Traditional medicinal knowledge about medicinal insect Papilio demoleus L. (Papilionidae: Lepidoptera) feeding on Bael (Aegle marmelos), in Chhattisgarh, India. Updated Version.

Traditional medicinal knowledge about medicinal insect Papilio demoleus L. (Papilionidae: Lepidoptera) feeding on Bael (Aegle marmelos), in Chhattisgarh, India. Updated Version.

Pankaj Oudhia

Introduction

Entomophagy and Entomotherapy are well known in Asia since generations. Unfortunately not much work has been done to document valuable Traditional Medicinal Knowledge about Insects. Pankaj Oudhia is documenting this knowledge since year 1990. The present note “Traditional medicinal knowledge about medicinal insect Papilio demoleus L. (Papilionidae: Lepidoptera) feeding on Bael (Aegle marmelos), in Chhattisgarh, India.”  is updated version of his previously published online research document available through pankajoudhia.com.

Keywords: Entomophagy; Entomotherapy; Medicinal Insects; Ayurveda; Chhattisgarh;

According to the reference literatures, Papilio demoleus, the Citrus Butterfly, is a highly destructive pest in India and has a countrywide distribution. The damaged caused by the caterpillar to host plant by defoliation is often serious. Seedlings and young plants suffer the most. The adult is a black and yellow swallow-tail butterfly. Eggs are laid in singly or in groups of 2-3 on leaves. The larva grows feeding on the leaves. The full-fed caterpillar is stout and greenish in colour and pupates on the plant. In Chhattisgarh, this insect attacks on Bael (Aegle marmelos) leaves. Bael is well known herb of medicinal importance in Chhattisgarh. It is a medium sized thorny deciduous tree found in the plains and sub-montane regions of India. It is also under cultivation in many parts. The sweet aromatic pulp of fruit is edible whereas fruit rind yields tannin. The mucilaginous substance, secreted around seeds, is used in varnishes and cementing mixtures and also used as an adhesive. The fruits constitute the drug called Bel, which is chiefly used in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. All parts of Bael possess valuable medicinal properties and the natives and traditional healers of Chhattisgarh have in depth traditional knowledge about different medicinal uses of Bael. During the ethnoentomological surveys conducted in different parts of Chhattisgarh particularly in Southern Chhattisgarh I have observed that many traditional healers, aware of infestation of Papilio demoleus, on Bael leaves collect the full fed caterpillars and use it both internally as well as externally in treatment of many diseases. It is used alone or in combination with other herbs. For internal use they prefer the dried caterpillars. The caterpillars collected from Bael leaves are killed and dried in shade. Many healers prefer to keep it under moonlight during drying in order to get more promising results. The dried caterpillars are crushed into powder and stored for future use. For external uses, they prefer the freshly collected larvae. The traditional healers informed me that the use of Bael leaves in many combinations result in harmful effects. In such cases, the caterpillars can play an important role. Few healers use caterpillars with Bael leaves but most of the healers are not in favour of this use. The healers add the dry caterpillars in powder form, in popular herbal combinations used in treatment of all types of bleeding both internally as well as externally. They informed that the internal use of powder alone with lukewarm water is boon for the patients having poor digestion. They recommend its use upto fifteen days for complete cure. In general, they suggest the patients to use it in any part of the year, in the interval of three months, in order to maintain good health. The traditional healers of Kanker region use the freshly collected caterpillars in treatment of boils. In combination with Bariyara (Sida acuta) and Neem leaves, they prepare an aqueous paste and apply it externally on boils. It suppresses the boils effectively. According to the healers, the caterpillars play an important role in eliminating the heat of the boils.

The use of problematic pest Papilio demoleus as medicinal insect has yet not been reported from any part of the world. I am feeling proud to document this important traditional medicinal knowledge. I am confident that the positive attitude towards this insect will help us to prepare the strategies to utilize it for the benefit of human beings rather than to destroy it through harmful agrochemicals.

New comments added on May, 2014

Through recent surveys I have collected new information on medicinal uses of Papilio demoleus collected from Aegle plants. For Cassia overdose the Traditional Healers use Feronia based Formulations. In these Formulations Papilio demoleus is added as secondary ingredient. For Datura toxicity the Healers use Terminalia based Formulations. In these Formulations Papilio demoleus is added as quaternary ingredient. In order to manage the cases of Toona excess the Healers use Cuscuta based Formulations. The Healers add Papilio demoleus as quinary ingredient in these Formulations. In general it is added as secret ingredient and very rarely share information about it.

