for 15 times. After final drying, the cloth piece is kept for future use. For its use, the healers cut this piece into 14 equal pieces. These pieces are given to the patients and advised to use one piece daily. This one piece is boiled in two glass of cow milk and after adding sugar, the patients are advised to take the milk. It is considered as one of the promising treatments. The healers informed me that its use regularly up to fourteen days cures the problem for ever. Babool (Acacia nilotica) is a common tree in Chhattisgarh. It is an integral part of rice ecosystem. The paddy growers allow the growth of Babool trees in rice bunds. The use of Mahua bark for this purpose is also very common in Chhattisgarh. The bark is collected and after shade drying, it is converted into powder. The patients having the problem of Spermatorrhoea are advised by the healers to take a teaspoonful of powdered bark twice a day after mixing cow ghee and Shahad in it. After intake of this mixture, the use of lukewarm milk is recommended. This use is continued till complete cure. The scientific name of Mahua is Madhuca longifolia. Like the bark of Mahua, the juice of Bael bark is also in use in Chhattisgarh. A teaspoonful of bark juice is given internally with lukewarm cow milk. Bael (Aegle marmelos) is a common tree in Chhattisgarh. The traditional healers also use the fruit pulp of Bael in treatment. Like Mahua and Bael, Khamhar is also a common tree in Chhattisgarh. The traditional healers of Durg region use the juice of young soft branches with cow milk in treatment of Spermatorrhoea internally. The use is continued till complete cure. The scientific name of Khamhar is Gmelina arborea. Like the latex of Bar tree, the traditional healers of Nandini-Ahiwara region of Chhattisgarh use the latex of Doomar, another Ficus sp. (Ficus glomerata) in treatment of Spermatorrhoea. It is used in same manner. The traditional healer of Mudpar village Shri Hanumat Prasad Verma uses Ajwain seeds with sugar. The method of use is very simple. The seeds and sugar are mixed in equal proportion and mixture is kept for future use. He suggests the patients to take half teaspoonful of this mixture twice a day with a glass of lukewarm water. According to him, this simple method is enough to root out the problem. For botany, reported and other traditional uses of above mentioned herbs, I suggest you to read previous articles. During treatment, the traditional healers suggest the patients to think positive and take special care of total health. They also suggest the patients to change the food habits. Many healers suggest the youths having this problem to give some time for meditation. The traditional healers are aware of their responsibilities and this is positive sign that they are working hard to make the young generation disease free. Thank you very much for reading the article. Possibilities of utilizing Fly Ash in commercial cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops : My experiences and experiments Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved As you know, Fly ash is a potential source of many macro and micro elements, including many toxic metals. According to the reference literatures, Fly ash application with various organic amendments and bio-fertilizer treatments can improve soil quality and lead to higher fertility. Like many parts of the world, the problem of disposal of Fly ash is a headache in Chhattisgarh also. The Fly ash generating industrial units are investing millions on research to search its new uses so that it can be disposed off in right way. In Chhattisgarh, these units are encouraging individual efforts and efforts of non-governmental organizations engaged in research of Fly ash utilization. Since my student life, I am aware of Fly ash. At that time, I also got offer from the geologist of Indian Institute of Science, Kharagpur to work in Indo-Canadian project focused on utilization of Fly ash for tree production and its effect on ground water quality. But due to my interest on herbs I refused this offer. From last three years with the help of innovative herb growers of Chhattisgarh, we are trying to use Fly ash in commercial production of Indian medicinal and aromatic crops. We are using it by adopting different methods. As you know, due to new field, not much work has been done on nutrient management of medicinal and aromatic crops. The herb growers having deep faith in organic farming are in search of new organic inputs other than conventional inputs. I personally feel that Fly ash can become one of the promising new organic inputs in this field. When I started field as well as laboratory experiments in different parts of Chhattisgarh at farmers field, many questions were there in my mind. The big question is the present of toxic metals in Fly ash. I was eager to know how the presence of these metals will effect the medicinal properties of these crops. Also, in absence of advanced analytical laboratories, how we will be able to analyze the crop produces for medicinal properties? With these burning questions, we started the experiments. In these three years we have conducted experiments on Kasturi Bhendi (Abelmoschus moschatus), Bach (Acorus calamus), Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum), Asgandh (Withania somnifera), Sarpgandha (Rauvolfia serpentina), Dhikuar (Aloe vera), Kevatch (Mucuna pruriens) and Chandrashoor (Lepidium sativum). The Fly ash is used both alone and in combination with other organic inputs. We have not found it feasible to apply the pure Fly ash in crop fields at any stage. After many trials and errors, we have prepared specific combination using Fly ash as main ingredient. In my previous articles, I have mentioned that the natives of Chhattisgarh specially the farmers use the ash of many common weeds as nutrient supplement in crop fields. We have selected five such weeds and the ash collected after the burning is mixed in equal proportion. During preparation of this mixture we also add, Green spray having fresh cow dung, fermented cow urine and extracts of common herbs (for more details, you can read previous articles). With Fly ash, as main ingredients, farm yard manure, poultry manure and vermicompost are also added in little quantities. After thorough mixing, these herbs and other material in combination with Fly ash give birth to unique product that can be used as organic input as well as plant protection measure. We have successfully tried it again Deemak (Termites). For crop production, it can be used at different stages for specific purposes. For the first time, before planting of crops, it is applied in fields with routine application of Farm Yard manure. In case of many medicinal crops, specially in Kasturi Bhendi, Safed Musli and Asgandh, we have found it promising for presowing seed treatment. During planting of Safed Musli crop, in place of Vermicompost, we have found that this special combination more powerful. It promotes the early plant growth, very essential in case of Safed Musli production. Its application increases the production. But what about the quality? The analysis reports of last three years have revealed that the application of this combination not affects the quality of Safed Musli in terms of Saponin content. For real verification, when we presented the samples to the traditional healers specialized in use of Safed Musli as medicine for evaluation, they informed that its response to the patients is similar to the response of other Musli samples of cultivated origin. Encouraged with these findings, many Musli growers of Chhattisgarh and neighboring states have started its use commercially. The results of experiments on other medicinal and aromatic crops are awaited. Motivated by these encouraging results, we are planning to try this combination in other medicinal crops also. We are confident that the new use of Fly ash in commercial production of these crops will help both the farmers and industries. I will write more on this aspect in my future articles. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used against Poison in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use many poisonous herbs in treatment of common diseases both internally and externally. From their long experiences they are aware of specific doses. In general, they use the formulations having poisonous herbs under their strict supervision. But in spite of these precautions many times, the patients come under attack due to overdose of these herbs and herbal formulations. The healers, aware of these effects, always give counter herbs with these formulations, for use in the time of such emergencies. Many times the children living in rural and forest areas consume wild fruits or unknown herbs just in curiosity and get serious problems. When these affected children are brought to the healers, first of all they try to ask for the source of poison. If they get the information it is very easy for them to treat the patients in less time but when the source is unknown, the healers try general formulations. As I have mentioned in previous articles that the leaves and seeds Dhatra (Datura sp.) Are narcotic and in India these are used for criminal poisoning. In urban areas the cases of criminal poisoning are increasing at alarming rates. Observing the less choice of drugs in such cases in other systems of medicine, now more and more natives are approaching the traditional healers for treatment. The problem due to poisonous herbs is common in case of domestic cattle also. The natives of Chhattisgarh have rich traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs that can be used to nullify the harmful effects of the poisonous herbs. Through the ethnobotanical surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh, I have collected a lot of information on this aspect. I am giving some important informations in present article. Bhelwa (Semecarpus anacardium) is a common medicinal tree in Chhattisgarh. The Black resin, obtained from pericarp of fruit is in use as marking-ink to write on cloth since generations. The nuts are used as Tans. Bhelwa is one of the important non-wood forest produces of Chhattisgarh. It is also a most frequently used herb in use by the traditional healers. Many categories of natives come in contact with this herb and this is the reason from herb collectors and end users, all are prone to get injuries from this herb. As Bhelwa is in good demand and common tree, the natives and traditional healers are aware of many herbs to counter the harmful effects. Before describing these herbs, I would like to mention here that the herbs used to nullify the bad effects of any herb are collected from surroundings of harmful herb. According to the natives, the herbs present in surroundings have enough capacity to nullify the harmful effects. This is according to nature's arrangement. To nullify the bad effects of over consumption of Bhelwa fruits, the natives and healers used Imli leaves and seeds. Imli is also a common medicinal tree in Chhattisgarh. In forest, Imli and Bhelwa are the integral parts of same forest ecosystem. You will be surprised to know that the bad effects of over consumption of Imli fruits can be treated