NATIONAL RESEARCH SEMINAR ON HERBAL CONSERVATION, CULTIVATION, MARKETING AND UTILIZATION WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON CHHATTISGARH “THE HERBAL STATE” DEC. 13-14, 2001 by EcoPort version by Pankaj Oudhia 3
T.R. Sahu & P. Sahu & B.P. Nonhare Deptt. Of Botany, Dr. H.S.G.V.V., Sagar. ABSTRACT Madhya Pradesh and chhattisgarh are rich in Biodiversity and have given high priority for cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants because they occupy an important place in the economy of tribal. The state, are dominated by tribal people living in forest, whose source of livelihood is minor forest produce by the medicinal plants, Thus over exploitation of medicinal plants has resulted into extinction of many important species of medicinal plants. At present collection and trade of medicinal plant is very unsystematic. These are mostly collected by the tribal with traditional knowledge and techniques and therefore, they get very low price on one hand on the other hand due to nonscientific collection some of the plant species are in danger for their survival. In the world trade. Today, the demands that the plant based material viz. Drugs and perfumery natural products is on the increase day by day. In this regard, promotion and cultivation of economically viable medicinal and aromatic plants on the state has been emphasized to boost economic status of tribal and farmers and biodiversity conservation. Farmers can earn more by cultivating medicinal plants. Than the traditional forming. Howeverm the International trade of medicinal/other plants should be controlled by CITES. Government of M.P. has given strong priority/support for conservation of Biodiversity in M.P. In pursuance of the above Govt. of M.P. has constituted a Biodiversity Board, under the Chairmanship of Shri Digvijay Singh, Hon'ble Chief Minister, Govt. of M.P. Internationally renowned scientisT, Dr. M.S. Swaminathan is advisor, I am (senior aultior )one of the subject expert of this standing committee of the biodiversity Board. Looking into the importance and priority given by the Govt. of M.P. the Council has proposed to develop centres in various potential areas like Chitrakoot, Mandsaur. These centers will impart demonstration of agro-technologies of cultivation and propagation of medicinal plants developed by National Institutes like RRL, Jammu and Bhubneshwar, CIMAP, Lucknow to local people. For biodiversity conservation, important plants of respective area will also be planted, various activities of training/demonstration/cultivation/conservation are emphasized by networking of universities/colleges, NGO's Government agencies at district and block level with the objective, to provide broader scope and magnetite for rural employment and generate resource to the poor as a part of internal rural development. I am happy to note that in a newly borne state i.e. chhattisgarh, which a is a centre of lot of natural resources, where many rare and valuable medicinal plants are abundantly found in the forests, SHARI (Srishti Herbal Academy and Research Institute) is only reputed herbal Research Institute conducting research on various aspects of herbs. This seminar will be mile stone and will provide a forum for scientists of all disciplines, students and researcher and administration policies makers to discuss on the matter of Herbal resource from chhattisgarh and formulate the new strategies for their sustainable utilization and conservation looking to the requirement of local Indigenous tribal people. TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES IN BACOPA MONNIERI AND CENTELLA ASIATICA. SAMPATH, P.1, MUTHURAMAN, G.2 & JAYARAMAN, P.3 1& 2 - DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, PRESIDENCY COLLEGE, CHENNAI-5. 3 - INSTITUTE OF PLANT ANATOMY, CHENNAI. ABSTRACT Two medicinal plants of high therapeutic potency namely {{Bacopa monnieri}e} and {{Centella sciatica}e} used for improving memory were selected in this study. Suitable biotechnological methods for improvement and conservation were studied. Different explants for shoot and callus initiation was studied. The frequency of shoot induction was higher in nodal and leaf explants of Bacopa monnieri. Leaf explants produced around 13 adventitious shoots on average. In Centella asiatica nodes and stolons responded favourably producing shoots. The induction of calli from various tissues in the presence of different auxins were studied. Picloram and 2,4 - D were found to increase the callusing capacity at high concentration. IAA did not cause any callus at any concentration. Optimum concentration suitable for both auxins are also studied. Rate of growth of calli from leaf explants of both species were calculated. Experiments were conducted for optimization of explant preparation and cutting techniques for induction of multiple shoots which are useful for micro propagation. Thidiazuron was found to be the best cytokinin to increase the fresh weight of the cultures and solid media was found to be better than liquid medium. The growth of the calli in Centella asiatica with 2,4-D in culturing media was more suitable than IAA. For adventitious shoot induction in leaf explants of Bacopa monnieri, different cutting techniques were carried out. In the explants with two or more produced nearly twenty five shoots for every explant. For long term storage of In Vitro plants suitable culture media which were amended were tested and suitable amended media is suggested for Bacopa monnieri. This reduces sub culturing and to avoid damage to tissues for long term strage. Regeneration of plants from leaflet explants of tissue culture raised {{Ruta graveolens}e}, a multipurpose medicinal plant Yogeshwar Mishra, F. Shirin and A.K. Mandal Tropical Forest Research Institute P.O.