In Hopea based Formulations for internal bleeding Papilio demoleus is added as septenary ingredient.

These Formulations are popular among the Healers. They are not in favour of its long term use. In Euonymus based Formulations it is added as octonary ingredient. These Formulations are used internally for management of wound in patients with Diabetes. In Astercantha based Formulations used for blood purification Papilio demoleus is added as senary ingredient along with Leonotis. In Medicinal Rice Kanthi Banko based Formulations for boils Papilio demoleus is added as denary ingredient. These Formulations are considered as promising and used internally. In Satyrium based Formulations for blood related diseases Papilio demoleus is added as nonary ingredient. In these Formulations only wild orchids are used.

In Dactylorhiza based Formulations for internal bleeding the Healers of Jharkhand use it with Blumea as secondary ingredient. The Healers of Odisha use it with Madhuca as quaternary ingredient whereas the Healers of Bastar use it with Asparagus as quinary ingredient. For complete information on Formulations and Dosage please visit pankajoudhia.com   

Thank you very much for reading the article.

Related References

Oudhia, Pankaj and Thakur, B.S. (1996). New record of the leaf beetle on a weed. Current Research 25: 218.

Oudhia, P., Kolhe, S.S. and Tripathi, R.S. (1996) Allelopathic effect of Datura stramonium L. on linseed. Agril. Biol. Res. 12 (1&2) : 12-17.

Oudhia, P. (1997) Evaluation of host specificity of Blumea leaf beetle (Chrysolina sp. nr. madrasae Jackoby). Insect Environment. 3 (3): 80.

Oudhia, P. and Tripathi, R.S. (1997).Allelopathic potential of Calotropis gigantea R.Br. World Weeds.4:109-119.

Oudhia, P. and Tripathi, R.S. (1997) Germination and seedling vigour of Soybean as affected by allelopathy of Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Legume Research. 20 (3/4): 227-229.

Oudhia, P., Kolhe, S.S. and Tripathi, R.S.(1997) Allelopathic effect of white top (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) on chickpea. Legume Research. 20 (2): 117-120.

Oudhia, P. and Tripathi, R.S. (1998). Allelopathic potential of Datura stramonium L. Crop. Res. 16 (1): 37-40.

Oudhia, P., Kolhe, S.S. and Tripathi, R.S. (1998) Allelopathic effect of Blumea lacera L. on Rice and common kharif weeds: Oryza 35 (2) : 175-177.

Oudhia, P. and Tripathi, R.S. (1998). Allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on Kodo, Mustard and problematic weeds. Proc. First International Conference on Parthenium Management (Vol. II) UAS, Dharwad 6-8 Oct. 1997: 136-139.

Oudhia, P. and Ganguali, R.N. (1998). Is Lantana camara responsible for Sal-borer infesttation in M.P.? Insect Environment. 4 (1): 5.

Oudhia, P. (1998). Medicinal insects and spiders. Insect Environment. 4(2): 57-58

Banwarilal and Oudhia P. (1999). Beneficial effects of Allelopathy: I . Crop Production.Indian J. Weed Sci. 31(1&2): 103-105

Oudhia, P. (1999) Effect of some botanicals on hatchability of Blumea leaf beetle eggs. Insect Environment. 4(4): 154

Oudhia, P. (1999). Studies on Allelopathy and medicinal weeds in chickpea fields. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter (ICRISAT) 6: 29-33.

Oudhia, P. (1999) Blumea leaf beetle in Chhattisgarh Plains. Insect Environment. 5 (1): 22.

Oudhia, P. and Ganguli, J. (1999). Outbreak of Tortoise beetle Aspidomorpha miliaris F. (Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae) in Chhattisgarh plains. Insect Environment 5(3): 110-111.

Oudhia, P. (1999). Effects of Total Solar Eclipse on activities of some insects and mites. Insect Environment 5(3): 113-114.

Oudhia, P. (1999). Traditional medicinal knowledge about Red velvet mite Trombidium sp. (Acari : Trombidiidae) in Chhattisgarh. Insect Environment 5(3): 113.