successfully with the help of Bhelwa herb. This was really interesting in formation for me. Imli (Tamarind) leaves and seeds are used internally in case of Bhelwa poisoning. It is used to reduce the intense itching and swelling in body due to over consumption of Bhelwa. The leaves are boiled with sugar and water and sweet solution is prepared. This sweet solution is given till complete cure. In case of complications, Imli seeds are used in place of Imli leaves. Like Imli, Char is also a common tree that grows in surroundings of Bhelwa tree. Char is also used to nullify the harmful effects of Bhelwa. Char seeds are given with Buffalo (Bhais) milk internally as treatment. Many times the traditional healers get injuries when they burn the Bhelwa. The fumes are toxic. It produces swelling in body. To treat this trouble the traditional healers of Narharpur region use Amba Haldi based herbal combination externally. The rhizomes of Amba Haldi (Curcuma amada) are mixed with rice grains with the help of water and an aqueous paste is prepared. This paste is applied externally on affected parts. The healers still remember that in early days they were using the grains of medicinal rice varieties in place of existing hi-yielding varieties in this combination. As the medicinal rice varieties are not under cultivation in this part of Chhattisgarh the healers are unable to add it in combination. According to them, there is no promising substitute to the grains of medicinal rice varieties. For this swelling the traditional healers of Raipur region use the fresh leaves of Dhanbaher (Cassia fistula) externally. They also use Koha (Terminalia arjuna) herb for this purpose. The barks and leaves are mixed in equal proportion and juice is extracted. This juice is applied externally on affected parts in order to reduce the swelling. Many times, during handling the Bhelwa the herb collectors get injuries, in form of blisters. They use many common herbs in treatment of blisters. As first aid measure, they simply apply the fruit pulp of Baheda (Terminalia bellirica) in affected parts. But this use is limited upto to the specific period when Baheda trees are at fruiting stage. Til (Sesamum) seeds are also in use for this purpose. The seeds are powdered and with fine clay soil, aqueous paste is prepared. This paste is applied immediately on blisters externally. The herb collectors of Bagbahera region use the nuts of Gondla herb (Cyperus sp.) For this purpose. Its aqueous paste is applied in affected parts. In treatment of Dhatra poisoning, the traditional healers pay immediate attention because delay in treatment may lead to death of the affected natives. The traditional healers of Bagbahera region use the fresh aqueous juice of Baigan (Bhata) fruits to nullify its harmful effects. This is simple but very promising treatment. Bhata (Solanum melongena) is under cultivation as vegetable crop in Chhattisgarh. Bhata and Dhatura both belongs to same family i.e. Solanaceae. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains consider the roots of Andi promising in treatment. The aqueous extract of Andi roots is given internally to nullify the effects of poison immediately. The natives use the concentrate solution of common salt internally as first aid measures. As mentioned earlier, in many cases when the patients are not aware of source of poison, the healers use general formulations. I am giving details of some promising solutions. The roots of Jangli Chaulai are used most commonly. The dry roots are mixed with water and cow ghee. This combination is given internally. Jagli Chaulai (Amaranthus spinosus) occurs as wasteland herb in Chhattisgarh and this is the reason it is not difficult to collect it. In general, the traditional healers always keep the dry roots in their collections for its use in emergencies. Another common herb Bhatkatiya is also in use. The freshly extracted juice is given internally to nullify the harmful effects of poisons. Its scientific name is Solanum xanthocarpum. The traditional healers of Bastar region use the Kuchla (Strychnos nuxvomica) in combination with Kali Mirch (Black Pipper) for the same purpose but as Kuchla is itself a poison, it is used very carefully. Bhelwa and Dhatra are most frequently used medicinal herbs in Chhattisgarh. The in depth traditional medicinal knowledge to counter its harmful effects successfully, is making the natives and traditional healers more confident during its use in treatment of many common as well as complicated diseases. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs use in treatment of Heart diseases: The results of recently conducted ethnobotanical surveys in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved During my recent ethnobotanical surveys in Mahasamund region, I got interesting information on use of common tree Maulsari in treatment of heart diseases. The traditional healers suggest the patients to wear Herbal Mala (Garland) of Maulsari Flowers in day time. The healers suggest to wear this Garland as long as possible but only in day time. Fresh flowers of Maulsari are used for this purpose. They also suggest inhaling the specific smell of Maulsari flowers frequently. Internally the decoction of Maulsari bark is used in treatment. According to the healers these multiple uses cure the patients effectively. I have interacted with the patients using Maulsari in this way. I have observed that during treatment, the patients feel both mental as well as physical comfort. The scientific name of Maulsari is Mimusops elengi (family Sapotaceae). Its English name is Spanish Cherry. I am not aware whether the natives and traditional healers of Spain use this herb in this common trouble or not. Maulsari is planted as ornamental tree in home gardens for its fragrant flowers. I have mentioned the use of Koha bark (Terminalia arjuna) in treatment of heart diseases. Like Koha bark, the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains use the bark of Semal bark in treatment of heart diseases. The bark is collected and dried in shade. The shade dried bark is boiled in cow milk and after filter the patients are suggested to drink the cow milk. The use is continued up to one month in any part of the year. Many healers suggest the patients to take this combination upto one year as preventive to heart diseases. As preventive, the use of Pippali fruits (Piper longum) in combination with cow butter and Lemon (Nimbu) juice is also popular. Although Moongphali (Groundnut) is a popular oil seed crop in Chhattisgarh and natives use it in different preparations but the traditional healers suggest the patients to avoid its use particularly the raw pods. They instruct the heart patients to stop its use. The healers are unable to give scientific explanation for this but they informed that after stopping its regular use, the patients feel comfortable themselves. The traditional healers of Southern Chhattisgarh use the herbal combination of Baibirang (Embelia ribes) and Kulinjan (Alpinia galangal) with cow urine in treatment of heart diseases. Kulanjan is not native to Chhattisgarh. The traditional healers purchase this herb from local herb shops. I have noted that very few healers are aware of this combination. As mentioned earlier, the traditional healer gives more emphasis on use of preventives. According to them by observing any child carefully at childhood, they can assess the chances of heart troubles in him or her, and after this diagnosis they can start, preventive treatment upto specific period. But these natives are not much aware of this preventive therapy. In general, the natives visit to the healers specialized in treatment of heart diseases after becoming patient. Through the articles in regional languages I am trying hard to aware the natives about this unique knowledge our healers are having I have written a lot on other herbs used in treatment of heart trouble, I am not repeating it again. This article is a supplement to previous articles. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of Measles in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved According to the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh, the out skin of Sitaphal (annona squamosa) resembles the blisters common in Measles, so it can be used as preventive to Measles. The traditional suggests the children to eat more and more Sitaphal for this purpose. Sitaphal is considered as poor man's fruit in Chhattisgarh. It is one of the common herbs in Chhattisgarh. The healers of different parts of Chhattisgarh use different herbs and herbal combinations for this purpose. The healers of Southern Chhattisgarh informed me that the combination of juice of Semal (Bombax ceiba) and Adusa (Adhatoda vasica) can be used internally for this purpose. To protect the eyes during attack, the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains recommend the use of Mehndi leaves (Lawsonia alba) externally. The freshly extracted juice is massaged gently on soles. As preventive, the traditional healers of this region recommend the internal use of Mulethi roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Mulethi is a perennial herb, native to the Mediterranean region. The healers are dependent on local herb shops for Mulethi. Mulethi is also used in combination of Adusa. From the traditional healers of Bilaspur region I got the formulation. They take a leaf of Adusa and a small piece of Mulethi roots and mix it in 250 milliliters of water. This solution is allowed to boil and decoction is prepared. This decoction is given internally as preventive. Adusa have other health benefits also. This is the reason the healers suggest the natives to plant this medicinal herb in home gardens. To reduce the intensity of fever, the healers of Rajnandgaon region use the leaves of Doomar tree (Ficus glomerata). The fresh juice is extracted from leaves and mixed in a glass of cow milk. Sugar is added for taste. This combination is given internally just before the start of fever. It is considered as one of the promising treatments. To reduce the intensity of trouble the traditional healers of Jashpur region use the seeds of wild Banana species. The seeds are mixed in buffalo milk and patients are advised to drink it. The healers of Kanker region prefer the fresh juice of Ber leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana) in place of wild Banana seeds. The leaf juice is given with buffalo milk. During fever, the natives spread the fresh Neem leaves on the bed of patients. According to them, the Neem leaves reduces the extra heat in body. The Neem leaves are used internally also. The healers of Chhattisgarh mix 20 leaves of Neem with 20 Kali Mirch (Black Pipper) and boil it in half liter of water. The decoction is prepared and patients are advised to take this decoction twice a day till complete cure. The healers of Bastar region prepare a decoction using 21 herbs. The healers do not want to disclose the formulation but they informed that in this formulation, the leaves of Koha (Terminalia arjuna) are used as main ingredient. In general, the natives of Chhattisgarh don’t consider this trouble a serious one. They are aware that through simple use of common herbs the trouble will be over after specific period. Through the ethnobotanical surveys I am trying to gather more information on herbs used in treatment of Measles in Chhattisgarh. I will write more on this aspect in my future articles. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations used in treatment of Jaundice : The results of recently conducted ethnobotanical surveys in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The natives and traditional healers of Chhattisgarh have rich traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations useful in treatment of Jaundice. In previous articles, I have mentioned many of such promising traditional uses. I have also described that now the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh provide mental satisfaction with their treatment by giving the example of traditional healer of Bhuthia village of Saraipali region. During the year, 2000-2002, we conducted small ethnobotanical surveys in Narharpur, Dhamtari, Kondagaon, Bastar, Kanker, Bagbahera, Durg, Raipur, Rajnandgaon and Pendra regions of Chhattisgarh focused on herbs used in treatment of Jaundice. Through this survey, we got some additional information that are not mentioned in previous articles, I am giving these details in present article. The natives of Chhattisgarh Plains suggest the patients to consume matured Kela fruits (Banana) with pure honey during treatment of Jaundice. This combination is considered as promising liver tonic. The traditional healers of Dhamtari region use the roots and young twigs of Andi (Ricinus communis) internally. The roots are dried and covered into powder. This powder is given with Shahad (Honey). The traditional healers of Bagbahera region suggest the use of Pippali (Piper longum) fruit powder. The traditional healers of Dhamtari region use the young twigs of Andi in place of its root powder in specific cases. The young twigs are given with fresh curd. According to the traditional healers, this use develops the symptoms of dullness and dizziness in many patients. This is the reason, the patients having good vital force are only instructed to use this combination. The healers consider this formulation more potential as compared to above mentioned formulations in treatment of Jaundice. The traditional healers of Pendra region use the leaf juice of Andi for the same purpose. The juice is given with sugar. As the healers have other promising herbs, they use the leaf juice less frequently. The traditional healers of Durg region use the Kaitha leaves in treatment of Jaundice internally. The juice is extracted from fresh leaves of Kaitha (Feronia elephantum) and mixed with fresh cow milk. The solution is stored for future use. This combination is given daily to the patients till complete cure. The natives of this region consider the juice of fully matured Anar (Pomegranate) fruits best for the patients having Jaundice. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh are well aware of the use of Neem bark and leaves for this purpose. They use these parts in different ways. I am giving details of commonly adopted method. The juice of fresh bark is extracted and with honey and Sonth (dried ginger) it is given internally to the patients. The Neem leaves are dipped in water and juice is extracted. A glass full of juice is given to the patients with sugar. Sugar is not added for taste. It is a part of this combination. Many healers suggest the use of lukewarm juice for better results. The traditional healers of Bastar region use the Imli (Tamarind) bark for this purpose. The bark is collected and after drying in shade, converted into powder. This powdered bark is given with fresh goat urine internally. It is considered as one of the promising treatments. In place of goat urine, many healers use cow urine. The healers also use the Harra fruits (Terminalia chebula) for this purpose. The fruits are dipped in cow urine upto 21 days and daily one fruit is given to the patients. According to the healers, by this simple use the patients can get rid from Jaundice in very less time. With the help of above mentioned medicinal herbs and herbal formulations the traditional healers of these regions are treating the patients having Jaundice successfully. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations used in treatment of Epilepsy : The results of recently conducted ethnobotanical surveys in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use the leaves of indigenous Aam (Desi Aam, Mangifera indica) varieties in treatment of Epilepsy. The healers collect half kg of Aam leaves and after crushing it, the pulp is boiled in half liters of base oil. As base oil, Til (Sesame) oil is in use. The oil with pulp is allowed to boil and when all watery contents evaporate, the boiling is stopped and oil is stored for future use. The healers consider this oil promising for Epilepsy. It is massaged gently on patient's body. During acute attack, the natives of Chhattisgarh Plains, use special herbal combination. The seeds of Ritha (Sapindus emarginatus) are rubbed on stones and with the help of Nimbu fruit (Lemon) juice, an aqueous paste is prepared. The natives give it to the patients and suggest them to inhale it. For this purpose, in many parts of Chhattisgarh the natives use the young branches of Kevda and flowers of Ketki. Both herbal parts are mixed in equal proportion and patients are advised to inhale it. The scientific name of Kewda is Pandanus odoratissimus. Kewda is planted in home gardens as ornamental plant. The scientific name of Ketki is Agave americana. This herb is planted to check soil erosion and also as live fence in Chhattisgarh. As you know, Fudhar (Calotropis gigantea) is a common wasteland plant in the state. The natives use the latex with dried cow dung during acute attack. The patients are also advised to inhale the combination to get quick relief. The traditional healers of Durg region specialized in use of cow urine as medicine, prepare a herbal combination using Hing (Asafoetida) as main ingredient. In this combination cow ghee and urine are added. According to the healers, it is one of the promising treatments. This combination is given internally till complete cure. The healers also use the fresh leaf juice of Dhaincha (Sesbania sp.) In combination with cow urine for the same purpose. The traditional healers of Bastar region use the root bark powder of Nishoth in treatment of Epilepsy. It is use both alone and in combination with other herbs. Nishoth is a common medicinal herb in this part of Chhattisgarh. According to reference, literatures Nishoth (Ipomoea turpethum syn. Operculina turpethum) is a twinning herb and a resinous substance (Turpethin) obtained from the root bark, is used as a purgative and acts as a substitute for Jalap. The healers of this region, also use the seeds of Ajwain (Carum copticum) in treatment. The patients are advised to take a teaspoonful of seeds twice a day upto long time to get rid from this trouble. It is also used in combination with other herbs. Jaiphal (Myristica fragrans) is not a native to Chhattisgarh but the healers are aware of its medicinal properties and uses. According the traditional healer of Mudpar Modern health check-up reports and the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved 'Hi Pankaj, I just got my blood results. Not good at all. My blood cholesterol level has gone up considerably since I did the test four months back. Looks like the herbal preparations did not have any difference. I had to go back on medication with the cholesterol lowering drug. It was high by 2-5% than normal. In medicinal terms it is 7.5 mmol/L normal is between 3.9-5.5. My triglycerides is also high 2.1 mmol/L. Normal is 0.5-1.7 and Calc. LDL cholesterol is 5.1 whereas normal is 1.7-3.5. Will you please tell the traditional healers about this report. I am eager to know their comments'. I receive these letters frequently from different parts of the world. These are the patients who have visited Chhattisgarh to meet and to take treatment from the traditional healers. The traditional healers refuse to treat the patients coming from far areas even from different parts of India. They have scientific explanation for this refusal. As I always mention in my articles that any patient can be treated more efficiently with the herbs present in surroundings. The same fact is mentioned in different reference literatures related to indigenous systems of medicine in India. In simple words, the patients of Tropical countries can not be treated efficiently with the herbs of Temperate countries. I have used the word efficiently specifically because the herbs can be used with less beneficial effects. When the visitors from far areas force the traditional healers to give at least some herbs for their troubles, the healers recommend herbs and herbal formulations after examine the patients. You can not expect advanced pathological laboratories with the traditional healers. By simply observing the patients and asking them about the trouble, the healers decide the herbs to be given. In case of serious troubles, the healers perform small test. I have mentioned many such tests in my previous articles. For example, to find out the problem of fertility in male and female, they instruct the patients to urinate on Cucurbits plants and after observing the reaction of test plant in 24 hours, they conclude. These diagnosis methods are very simple. They are practicing these methods since time immemorial and this knowledge is transferring from one generation to other. Many healers diagnose the patients by feeling their pulses. Through these crude methods they are keeping us alive and disease free since time memorial. Why the test plants show specific behavior in response to different urines- the healers have no scientific explanation. Also they do not feel it necessary to know the scientific explanation like us. The visitors coming from far areas, take the herbs with deep faith and when they go back to their native places, having modern medical facilities, specialist doctors and advanced pathological laboratories, they feel it difficult to convince their health experts regarding the perfection of traditional healers. Our modern education has named these healers-Neem Hakim or Quacks. After taking herbs recommended by the healers, when visitors try to get good results in terms of positive health reports, the things go in wrong direction. Aware of these problems, the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh instruct the patients to stay near to them till complete cure, but unfortunately it is not possible for everyone. When the modern health check-up reports come, the visitors write to me sending the report and asking the healer's comments. In Chhattisgarh most of the healers are illiterate, they are not able to write their names then how we can expect from them to give comments on advanced medicinal reports. Many visitors force me to send more powerful (?) Herbs on the basis of reports. Unfortunately, it is not possible for me, also for the healers. Many efforts have been done to bring the modern experts and traditional experts in same forum. But most of these efforts were gone waste. I am aware in future, I have to do the same efforts to establish the traditional medicinal knowledge, our healers are practicing. Many experts believe that the diagnosis methods of modern sciences are promising and the treatment of traditional experts is better. Based on this integrated approach many health resorts have been established in different parts of India. I got opportunity to visit one of these resorts, named Arogyadham, situated at Chitrakoot near Satna city of Madhya Pradesh. This resort is situated around a small hill. At the base, you will find advanced laboratories and diagnosis tools. On the basis of this diagnosis, the experts recommend Ayurveda and naturopathy treatments, that are available at the top of hill. I was very impressed with this integrated model but when I started regular ethnobotanical surveys and came in contact with the healers, I came to conclusion that it is wrong to say that our healers are weak in diagnosis. If they are poor in diagnosis, how their treatments are effective ? It is not possible to treat any patient without knowing the exact information on trouble he is having. My friends aware of my documentation work always motivate me with hope that one day the whole world will show the interest in learning this unique traditional knowledge. After receiving such letters from visitors, now we have decided to allow only those visitors who will stay with the healers till complete cure or able to make frequent visits at specific interval recommended by the healers. We are expecting that through this step we can serve the patients in more promising ways. I have also decided to limit my role only upto a researcher not as a resource person. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations used in eye related diseases in Chhattisgarh, India : The results of recent ethnobotanical surveys Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The problem of night blindness is a common problem among poor natives of Chhattisgarh. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use different herbs in treatment of night blindness. The use of Lason bulb (Allium sativum) is very common. The healers extract the fresh juice and apply one or two drops inside the eyes at evening. The treatment is continued till complete cure. Many such information's, I have collected through recent ethnobotanical surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh, India. I am giving the details in present article. The traditional healers of Mungeli region use the roots of Munga (Moringa oleifera) as eye tonic. The root extract is applied with Shahad (Honey) for this purpose. To reduce the pain in eyes the healers suggest the patients to use the leaf juice externally. The traditional healers of Gandai-Salewara region recommend the use of root powder of Dasmool (Asparagus racemosus) with cow milk as eye tonic. The root powder possesses many valuable medicinal properties and uses. Its use as eye tonic adds one more advantage in the long list of benefits. Dasmool is both under cultivation as well as grows in wild. The natives and traditional healers of Chhattisgarh have rich traditional medicinal knowledge about this herb. Lodh is an evergreen shrub or tree distributed in different parts of Chhattisgarh. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use the Lodh bark (Symplocos racemosa) in treatment of conjunctivitis. The diluted bark extract is applied into the affected eyes as treatment. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains use the roots of Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa) in different combinations in treatment of eye related diseases. To cure the itching due to infection, the roots are applied with milk. The roots are crushed and with the help of milk an aqueous solution is prepared. One-two drops of this solution are applied into the eyes. In treatment of stye, the roots are used with cow ghee in same manner. In treatment of conjunctivitis, the roots are given with Shahad (Honey). The roots are used with Til oil, in case of cataract. The in depth traditional knowledge about different ways of using same herb is really surprising. Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa) is a common wasteland herb in Chhattisgarh. Like the juice of Lason, the traditional healers of Narharpur region use the aqueous extract of red flowered Butea (Parsa) tree in treatment of night blindness. It is applied inside the eyes at evening hours. The healers also use the fresh leaf juice of Anar (Pomegranate) also for this purpose. Besides, the use of herbs as treatment, the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh suggest the patients to adopt preventive measures to keep the eyes healthy. They suggest the patients to walk bare foot on Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) specially in mornings of winter when dew fall is high. Before going for bath, the healers suggest the natives to gently massage Sarson (Mustard) Oil on sole specially on thumb. It is considered as promising for eyes. Through ongoing ethnobotanical surveys, I am trying my best to gather more information on this aspect. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used as home remedies in treatment of Gastritis in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The natives of Chhattisgarh use many herbs and herbal formulations in treatment of Gastritis. In general, through these herbs they manage the trouble without any problem and only in case of complications consult the traditional healers. Through the ethnobotanical surveys in different parts of Chhattisgarh, I have collected a lot of information on this aspect. Many of the common home remedies are mentioned in reference literatures. They are many other uses that have yet not been documented. In present article, I am giving the details of both types of uses. During the surveys, the emphasis was given to interact the senior house wives having age over 60 years. The young housewives were also consulted. From previous experiences, I am aware that the senior housewives have more in formation as well as faith in traditional uses. The housewives of modern generation are having faith on herbs but instead of raw herbs, they are dependent on patented available in local markets. The senior housewives have no faith on patent drugs particularly the purity of herbs and also they do not want to pay higher price for simple formulations. The natives of Chhattisgarh Plains take many preventive measures to avoid the problem of Gastritis specially in rainy season. They take different herbs at morning time empty stomach for this purpose. The use of fresh juice of Pudina (Mentha arvensis) is very common. A teaspoonful of Pudina leaf juice and Shahad are used with a glass of lukewarm water daily morning. They also use the fruit juice of Nimbu (Lemon), Shahad and Adrak (Ginger). One teaspoonful each of Nimbu juice, Adrak juice and Shahad (Honey) are mixed and stored for future use. Daily morning half teaspoonful of this combination is taken internally empty stomach. In general, the natives use it thrice a day, but they never miss to use it daily morning. The natives of Bilaspur region use Adrak juice and Shahad in combination with other herbs. They add ten drops of Lason bulb (Garlic) juice and five drops of Piaz bulb (Onion) juice in this combination and use it in same manner. The natives of Chhattisgarh Plains use the roasted seeds of Methi (Fenugreek) after meals. The roasted seeds are boiled in water and extract is taken internally. It is considered as preventive to Gastritis. As preventive, the use of Ajwain seed (Carum copticum) is also popular in Chhattisgarh. The Ajwain seeds and Sonth (dried Ginger) are mixed in equal proportion and taken with lukewarm water just before sleep. It is considered as one of the best remedies for constipation also. In normal cases, Sonth is used alone or in combination with common salt (Namak). Namak is used just for taste. Powdered Sonth is used thrice a day with lukewarm water. From my grandfather's diary, I have noted the use of Adrak juice. A teaspoonful of Adrak juice if given with a glass of lukewarm milk, it cures the problem of Gastritis effectively. The internal use of Pippali is popular in Northern parts of Chhattisgarh. The natives take 3 fruits of Pippali and convert it into powder. Rock salt is added in equal quantity in this powder and taken internally with lukewarm water half an hour after the meals. In Southern parts of Chhattisgarh the use of Harra fruits (Terminalia chebula) is in practice. The natives dip two fruits in water at night and next morning, throw away the leachate. The fruits are taken after every meals in order to prevent the problem of Gastritis. In previous articles, I have mentioned about the popularity of chutney prepared by mixing Pudina and Lason herbs. The natives suggest the patients having the problem of Gastritis to take a glass of milk just after the use of chutney to make it effective against the problem of Gastritis. For this use, the natives add the salt and spices as minimum as possible. Dalchini (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) is in use as spice and condiment in Chhattisgarh. The natives use this herb in treatment of Gastritis. The herb is boiled in milk and used for this purpose. The natives of Narharpur region informed about the use of Bhelwa seed oil (Semecarpus anacardium) internally in treatment of Gastritis but as wrong use or overdose can cause problems, the natives use it less frequently as home remedy. The above mentioned traditional uses clearly indicate, the in depth traditional medicinal knowledge the natives are having. The herbs used are commonly available. With the help of this traditional knowledge, the cheap and effective formulations can be prepared and small cottage industries can be established. I would like to request the concerned authorities reading this article to pay attention on this aspect. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations used in treatment of Piles in Chhattisgarh, India : The results of recently conducted ethnobotanical survey Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The recent ethnobotanical surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh revealed that the natives and traditional healers have more rich traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations useful in treatment of Piles, than expected. I have already mentioned the results of previous surveys. In present article I am giving the details of some valuable traditional uses of common herbs noted through recent surveys. Before these surveys, I was not aware about the fact that the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use the raw herb of Bach along with its oil. Bach (Acorus calamus) is both under cultivation and occur as wild herb in Chhattisgarh. The healers extract the oil from Bach rhizome using indigenous methods. I have not written much on traditional medicinal knowledge about Bah oil. Bach oil is known as Calamus oil in trade. There is a heavy demand of this oil in national and international drug markets. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use this oil in treatment of Piles externally. This is considered as one of the promising treatments. The traditional healers not aware of oil extraction procedure, use the powdered rhizome with base oil in same manner. But it is considered as less effective treatment. In Chhattisgarh two species of Bach grow naturally i.e. A. calamus and gramineus . Now I am trying to find out the use of A. gramineus oil. Like the oil of Bach, the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains recommend the use of Munga leaves (Moringa oleifera) externally on piles. The use of leaf juice of common tree Karanj is also in use. The traditional healers use the Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) internally also. The leaves are fried with cow ghee and given internally with whey. According to the healers the use should be continued till complete cure. They claim that patients get relief within a week. Haldi (Curcuma longa) is well known and frequently used herb in Chhattisgarh. The natural forests of Chhattisgarh are rich in natural population of different species of Haldi. It is also under cultivation. Haldi rhizome powder is used both internally and externally in treatment of piles. The aqueous paste is applied externally whereas the powder is taken internally to get rid from this trouble. In Southern parts of Chhattisgarh, fresh leaf juice of Bael (Aegle marmelos) is applied externally. The juice is given internally also. According to the traditional healers both internal and external use simultaneously helps the patients to get rid from constipation as well as Piles. The traditional healers of Dhamtari region use the bark of Patla in treatment of Piles. The bark is collected and after drying dipped in water. The softened bark is given internally. The scientific name of Patla is Stereospermum suaveolens. It is a common medicinal tree in this part of Chhattisgarh. Like the leaves of Karanj, the bark of Kachnar (Bauhinia tomentosa) is given with whey in many parts of Chhattisgarh for the same purpose. The decoction of bark is also prepared. The patients are advised to wash the piles with this decoction. It stops the bleeding immediately. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains are aware of use of wasteland herb Chirchita (Achyranthes aspera) in treatment of Piles. The seeds of Achyranthes are given internally with rice water. The use of medicinal rice varieties are prescribed in this combination but in case of non-availability, the healers use indigenous rice varieties. The traditional healers of Bastar region use Ajwain seeds (Carum copticum) externally in treatment of Piles in unique way. The Fudhar and Imli branches are collected and dried. After drying, it is burnt. Ajwain seeds are added in burning branches. The patients having the problem are advised to expose the affected part in fumes. It is considered as one of the promising treatments. According to the healers, Fudhar (Calotropis gigantea) and Imli (Tamarind) branches play an important role and no other herbs should be used in place of these herbs. Besides above mentioned traditional uses, the healers instruct the patients to avoid spicy food and avoid mental tension. According to them regular life helps the patients to get cure in less time. Now after documenting the healer's knowledge, I am engaged in collection of information related to home remedies used in treatment of Piles in Chhattisgarh. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about Neem Mad in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved Every year during rainy season specially, we frequently hear news regarding milk yielding Neem trees from different parts of Chhattisgarh. Milk from Neem tree? Everyone notice this news and within no time the natives gather around such trees and start worshipping it. They consider it as a gift of God. Many natives start the collection of milk and by diluting it with water, try to distribute it among other natives. The natives have no hesitation to collect this natural gift. They have deep faith in nature and God. Taking advantage of this faith, many persons start charging money for this milk. Yesterday local newspaper published a news about such Neem trees near the Raipur city and reported that the natives have started its worship. As member of Andh Shradha Nirmulan Samittee, a non-governmental organization engaged in social awareness among natives, I got the opportunity to visit the said place. For the first time in life, I saw the Mad of Neem Trees. I am hearing the word 'Mad' since the year 1994, through the traditional healers and natives. I have collected a lot of information on traditional medicinal uses of this Mad through the ethnobotanical surveys in different parts of Chhattisgarh. Yesterday, when I saw it practically, oozing out from Neem trees, I decided to write a separate article focused on this Mad. Neem (Azadirachta indica, family Meliaceae) is a common roadside tree in Chhattisgarh having small, white and sweet scented flowers. According to reference literatures, it is a handsome tree with dense rounded crown of bright green foliage; stem short and stout, deep rooted, usually evergreen except in dry localities and periods of extreme drought; Bark thick, brown to dark gray with deep longitudinal furrows, bitter in taste; New leaves appear in March-April in Chhattisgarh conditions; Leaves imparipinnate, 20-40 cm long, glabrous; leaflets 9-17, sub-opposite, lanceolate, unequal sided, deeply serrate, acuminate, bright green and shining above, sub-sessile or with minute petioles. Flowers greenish-white, Sweetscented, 5 mm long, in axillary panicles, Fruits are drupes, 1-2 cm long, ovoid-oblong, generally one-seeded, greenish yellow when ripe. All parts of Neem are used as medicine both internally and externally in treatment of many common as well as complicated diseases. The reference literatures related to different indigenous of medicine in India are full of information having detailed medicinal properties and uses of this important tree but surprisingly not much has been write no utilities of Mad. According to the traditional healers, in rainy season, the trees secret whitish material look likes milk, in large amount. This observation is common in all trees as compared to the new trees. During rainy season, the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh aware of this secretion visit to Neem tree rich forests in search of such trees. They keep big vessels with them for the collection of Mad. Most of the plant parts of Neem are bitter in taste but Mad is mild sweet in taste. You will be surprised to know that the traditional healers collect this Mad with patience and use in treatment of many common diseases both internally and externally. The healers store this Mad in earthen pots and in cool places. The mad collected once can be used round the year, if stored well. I have listed out 30 diseases in which this Mad is used. Its external use is preferred as compared to the internal use. It is considered as one of the promising remedy in treatment of old wounds and carbuncles. According to the traditional healers, this secretion is used many times as last hope and in most of the cases, it protects the life of patients. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use it in treatment of different types of cancers. Its effectiveness in treatment of cancer and its rare availability have forced the traditional healers to develop its safe storage method. Although the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh are unable to give scientific explanation that why this secretion takes place but the researchers and tree experts have many theories. Many believe that this secretion is a reaction of tree to the attack of enemies specially the micro-organisms. In rainy season, due to high wind, abrasions are common in trees. These abrasions are the entry points for the micro-organisms. Many researchers claim that due to high water table in rainy days, many weak plants absorb the water but fail to accumulate it. Due to the pressure of water it oozes out by rupturing the cell wall. As it contains cell sap the taste of secretion is sweetish. It is not a common phenomenon and occurs very rarely. I believe in first theory but I feel that the exact scientific explanation is essential, for the future generations. Yesterday, when during visit to Mad secreting trees, I asked to the natives that why they are collecting the Mad. They replied that they will use the Mad for bath. It is considered as beneficial to skin and a boon for the patients having skin troubles. I have also collected the Mad. I want to test its efficacies in crop fields for medicinal crops. As the Mad is limited, after collecting more samples, I am planning to conduct detailed allelopathic studies on medicinal and aromatic crops also. Through our organization ASNS we are trying to provide scientific explanation to the natives responsible for this oozing. Also we are awaring them that don’t be fool to buy it at very high rates and be aware of adulteration. The natural forests are very rich in natural population of Neem trees. As the healers aware of medicinal properties and uses of Mad are limited, every year thousand liters of Mad go waste in forest. Through this article I would like to attract the attention of concerned researchers to focus their studies on this aspect also. I am proud to write that this article is a first document on Neem Mad, and its traditional uses in Chhattisgarh, India. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of Headache in Chhattisgarh, India. : The results of recent surveys Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved Through ethnobotanical surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh, I have collected information on traditional uses of over 150 common herbs used in treatment of Headache. Almost all traditional healers I have met so far are aware of common remedies to treat Headache. In present article, I am giving details of some promising traditional uses of herbs, I have noted through these surveys. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use the fresh root juice of Andi (Ricinus communis) in combination with whole herb juice of Bhengra (Eclipta alba) in treatment of headache. Both juice are mixed in equal proportion. The patients are suggested to put three drops of this combination into the nostrils. According to the healers this simple treatment helps the patients to get rid from headache immediately in most of the cases. The fruit juice of ornamental herb Maulsari (Mimusops elengi) is also used in same manner. As home remedy, the natives of Chhattisgarh Plains use the Aonla fruit powder in combination with cow ghee and sugar daily morning. A teaspoonful powder is used normally. Wild Aonla fruits (Phyllanthus emblica) are preferred as compared to the cultivated Aonla fruits for this use. Externally the traditional healers of Mungeli region use the leaves of Munga (Moringa oleifera) in treatment. The healers prepare aqueous paste by mixing leaf juice and Kali Mirch (Black Pipper) and this juice is applied in painful parts as treatment. The aqueous paste of Jaiphal (Myristica fragrans) is also in use for the same purpose. The natives of Chhattisgarh Plains use the Mehndi (Lawsonia alba) leaf juice for the same purpose. The juice is applied externally in painful parts. The natives of Bastar region use the Lason (Garlic) cloves externally in treatment of headache. Crushed cloves in form of paste are used. With this external use, the natives take four Lason cloves internally with lukewarm water. According to them, both treatments cures the patients in very less time. The vegetable growers of Durg region informed me about the use of Lauki fruit pulp in treatment of headache. The pulp is applied in form of paste externally on painful parts. Lauki (Lagenaria sinceraria) is under cultivation as vegetable crop in this part of Chhattisgarh. Externally, the use of Pudina (Mentha arvensis) leaves is also popular in this part of the state. The natives of Bilaspur region use the Sonth (dried Ginger) powder with cow milk externally in treatment of headache. It is considered as promising pain-killer. The natives of Pipal (Ficus religiosa) rich areas of Chhattisgarh use the Pipal leaves in unique way. They suggest the patients to chew four leaves and after some time, spit out the leaves. According to the natives this chewing helps in reducing the pain. The traditional healers of this region are also aware of this use. They informed me that leaf juice if taken internally, can give more promising results as compared to above mentioned way. I have already written a lot on this trouble in my previous articles. This article is a supplement to this article. It is not wrong to say that to document the exhaustive list of herbs used in treatment of headache, is not less than the headache but I am trying my best to compile these information's. Thank you very much for reading the articles. Traditional medicinal knowledge about specific soil on which wonder herb Safed Musli (Chlorophytum sp.) Grows, in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved In previous articles, I have mentioned the traditional medicinal knowledge about rice soils in Chhattisgarh. The natives and traditional healers have rich traditional medicinal knowledge about the medicinal values of soil in which common medicinal herbs grow. The observation of medicinal rice soil was new for the rice scientists working at international levels. When I prepared a research note for publication in international journal focused on rice crop, the editors rejected the paper with comments that without scientific explanations they can not publish this note. Later with the help of researchers working on Allelopathy at various international institutions, we proposed a new hypothesis that the soil is medicated by the leachates of medicinal rice varieties. After understanding this hypothesis, the editors gave green signal. Many unique information when I try to document through these articles, I always feel hesitation specially when I have no scientific explanation with me. Many of the information seems false look but when its scientific explanation comes from the readers side, I feel the sense of great satisfaction. But as researcher, I feel that this is my moral responsibility to just document all the information I am noting and observing during my ethnobotanical surveys. As a student of science, I try to add my views and explanation. Instead of these steps many things remain unexplained. I leave it for future generations and readers. When I asked the explanation from the traditional healers about medicated soil, they gave very simple reply. They said, the medicinal properties of any soil are well established, also of any herb then why the questions arise, that the interaction of both soil and herbs will not result in any miracle? Very true. Sometimes I feel that we intellectuals, loose many golden opportunities in meaningless (senseless also) discussions. The healers are using medicated rice soils since generations. They do not bother whether it has any scientific base or not? If it is in nature, there must be some science in it. Last year, during my ethnobotanical surveys in Bastar region, I got surprising information on use of soil on which Safed Musli species grow naturally. These soils are collected when the life cycle of herb is over. In forest, the healers put identification marks for Musli herbs. I have noted that very few healers are aware of this use. They use the soil in treatment of many common diseases mostly externally. According to them, the soil is used mainly in treatment of diseases having origin from cool nature (Tasir). Many healers use it externally in treatment of cancers. Most of the healers do not want to disclose its medicinal uses. They adopt special method for collection of soil. The surface soil is rejected. The soil present in periphery of Musli herbs upto Aik Bita (approx. 30 cm) is taken. The soil collected under the tip of Musli root is considered the best. According to the healers, they collect the soil after performing worship ceremony. The soil is used as such without further drying. After collection of soil, Musli herb is planted in same spot and hole is filled with nearby soil. The healers informed me that next year, the new soil becomes medicated. Encouraged with this unique observation, I started confirmation with the help of other traditional healers specialized in use of Safed Musli herb as medicine-most of them showed ignorance on this traditional use. This year, many traditional healers of Bhopalpatnam region accepted that they are aware of these unique properties of Musli soil. But like the healers of Bastar, they also refused to disclose its traditional medicinal uses. But they informed that in many complicated cases this soil acts as panacea. They further informed that the soils can be used internally also. I feel that this is an important information and for further study on this aspect, I am seeking the helping hands from experts specialized in biochemical analysis and clinical trials. The herb collector of Kondagaon region gave me one more important information when I discussed this observation with him. He informed that in natural condition Safed Musli herb suffers less damage from Termites but when it is planted in new soils, the Termites damage the herb to great extent. According to them, the anti-termite properties of Musli soils in natural conditions possibly help the Musli herb. For another reasons, I also suggest the Musli growers taking Safed Musli crop for the first time to apply the soil collected from nearby forests where this herb grows naturally, in order to get healthy natural crop. Now the recent observations have added one more benefit in this application. I am in search of more information on this important aspect I will give the details in my future articles. Thank you very much for reading the articles. Medicinal herbs of Chhattisgarh, India having less known traditional uses. XXXXIII. Ketki (Agave americana; family : Agavaceae) Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved Although Ketki is a native to South America but the natives and traditional healers of Chhattisgarh, living with this herb since generations are aware of its medicinal properties and uses. Ketki is planted as ornamental herb in home gardens. Many natives use it as fence. Although it is not a wild species but during my ethnobotanical surveys conducted in different parts of the state, I have observed the presence of Ketki in dense forests. According to experts, this presence is due to its escapes from crop fields or plantation sites. It is one of the favorite plants of forest department. It is planted in hill slopes in order to check the soil erosion. You will find this herb planted in periphery of almost all forest plantations as live fence to prevent the entry of wild animals and also of human beings. Its leaf yields a strong fibre and in Chhattisgarh it is in use for making ropes. Many farmers fulfill the annual requirement of ropes with the help of this herb. For ropes, in many parts of Chhattisgarh, Ketki is under commercial cultivation. I have seen hundreds of acres under Ketki in Chhattisgarh. In neighboring state Orissa, it is under cultivation in even more area. Due to fluctuations in market demand, the Ketki growers have yet not got promising returns from this crop. This is the reason, many projects failed particularly in Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. In many parts of the world, Ketki is considered as a problematic weed. If you consider it as a weed, it is very difficult to manage this herb. As weed its extensive rooting systems that helps in checking soil-erosion other wise, establish it as obnoxious weed. This is really surprising (rather odd) observation that in one part of the world it is considered as useful herb and people are promoting it and in other parts, it is considered as weed and in the name of eradication, lethal chemicals are in use. No one is ready to understand what the great loss these lethal chemicals are causing to our ecosystem? Ketki is a valuable medicinal herb. The natives and traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use Ketki both internally and externally in treatment of many common as well as complicated diseases. It is a popular veterinary medicine in the state. Before giving details regarding its traditional uses, I am describing its botany and reported medicinal uses. According to the reference literature, Ketki is a half-woody stem less, perennial; Leaf erect-patent, with strong, widely patent or recurved marginal spines with longitudinal, white or yellow streaks or bands; Flower yellowish-green, funnel shaped, in large panicles; Fruits oblong, clavate and beaked capsule. In reference literatures related to different systems of medicine in India, not much has been written on medicinal uses of this herb. Its laxative and emmenagogue properties and its use in scurvy, syphilis, scrofula and cancer have been mentioned. The roots possess diuretic, diaphoretic and anti-syphilitic properties. The natives of Chhattisgarh use the leaf juice of Ketki as styptic when they get injuries during field work. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use the roots of Ketki in treatment of Metrorrhagia. The aqueous extract of root is given with sugar internally. It is used as supplement treatment to main treatment. The roots collected before flowering are preferred. In treatment of Gonorrhoea, the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains use the decoction of Ketki leaves. The decoction is prepared by boiling the leaves in water. When half quantity (on initial quantity taken) remains, the boiling is stopped. The decoction is used internally. In treatment of throat related troubles, the traditional healers of Narharpur region use the flowering stalk in unique way. They use it in form of Herbal Cigarette. The stalk is dried powdered and burnt. The patients are advised to inhale the fumes to get rid from troubles. Many healers use it in preparation of Herbal Cigarette for treatment of Asthma. The flower pulp is applied externally in case of headache. This use is common in all parts of Chhattisgarh. The flowers are also used in treatment of Epilepsy in combination with other herbs specially Kewda flowers (Pandanus sp.) I have mentioned in pervious articles, about the use of Ketki as veterinary medicine in case of bone fractures. It is used externally. The above mentioned traditional uses are although less in number but enough to establish Ketki as medicinal crop in Chhattisgarh. During survey I have noted that many Ketki growers (growing it for ropes) are not aware of its demand as medicinal crop. When I informed them, they got surprised and showed interest in expanding the area under Ketki. Through the surveys, I am trying to collect more information on this important herb. Thank you very much fore reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations used in treatment of Boil in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The natives and traditional healers of Chhattisgarh use over 200 species of herbs both internally as well as externally in treatment of boils. In general, it is not considered as problematic trouble. The natives are aware of many home remedies that have potential to suppress the boils. In case of complication they consult the traditional healers. The traditional healers try to suppurate the immature boils through herbs. According to them the cleaning of body is essential. At very early stage, they give herbs to suppress it. With the regular treatment, they give emphasis on blood purification. In present article, I am giving details of some promising traditional uses, I have noted during the ethnobotanical surveys in different parts of Chhattisgarh. The natives of Chhattisgarh suggest the patients having this trouble to extract the fresh juice of Kela (Banana) fruit and take it with sugar. Sugar is added just for taste. According to the natives, the use of Kela juice prevents repeated attacks. To suppress the small boils, the traditional healers of Narharpur region, use the bark of Bhelwa tree (Semecarpus anacardium). The barks are collected and dried in shade. After mixing lime (CaCO3) water in the powdered bark, an aqueous paste is prepared. This paste is applied externally till complete suppression of the boils. For the same purpose, the traditional healers of Bagbahera region use the roots of Thura (Euphorbia neriifolia) externally. The aqueous paste of roots is applied. It is specially used in treatment of small boils common in little children. The traditional healers of Doomar (Ficus glomerata) rich regions of Chhattisgarh use the freshly collected latex to suppress the boils. After applying latex, the healers cover it with a small piece of paper. Although the healers are unable to give scientific explanation regarding use of paper but according to them, in presence of paper latex works more effectively. I am aware that paper is also a herbal product. May be the combination of Bamboo (used for paper preparation) and Doomar latex have some synergistic effects. The herb collectors of Gandai region informed that the flowers of Dhawai (Woodfordia fruticosa) can be used externally in treatment of boils. For use, Dhawai flowers are boiled in base oil and when all watery contents evaporate, the boiling is stopped and oil is collected for future use. As base oil Til (Sesame) oil is used. The traditional healers of Gandai region are also well aware of this use but they prefer the use of Jwasa oil in place of Til oil as base oil. Jwasa (Alhagi camelorum) is not a native to Chhattisgarh. The healers purchase dry herb from local herb shops and use it to prepare Jwasa oil. It is a matter of scientific investigation that which oil is more effective as base oil? To suppurate the immature boils the healers of Pendra region use the oil of Bhelwa. The oil is applied externally on boils. Within two-three hours after application the process of suppuration starts. The latex of Champa (Michelia champaca) is used externally to suppress the small boils by the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh. It is considered as one of the promising remedies. Champa is well known ornamental tree in Chhattisgarh planted for its fragrant flowers. The traditional healers of Bastar region use the herb Nirgundi both internally and externally in treatment of boils. Internally, the juice of leaves is used. The patients are advised to take this juice upto long time. Externally the poultice of leaves is applied on boils. According to the healers the internal and external use of Nirgundi (Vitex negundo) not only cures the patients in less time but also prevents the repetition of the trouble. For the treatment of boils common in rainy season, the natives of Chhattisgarh Plains use Bhengra herb. Bhengra grows as common weed in rice fields in this season. By boiling the herb in base oil, the healers prepare a herbal oil. This oil is used externally in treatment of boils. The natives do not use the dry herb in off-season. In winter season, the nature gives them another remedy in form of Bemchi herb. Bemchi is a common weed of winter crops in Chhattisgarh. The leaves of Bemchi (Psoralea corylifolia) are used in form of aqueous paste. The natives are aware of the use of Dhikuar (Aloe vera) gel in treatment of boils. The traditional healers of Kondagaon region use the common herb Jhagadhin (Gloriosa superba) roots in treatment. The aqueous paste of root is applied externally. As root is considered toxic, the healers take special precaution during its use. Jhagadhin herb occurs naturally in this part of Chhattisgarh. As mentioned early, the healers suggest the use off blood purifying herbs with the regular treatment. For information on these herbs, I suggest you to read the previous article. The exhaustive list of herbs used in treatment of boils is enough to confirm that why the natives do not take this trouble seriously. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of Metrorrhagia in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved In Chhattisgarh, I have found very few female traditional healers. This is the reason the female patients have no choice except to take medication from the male traditional healers. Possibly due to this reason, the use of common home remedies is very popular in treatment of gynecological troubles. In simple cases, the female patients prefer home remedies and consult the senior family members regarding its use. But in case of complications, they visit to male traditional healers. In general, the male traditional healers ask very few important questions and recommend herbs and herbal formulations. The female traditional healers I have met during the surveys are not specialized in treatment of gynecological troubles. As an observer, it is odd observation for me but I have noted that the female patients feel comfortable in describing the troubles in front of male traditional healers. Possibly, the simplicity of the healers is one of the responsible factors for hesitation free discussion. As bachelor, it is really difficult for me to collect the information on this aspect, but I have tried sincerely for this work. In present article, I am giving details of some promising herbs and herbal formulations used by these traditional healers of Chhattisgarh in treatment of Metrorrhagia. The traditional healers of Sirsa (Albizia lebbeck) rich areas of Chhattisgarh use the Sirsa bark in treatment. The juice of fresh bark is extracted and equal quantity of cow ghee is added. This combination is given twice a day till complete cure. Like the bark of Sirsa, the use of Semal (Bombax ceiba) bark is also in use. The healers recommend the use of powdered bark with cow milk. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains use the inner bark of Aam (Mangifera indica) for same purpose. Instead of fresh bark, the decoction is prepared by boiling the bark in water and it is given internally. It is considered as one of the promising treatments. According to the traditional healers, in most of the cases the patients get relief within a week. The healers of this region, also prepare a decoction of Chirai Jam (Syzygium cumini) bark in same manner but after preparation of decoction, cow ghee, Shahad (Honey) and sugar are added in it. In simple cases, the healers use the decoction of Aam bark whereas in complicated cases, the decoction of Jamun bark is used. The traditional healers of Durg region use the young leaves of Kaitha (Feronia elephantum) and Bans (Bambusa sp.) In treatment. The healers suggest the patients to cut the leaves into small pieces and after mixing, eat it with Shahad (Honey). This herbal mixture is recommended once in a day till complete cure. Both Kaitha and Bans are common medicinal trees in Chhattisgarh. The healers of Bagbahera region use the bark of Champa (Michelia champaca) in treatment. In normal cases, freshly extracted juice is given internally whereas in complicated cases, the decoction of bark is used. Champa is common ornamental tree in Chhattisgarh. It is also used as medicinal herb. As supplement to regular treatment, the natives of Kanker region recommend the use of Kela (Banana) leaves with cow milk. By boiling the leaves in milk and adding sugar, they prepare sweet dish. This sweet dish is given as supplement. According to the natives in many cases the patients get relief by this sweet dish. The use of Lasa of Pipal (Ficus religiosa) is also popular in this region. The Lasa is boiled in whey and patients are advised to drink the whey with Lasa. This combination is also given as supplement to main treatment. As home remedy, during problem, the natives suggest the patients to take Haldi powder (Turmeric) with sugar. A teaspoonful Haldi is a normal recommended dose. The traditional healers of Bastar region use, the leaves and flowers of Kachnar in treatment. They prepare a special curry with the help of Kachnar leaves and curd. This curry is given once in a day till complete cure. According to the traditional healers it is also useful in treatment of Leucorrhoea. The healers use the flowers of Kachnar with sugar. The use of leaves is preferred. The scientific name of Kachnar is Bauhinia variegata. It is a small or medium-sized tree with pink to purple, fragrant flowers. The traditional healers of Gandai region are aware of use of Dhawai flowers in treatment. The decoction of flower is prepared by boiling it in water. Dhawai (Woodfordia fruticosa) is a valuable medicinal herb in Chhattisgarh. It is one of the important nonwood forest produces of Chhattisgarh having high national and international demand. The traditional healers of Pendra region recommend the decoction of Doomar bark (Ficus glomerata) in treatment. According to them, it is one of the promising remedies used this purpose. The natives of rice growing areas of Chhattisgarh Plains are aware of medicinal uses of common wasteland weed Bariyari (Sida acuta) in treatment. The roots of Bariyari are given with Shahad (Honey) and milk, internally as treatment. This is known as 'Poor man's (woman's, more correctly) formulation'. The traditional healers of this region are also aware of its use. In many parts of Chhattisgarh, the use of Babool bark in form of decoction is also in use. Many of the above mentioned uses have yet not been reported in reference literatures. I am proud to write that this article is the first written document on traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs used in treatment of Metrorrhagia in Chhattisgarh, India. Very soon I will write more on this important aspect. Thank you