Oudhia P., Pandey N. and Tripathi R.S. (1999). Allelopathic effects of obnoxious weeds on germination and seedling vigour of hybrid rice. Internaitonal Rice Research Notes (IRRI). 24(2): 36.

Oudhia P, Pandey N, Ganguli RN & Tripathi RS (1999) Gall midge (Orseolia oryzae) infestation in hybrid rice as affected by agronomical practices. Insect Environment 4: 123–124.

Oudhia P, Pandey N, Tripathi RS & Ganguli RN (1999) Effect of nitrogen and water management practices on gall midge (Orseolia oryzae) infestation in hybrid rice. Insect Environment 4: 119–120.

Oudhia P, Pandey N, Tripathi RS & Ganguli RN (1999) Reaction of hybrid rice varieties to gall midge (Orseolia oryzae).. Insect Environment 4 (4): 134.

Oudhia P, Pandey N, Tripathi RS & Ganguli RN (1999) Effect of different fertility levels on the gall midge (Orseolia oryzae) infestation.. Insect Environment 4 (3): 66-67.

Oudhia, P. and Ganguli, R. N. (1999) Chrysolina madrassae: A potential bio-control agent for Blumea lacera. VIII Biennial Conference of Indian Society of Weed Science held at BHU, Varanasi 5-7 Feb. p 134.

Oudhia, P., Tripathi, R.S. and Katiyar, P. (1999). Weed management through Green Allelochemicals: An eco-friendly approach towards sustainable agriculture. National Seminar on Chemistry of Environmental Pollution with Special Emphasis on Pesticides organised by Dept. of Chemistry, Govt. DB Girls P.G.College, Raipur (M.P.) 28-29 Jan. p 22.

Oudhia, P., (1999). The possibilities of utilizing beneficial effects of Indian classical music for crop production with special reference to Chhattisgarh: A Review. National Seminar. on Music, Kamla Devi Sangeet Mahavidyalaya, Raipur, 12-14 March. p 5.

Oudhia, P., (1999). Application of Homoeopathic and Biochemic drugs in crop production: A Review. National Seminar on Homoeopathy, Indian Homoeopathic Organisation, Homoeopathic College, Raipur, 27-28 Feb. p 3.

Vyas, S. and Oudhia, P. (1999). Parthenium hysterophorus L. : A potential threat to the public health, crop productivity and bio-diversity of Chhattisgarh. National Seminar on Geography. with Special Emphasis on Environment, Durga College, Raipur, 6-7 Mar. p 3.

Gupta A., Thakur M.P. and Oudhia P. (2000). Effects of different Homoeopathic drugs prepared from common weeds on radial growth of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus membranaceus) under in vitro condition. Research on Crops 1(2):255-257.

Oudhia, P. (2000). Studies on host specificity and preference of the metallic coloured Tortoise beetle (Aspidomorpha miliaris F.) Ecol. Env. And Cons. 6(3):357-359.

Oudhia, P. (2000). Effects of leaf extracts on Metallic Coloured Tortoise beetle Aspidomorpha miliaris F. Insect Environment 5(4): 165.

Oudhia, P. (2000). Toxic effects of Parthenium leaf extracts on Aspidomorpha miliaris F. and Zonabris pustulata Thunb. Insect Environment 5(4): 168.

Oudhia,P. (2000).Evaluation of some botanicals against orange banded blister beetle(Zonabris pustulata Thunb.).Crop Research 20(3):558-559

Oudhia,P.(2000).Record of Orange Banded Blister Beetle Zonabris pustulata Thunb.(Coleoptera: Meloidae) on Safed Moosli(Chlorophytum borivilianum).Insect Environment.6(3):138

Oudhia,P.(2000).Effect of some leaf leachates on hatchability of Blumea leaf beetle(Chrysolina madrasae Jackoby) Eggs.Indian J. Weed Sci. 32(3&4):206-207.

Oudhia, P. (2000). Traditional medicinal knowledge about green leaf hopper, Nephotettix spp. in Chhattisgarh (India). International Rice Research Notes.25 (3):40

Oudhia, P. (2000). Common housefly Musca nebulo Wiedemann (Diptera: Muscidae) as medicinal insect in Chattisgarh. Insect Environment. 6(1):36-37.

Oudhia, P. (2000). Germination and seedling vigour of kodomillet as affected by Allelopathy of Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 5(4) NS: 383-384.

Oudhia, P. (2000). Parthenium hysterophorus: a new weed in upland rice fields of the Chattisgarh Plains(India).International Rice Research Notes (IRRN).25.1:34.

Oudhia, P. (2000). Positive (inhibitory) Allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus leaves on germination and seedling vigour of sunflower.Crop Research 20(3):560-562.

Oudhia, Pankaj (2000). "Problems perceived by safed moosli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) growers of Chhattisgarh (India) region: a study." Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 22.4a (2000): 396-399.

Oudhia, P. (2001). Traditional medicinal knowledge about Pod borer Helicoverpa armigera in Chhattisgarh, India. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter.8:14-15.

Oudhia, P. (2001). Allelopathic research on chickpea seeds in Chattisgarh (India) region: An overview. Ecol. Env. and Cons.7(1):31-34.

Oudhia, P. (2001). Stimulatory Allelopathy of Ageratum conyzoides L. on soybean.Agri. Sci. Digest. v.21(1):55-56.

Oudhia, P. (2001). Medicinal insects of Kharif crops and weeds of Chattisgarh (India). VII National Science Conference, Bharitya Krishi Anusandhan Samitee, Directorate of Cropping System Research, Meerut, India, 12-14 April.

Oudhia, P. (2001). Record of Aphis craccivora Koch.(Hemiptera: Aphididae) on medicinal crop Mucuna pruriens L. in Chhattigarh (India). Insect Environment. 7(1):24.

Oudhia, P. (2001). Traditional medicinal knowledge about Bed Bug Cimex lectularius L.(Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Chhattisgarh (India). Insect Environment. 7(1):23.

Oudhia, P. (2001). Phyllotreta crucifera Goeze: A new pest of medicinal crop Lepidium sativum L. in Chhattisgarh (India).In: Souvenir cum Abstracts. National Research Seminar on Herbal Conservation, Cultivation, Marketing and Utilization with Special Emphasis on Chhattisgarh, ‘The Herbal State’. Srishti Herbal Academy and Research Institute (SHARI) and Chhattisgarh Minor Forest Produce (Trading & Dev.) Co-operative Fedration Ltd., Raipur (India), 13-14 December, 2001. p.74.

Oudhia, P. (2001). Improved cultivation practices for medicinal crops: glimpses of research of farmers' fields in Chhattisgarh (India).In: Oudhia P, editor. Souvenir-cum-abstracts. National Research Seminar on Herbal Conservation, Cultivation, Marketing and Utilization with Special Emphasis on Chhattisgarh, The Herbal State, Srishti Herbal Academy and Research Institute (SHARI), 13-14 December 2001. p 44.

Oudhia, P. (2001). Evaluation of Allelopathic effects of some fruit tree leaf extracts on emergence and seedling vigour of Lathyrus var.Biol-212.Legume Res. 24(3):207-208.

Oudhia, P. (2001). Germination and seedling vigour of wheat as affected by allelopathy of some obnoxious weed.Agric.Sci.Digest. 21(4):275-276.

Oudhia, P. (2001). Phyto-sociological studies of rainy season wasteland weeds with special reference to Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Raipur (India) district. Asian Jr. of Microbiol. Biotech & Env. Sc.3 (1-2):89-92.

Oudhia, P. (2001). My experiences with world’s top ten Indian medicinal plants: Glimpses of research at farmer’s field in Chhattisgarh (India).In: Abstract. Workshop cum Seminar on Sustainable Agriculture for 21st Century, IGAU, Raipur, India, 20-21 Jan.

Oudhia, P. (2002). Traditional medicinal knowledge about common insects and mites in India. Eco. Env and Consv. 8(4):339-340.

Oudhia, P. (2002). Rice-Acorus intercropping: a new system developed by innovative farmers of Chhattisgarh (India).International Rice Research Notes. 27 (1):56.

Oudhia, P. (2002). Traditional medicinal knowledge about Red Ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Fab.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Chattisgarh, India. Insect Environment.8 (3):114-115.

Oudhia, P. (2002). Traditional medicinal knowledge about Fireflies, Photuris sp.(Coleoptera : Lampyridae)in Chhattisgarh (India). Insect Environment, Vol.8 (1):25

Oudhia, P. (2005). Traditional Knowledge about medicinal insects and mites in Chhattisgarh, India: An overview. International Conference on “Promotion and Development of Botanicals with International Coordination: Exploring quality, safety, efficacy and regulations”. February 25- 26, 2005 Supported by: Drug Information Association, USA Secretariat: School of Natural Product Studies Jadavpur university, Kolkata 700032.)