very much for reading the article. The possibilities of establishing Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) as Indoor ornamental plant Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved Although in India, Chlorophytum species are considered as valuable medicinal herb but in many parts of the world, many Chlorophytum species are planted for its attractive flowers. Chlorophytum comosum is one of such species. I got idea of establishing Safed Musli species as ornamental herb when the visitors unaware of Safed Musli visit to my home garden and observe the white flowers of Safed Musli. They ask whether it is exotic species or it is relative to Rajnigandha (Tuberose). When I inform them, it is not an ornamental herb, it is wonder herb Safed Musli, they suggest me to gift some plants for their gardens also. When you see the Safed Musli flowers in hundreds of acres continuously in crop fields, you will feel that you are in heaven. During field visits to forests in rainy season, in Safed and Kali Musli (Curculigo orchoides) rich areas, I see the ground flora dominated by white and yellow flowers of both Musli plants. Last year when I started working on Safed Musli as ornamental herb my horticulturists friends came forward to support me. Like Airplane lily (Chlorophytum comosum), they have developed hanging basket method for establishing indigenous species of Musli as indoor plant. As its duration is very short, it can be promoted as seasonal flowering plant. When I discussed this idea with the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh specialized in use of Safed Musli as medicinal crop, they encouraged me to proceed in this direction. As Musli is a routine herb for them, and they observe this plant regularly, as ornamental herb they do not prefer it in their home gardens but they supported me because they believe that in the name of ornamental herb it will rich to every home of Chhattisgarh. They instructed me to aware the natives interested in planting Safed Musli species as ornamental herb about its medicinal properties and uses. And also aware them that how simply it can be used for whole family. The educated natives engaged in promotion of indigenous herbs as ornamental herb in home gardens are also welcoming Safed Musli. As it is spineless herb and free from latex, the natives have no problem to adopt it. On the basis of numbers of flowers and floral arrangements, Safed Musli species are differentiated. I personally feel that there is a need for selection of attractive species and establishment of herbal nurseries to fulfill the expected requirements of Safed Musli as ornamental herb. Many studies conducted in different parts of the world have revealed that Chlorophytum comosum if planted as indoor plant helps in purification of air. There is a strong need to evaluate the air purification capacities of Indian Chlorophytum species. Lotus is National Flower of India. We are trying to establish and promote Safed Musli flower as Chhattisgarh state flower because Chhattisgarh is only state in India where the commercial cultivation of Safed Musli is in practice in maximum area. Also, the natural forests of Chhattisgarh are rich source of Safed Musli species. In our initial experiments, we have noted many fungicidal and insecticidal properties of Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum). In rainy season, many pest attack Rose plants. When in small trials, Safed Musli herbs were planted around the Rose plants, we have noted less insect infestation in Rose plants. Encouraged with this experiment, we are now conducting the field trials. We are confident that the presence of Safed Musli herb in home gardens will be of great help for the gardeners specially those engaged in organic gardening. One of the best ways we have found for its promotion as ornamental herb to gift this herb to newly wed couples. According to the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh, if this section of any society will understand the utility of this wonder herb, it will establish automatically in home gardens. There is a strong need to popularize its use as sex tonic in urban areas. Every new work, I start on Safed Musli, I never miss a chance to inform the world community through the articles at Botanical.com because I feel that the herbs like Safed Musli is a boon for all and very limited information on this herb is available with common person. I am fortunate that the mother nature is disclosing these facts through me. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations used as initial measures in treatment of swellings in Chhattisgarh, India Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The natives and traditional healers of Chhattisgarh are aware that there are many reasons responsible for swellings but as initial measures, they use some specific herbs both internally and externally. In most of cases, the swellings subside but in case of complications, they use the other herbs based on the root cause of swellings. Through the ethnobotanical surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh, I have collected few but important informations on common herbs and herbal formulations used for this purpose. I am giving the details in present article. The natives of Chhattisgarh Plains use wheat flour and fruit pulp of Kela (Banana) in treatment of swellings. This combination is applied externally in swelled parts. The natives of Narharpur and Nagri-Sihawa region use Bhelwa bark (Semecarpus anacardium) for this purpose. The aqueous paste of bark is applied externally. These regions of Chhattisgarh are rich in natural population of Bhelwa tree. The traditional healers of Bhopalpatnam region use both Thuhar and Hadjod herbs in treatment of swellings. The latex of Thuhar (Euphorbia neriifolia) is used whereas the fleshy stem of Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis) is used externally. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh Plains use the leaves of wasteland herb Fudhar (Calotropis gigantea) in treatment of swellings. The yellow leaves mixed with cow urine are converted into fine paste and applied in painful parts. The traditional healers of Bagbahera use Fudhar roots in place of leaves. The roots are used in combination with other herbs both internally and externally. Externally, the traditional healers mix the roots of Fudhar, and bark of Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa) and Neem in equal proportions and apply the paste in affected parts. Internally, the healers prepare a decoction by boiling this combination in water. The patients are advised by the healers to take this decoction as treatment. The decoction is also used externally in treatment. According to the traditional healers both internal as well as external treatment at a time cures the trouble in very less time. The traditional healers of Mahasamund region use the Kamhar leaves for this purpose. The fresh leaves of Kamhar (Gmelina arborea) are collected and mixed in cow milk. The aqueous paste is applied externally on swellings. The natives of Sarguja region consider the traditional pulse crop Kulthi (Dolichos biflorus) useful in treatment of swellings. They prepare special decoction by boiling the seeds in water and patients are advised to use it. Due to introduction of hi-yielding pulse crops, the area under Kulthi is decreasing in this part of Chhattisgarh. I have mentioned in previous articles that Kulthi is one of the promising remedies used in treatment of Kidney stones. The use of Amaltas (Cassia fistula) leaves is also popular in many parts of Chhattisgarh. The traditional healer of Mudpar village uses the roots of Dhaincha (Sesbania grandiflora) in combination with Dhatra (Datura stramonium) roots in treatment of swellings. Both roots are mixed in equal proportion with the help for lukewarm water and applied externally on swellings. According to him it is one of the promising treatments. Although the above mentioned traditional uses are less in number but its popularity among the traditional healers, clearly indicates its effectiveness. I have seen the practical uses of these herbs many times during surveys. I have tried many herbs also successfully. Many of the above mentioned traditional uses have yet not been reported in reference literatures. I am fortunate that mother nature has given me chance to document this important knowledge. Thank you very much for reading the article. Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations used in treatment of burning sensations in body : The results of recent surveys Research Note - Pankaj Oudhia © 2001,2002,2003 Pankaj Oudhia - All Rights Reserved The natives and traditional healers of Chhattisgarh are aware of the fact that the burning sensation in body is the results of many complications but as initial measure, they use many herbs and herbal formulations to get rid from these sensations. Through ethnobotanical surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh, I have collected many useful information on this aspect. The traditional healers of Jashpur region, suggest the patients to sleep on bed having Kela and Kamal leaves. According to them, it is one of the promising treatments. The natural forests of Jashpur are full of wild Kela (Banana) herb. Kamal (Lotus) is a common aquatic herb in Chhattisgarh. In general, the natives of Chhattisgarh suggest the patients to increase the intake of Nariyal (Cocos nucifera) to get rid from burning sensations. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh suggest the patients to take more and more Aam (Mango) fruits in summer season as treatment. According to them, the increased consumption of Aam fruits have other health benefits also. This use is very popular among the healers. The indigenous varieties of Aam are preferred for this purpose. The traditional healers also use Hadjod for the same purpose. The aqueous paste is prepared from fleshy stem of Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis) and applied in affected part externally. Many healers apply the fresh latex of Thura (Euphorbia neriifolia) externally for the same purpose. The traditional healers of Khairagarh region use the bark of Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata) internally in combination with zeera (Cumin) in treatment of burning sensation. It is given once in a day till complete cure. The traditional healers of Narharpur region use the fruit pulp of Bahera (Terminalia bellirica) externally for this purpose. The healers of this region also apply the aqueous paste of Neem leaves in treatment of burning sensations. The traditional healers of Pendra region suggest the patients to use Mulethi herb externally in combination with Chandan (Santalum album). The aqueous paste having both herbs is applied externally. The use of Nimbu (Lemon) juice with sugar, internally in also common in many parts of Chhattisgarh. Although the above mentioned traditional uses are less in number but the patients get relief from these herbs and herbal combinations in most of the cases. I have written a lot on this aspect in my previous articles. This article is a supplement to previous articles. Thank you very much for reading the article. (Contd.)