Costa-Neto, E. M. (2005). Entomotherapy, or the medicinal use of insects.Journal of Ethnobiology, 25(1), 93-114.

Oudhia, P., 2007. Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands

Oudhia, P., 2007. Agave americana L. In: Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Editors). Prota 11(1): Medicinal plants/Plantes médicinales 1. [CD-Rom]. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Oudhia, P., 2007. Cordia myxa L. [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands. . Accessed 27 April 2014.

Oudhia, P., 2008. Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. In: Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Editors). Prota 11(1): Medicinal plants/Plantes médicinales 1. [CD-Rom]. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Oudhia, P., 2008. Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster. In: Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Editors). Prota 11(1): Medicinal plants/Plantes médicinales 1. [CD-Rom]. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Oudhia, P. (2008). Series on Wilderness medicines (Expedition medicines) of Indian state Chhattisgarh. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). The Indian experiences on organic farming of medicinal and aromatic crops useful for African herb growers. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). New record of Aspidomorpha miliaris F. (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae) on Shorea robusta in Gariaband region of Indian state Chhattisgarh. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). One summer day with Traditional healers, Herb Collectors and forest of Gariaband and Rajim regions of Indian state Chhattisgarh. Part-I. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Dataiya (Paper Wasp) in Biodiversity rich Indian state Chhattisgarh. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Note on Scientific Report titled ‘Traditional medicinal knowledge about herbs and herbal combinations used in treatment of Type II Diabetes in India with special reference to Chhattisgarh’. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). That’s how Climate Change is affecting Traditional Healing. 1. Interactions with Traditional Healers having expertise in use of medicinal mite Trombidium in Indian state Chhattisgarh. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Extremely Complex Traditional Formulations are important in treatment of Type II Diabetes and associated troubles. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). The search for Man faced bug Catacanthus incarnatus in Indian state Chhattisgarh. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Through Bhavri and Medicinal Herbs Epilepsy is treated in Chhattisgarh. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Impact of Globalization on Biodiversity with Special emphasis on Livelihood of poor and marginalised: A case study of Raigarh Region, Chhattisgarh, India. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Search for New Medicinal Insects and Mites in Indian State Chhattisgarh. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Prevent and cure Chikungunya through traditional medicinal knowledge this time. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Bird diversity of Barnawapara wildlife sanctuary, Chhattisgarh , India . http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Are all Gram caterpillars possess same medicinal properties? (New comments and results of recent [year 2005 onwards] Ethnobotanical surveys). http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Some unique traditional ways of herb collection in Chhattisgarh, India. (New comments and results of recent [year 2005 onwards] Ethnobotanical surveys). http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Status of Mexican Beetle Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister in Chhattisgarh, India. (New comments and results of recent [year 2005 onwards] Ethnobotanical surveys). http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). My observations and experiences with Parrots of Chhattisgarh with special reference to Barnawapara wildlife Sanctuary region. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Recent Interactions with Farmers of Barnawapara wildlife sanctuary region, Chhattisgarh, India having traditional knowledge about organic farming. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Recent interactions with farmers of Chhattisgarh Plains , India facing problem of Monkey nuisance. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Traditional Shurbut (Sherbet) based 365 days schedule (XVIII) for Heart patients (at second stage) suggested by Traditional Healers of Indian state Chhattisgarh. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Ethnobotanical survey in Ghata Rani Forest region of Indian state Chhattisgarh during July. 2008. Part-I. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Ethnobotanical survey in Ghata Rani Forest region of Indian state Chhattisgarh during July. 2008. Part-II. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Ethnobotanical survey in Ghata Rani Forest region of Indian state Chhattisgarh during July. 2008. Part-III. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Possible ways to protect Biodiversity of Indian state Chhattisgarh from increasing number of tourists and pressure created by them. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Remain fit during this Deepawali festival season with the help of traditional medicinal knowledge. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). The on-going experiments of the traditional healers with medicinal insect Tortoise beetle Aspidomorpha miliaris (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Chhattisgarh, India. (New comments and results of recent [year 2005 onwards] Ethnobotanical surveys). http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). On-going studies on medicinal insect Blumea leaf beetle Chrysolina madrasae (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae), by the traditional healers of Chhattisgarh, India: Some new findings. (New comments and results of recent [year 2005 onwards] Ethnobotanical surveys). http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). The partially submerged hills in Dam areas in Chhattisgarh, India. : The promising spots for biodiversity study. (New comments and results of recent [year 2005 onwards] Ethnobotanical surveys). http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, P. (2008). Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and insects: Interactions with the natives of village Khudmudi, Chhattisgarh, India: New comments.. http://www.Ecoport.org

Oudhia, Pankaj and Paull Robert E. (2008). Monkey Jack Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb., Moraceae p485-487. Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts - 2008, J. Janick and R. E. Paull -editors, CABI, Wallingford, United Kingdom

Oudhia, Pankaj and Paull Robert E. (2008). Butter tree Madhuca latifolia Roxb. Sapotaceae p827-828. Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts - 2008, J. Janick and R. E. Paull -editors, CABI, Wallingford, United Kingdom

Oudhia, Pankaj and Paull Robert E. (2008). Chironji Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Anacardiaceae p14-15. Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts - 2008, J. Janick and R. E. Paull -editors, CABI, Wallingford, United Kingdom

Oudhia, Pankaj and Paull Robert E. (2008). West Indian Almond Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae. p273-276.. Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts - 2008, J. Janick and R. E. Paull -editors, CABI,Wallingford, United Kingdom

Oudhia, Pankaj (2009).Management of Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia grisea [=P. oryzae]) in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. B. Azadirachta indica based formulations. [Internet]. Version 1. Knols of Pankaj Oudhia. 2009 Oct 6. Available from: http://pankajoudhiaknols.wordpress.com/article/management-of-magnaporthe-grisea-3nerdtj3s9l79-15/.

Horgan, F. G., & Crisol, E. (2013). Hybrid rice and insect herbivores in Asia. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 148(1), 1-19.

Majumdar, Ushinor (2013). A fight to save Traditional Medicines. Tehelka. 2013-07-27, Issue 30 Volume 10. http://www.tehelka.com/a-fight-to-save-traditional-medicines/

Oudhia, P. (2013). Red Rice based Traditional Herbal Formulations for Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Medicinal Rice Formulations (1990-2013) in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database at pankajoudhia.com

Oudhia, P. (2013). Red Rice based Traditional Herbal Formulations for Abnormal prostate. Medicinal Rice Formulations (1990-2013) in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database at pankajoudhia.com

Oudhia, P. (2013). Red Rice based Traditional Herbal Formulations for Achalasia. Medicinal Rice Formulations (1990-2013) in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database at pankajoudhia.com

Oudhia, P. (2013). Red Rice based Traditional Herbal Formulations for Acid reflux. Medicinal Rice Formulations (1990-2013) in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database at pankajoudhia.com

Oudhia, P. (2014). Medicinal Rice Maharaji with Red, Brown and Black Rice based Traditional Herbal Formulations for Farmer's lung. Medicinal Rice Formulations (1990-2014) in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database at pankajoudhia.com

Oudhia, P. (2014). Medicinal Rice Maharaji with Red, Brown and Black Rice based Traditional Herbal Formulations for Fast heartbeat. Medicinal Rice Formulations (1990-2014) in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database at pankajoudhia.com

Oudhia, P. (2014). Medicinal Rice Maharaji with Red, Brown and Black Rice based Traditional Herbal Formulations for Fatal granulomatosis of childhood. Medicinal Rice Formulations (1990-2014) in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database at pankajoudhia.com

Oudhia, P. (2014). Medicinal Rice Maharaji with Red, Brown and Black Rice based Traditional Herbal Formulations for Fecal incontinence. Medicinal Rice Formulations (1990-2014) in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database at pankajoudhia.com

Oudhia, P. (2014). Medicinal Rice Maharaji with Red, Brown and Black Rice based Traditional Herbal Formulations for Fibrolamellar carcinoma. Medicinal Rice Formulations (1990-2014) in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database at pankajoudhia.com

Citation

Oudhia, Pankaj (2014). Traditional medicinal knowledge about medicinal insect Papilio demoleus L. (Papilionidae: Lepidoptera) feeding on Bael (Aegle marmelos), in Chhattisgarh, India. Updated Version. pankajoudhia.com