-R.F.R.D., Mandla Road, Jabalpur (M.P.) INDIA ABSTRACT {{Ruta graveolens}e} is a member of Rutaceae and native of the Mediterranean region. The herb is considered to resolvent, diuretic, stimulant, antispasmodic and rheumatism. The entire plant is used as indigenous system of medicine. Shoot bud regeneration was achieved from leaflet explants of Ruta graveolens on MS semi-solid medium with graded numbers of adventitious buds were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2mg/1 BA and 1 mg/1 2,4 D.86.66% rooting of in vitro regenerated shoots was obtained on half strength MS semi solid medium supplemented with 3 mg/1 IBA. In vitro raised plantlets were successfully hardened with 100% survival. Exploring possibility of induced vigour for rapid multiplication of black Pepper by using Piper colubrinum rootstock Patil B.P., Waghmare G.M. Shinde, A.K. , Pujari K.H. and Godse S.K. Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle 416516, Dist. Sindhudurg. (MS) ABSTRACT Black pepper is both a medicinal plant as well as spice very commonly used in Indian homes. It is usually multiplied by stem cuttings of non-fruiting vines. Recently Piper colubrinum has been reported as compatible and phytophthora wilt resistant rootstock for black pepper. Investigations at the Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle (MS) revealed that the root stock imparts added vigour to the grafted black pepper than a cutting propagated from non fruiting vine. This prompted to exploit rootstock induced vigorous growth of black pepper for rapid multiplication in place of non-fruiting vines usually used. Piper colubrinum grafted black pepper can be planted at a close distance under artificial shade nets (50%) for multiplication purpose. Because of fast growth of the grafted pepper mature cuttings could be removed for raising pepper seedlings at frequent intervals. This method can save the cost of beds and big shades which are normally used for multiplication of black pepper and enable mass multiplication of black pepper at rapid rate. Coppice grafting technique for transforming local Aonla (Phylanthus embellica L) into improved variety S.B. Deshpande, B.P. Patil, P.J. Kshirsagar and A.K. Shinde Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle ABSTRACT Aonla (Phylanthus embellica), is the most popular premium medicinal plant having diverse medicinal properties. No other medicinal plant is exploited on such a large scale as aonla. The indigenous Aonla types are usually having small fruits and low yield. With a view to evolve nursery technique to transform such local types investigations were carried out at the Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle (MS). For this purpose, the local seedling plants were cut at one metre height from ground level in the month of October and entire crown was removed. The main trunk started sprouting within four weeks and produced number of small and big sprouts called coppices. These coppices (sprouts) were ready for grafting in the month of January-February. Out of the several coppices four healthy and vigorous sprouts were selected for grafting.The softwood grafting method with wedge grafting technique was used for transforming the selected four coppices into the high yield variety N.A. 7 with big fruit size (35 to 40 g/fruit). Mature terminal shoots (15cm long) were selected as scion sticks (1/2 cm thick) for grafting. The graft union was successful after 3 weeks when the scion sticks started sprouting. For early sprouting of the graft scion stick were covered by plastic bag which were removed after spronting started after grafting. The investigation provided evidence for successfully transforming the local aonla plants into improved high yielding type by coppice grafting and could be widely exploited for mass transformation of the low yielding local types into high yielding ones with big fruit size acceptable in market fetching premium price to this widely used medicinal fruit. Studies on Withania somnifera : Effect of Na-dikegulac on biomass production and Withaferin A content. S. Ghosh and K. Gupta. Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan-713104, West Bengal, India. ABSTRACT Withania somnifera, the Indian Ginseng, which does not grow in West Bengal in wild condition was attempted to cultivate both in rainy season and winter in loamy clay soil of the district of Burdwan, W.B. Seedlings were raised in nursery beds and transplanted after 90 days. Overall growth and dry weight of root and shoot was relatively much higher in plants grown in rainy season. Withaferin A content in terms of dry weight basis was also high in rainy season. Na-Dikegulac, a plant growth retardant (500-750 ppm) effectively increased the leaf number per plant there by increasing overall dry mass in both the season. The content of withaferin A increased in both the seasons by the application of Na-Dikegulac but the extent of increase was much higher in rainy season. It appears that plant growth retardant like Na-Dikegulac can be effectively explored in increasing biomass and withaferin productivity for commercial purposes. Germination behavior of Rauwolfia serpentina Benth in association with VAM fungi. S. Choudhury, J.B. Bhandari and K. Gupta Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan-713104, West Bengal, India. ABSTRACT Freshly harvested seeds of Rauwolfia serpentina Benth after sundrying exhibited no visible germination at laboratory condition i.e. at 250 C in light or dark. Increase or decrease in the temperature profile did not show any change. Pretreatment with germination promoters like GA3 and KNO3 of different concentrations was not effective in case of gerrmination of R. serpentina. Due to presence of hard seed coat, treatments like acid scarification with sulfuric acid, de-coating by sodium hypochloride and different alternate temperature alone or in combination when subjected to the seeds of R. serpentina, altogether failed to produce germination though imbibition percentage (weight basis) increased. Normal seeds showed 15% germination when they were associated with VAM fungi. Germination percentage increased when seeds were exposed to alternate temperature (35%), sodium hypochlorite (60%) and sulphuric acid (80%) pretreatment in association with VAM fungi. Initiation of germination also accelerated with these treatments. Root cortex of the seedlings showed presence of endotopic mycorrhizal fungal colony. Plant growth retardants and medicinal plants : Effect of BAS 111 (a triazole), sodium Dikegulac and CCC on Sida spp. S. Seal and K. Gupta Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan-713104, West Bengal, India. ABSTRACT The genus Sida, with about 200 species, is reported as medicinal plant since remote past for treatment of different diseases especially asthma and other chest ailments. However, no scientific effort has been made for systematic analyses of the genus and to increase productivity either biomass or alkaloids. The present study showed that the performance of plants sown in premonsoon is distinctly superior to monsoon and post monsoon grown plants. Plant growth retardants like BAS 111 and sodium dikegulac at mode rate concentration were highly successful in increasing leaf and root productivity but CCC failed to do so. Ephedrine, choline and Betaine content increased substantially when evaluated spectrophotometrically, through TLC and finally through HPLC. Agronomic prospect of such chemicals in medicinal plants, therefore, suggested. DOCUMENTATION & CONSERVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN BASTAR OF CHHATTISGARH V.K. Choudhary, S.K. Sharma and A.K. Singh* * Department of Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur - 492012 Chhattisgarh. ABSTRACT The study aims to examining an inventory of different medicinal plant species and to documents various conservation methods and use to medicinal plants in Bastar Districts of Chhattisgarh. To collect the information, 60 numbers of households were randomly selected from 2 villages of Jagdalpur Block of {{Bastar}g} District. Information about various medicinal plant species and their uses were also collected from, Baigas, Ayurved, local practitioner, local markets etc. The study reveals that the number of medicinal plants are found in study area and utilized by the tribals for medicinal purpose. The important medicinal plants uses by tribal people are Chirayta, White Musli, Anwla, Ashwagandha, Harra, Bahera etc. Anwla and Ashwagandha is used for diabetes and worm problem and tuberculosis. Bybring Harra, Bahra, Musli, Satavar and several medicinal plants are use to cure most of the disease by the tribals and also collected and marketed. The medicinal plants material collected and marketed by tribals through Government and NGOs who export such material outside the country and supply to different agencies which the country. Study suggested that there is an urgent need to identification and documentation of various medicinal plants species. Looking to the potential of some of the medicinal plant species and non-timber forest products resources, there is a need to establish pharmaceutical industries and forest based small scale industries in the region. MUSHROOMS AND FOREST DWELLERS IN HERBAL STATE CHHATTISGARH R.V. Shukla Department of Botany C.M.D. College Bilaspur (C.G.)-495001, INDIA ABSTRACT Chhattisgarh is a newly borne state consisting moist and semi moist red wood forests which are well known for their rich biodiversity. Besides the forests there are innumerable edible mushrooms like Amanita, Agaricus, Cantharellus, Coprinus, Lactarius, Lentinus, Psilocybe, Pleurotus, Russula, {{Termitomyces]e}, {{Volvariella]e} etc. The tribal population is the only measure source for the commercial prodction of these mushrooms, as the collection of large number of edible mushrooms is available in vast area of different forest ranges. During per&post mansoon season tribal used to collect mostly termitomyces, Geastrum, Volvariella, during early hours and sells in their local market. It seems to be general agreement about the superior nutritive value of Termitomyces locally called "putu" When compared with other edible mushroom. Many mushroom species such as Boletus, Cantharellus, Russula, and Lactarius, Geastrum are nearly always found associated with certain tree species such as Shorea robusta, Dandrocalamus sp., Tectona grandis, Pinus roxburghii, etc. Besides the ectomycorrhizal assosiation there are edible mushrooms obtained from different habitats like fresh plant residues, compost materials, soil & humps, megalithic lateritic monuments, wood logs, paddy straw heap etc. Local people are not familiar with the need for in situ conservation to maintain yearly availability. However they posses some understanding of ecological inter relationship of the various components of forest. In Chhattisgarh none of these species is cultivated for commercial exploitation. Number of attempts made to popularize the cultivation of pleurotus sps. But it did not yield tangible results. The cultivation of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is not feasible due to high atmospheric temperature. There are no available data on the microbial diversity particularly of tropical mushroom primarily due to the lack of mycologists for working in most geographical region of the state. However in my experience Agaricus, Cantharellus Lentnus Pleurotus, Russula, Volvariella are the important for their number of species in different forest ranges. During an ecological study in Puerto Rico, Lodge (1988) estimated that 20-30 percent of the Agaricus, she found were new species. Dennis (1970) listed 2412 species of macro fungi in his fungal biota of {{Venezuella}e}. There is no incentive to conserve tropical mushrooms of Chhattisgarh which is deemed for herbal state. As a consequence measure of in-situ conservation and ex-situ conservation are not supported at government level, even when for instance wild relatives of important food crops are threatened. Mushrooms present a real and potential medical interest, since their metabolites releases essential substances (enzymes) active upon a given function of the body or efficient inhibiting the development of parasite and they may improve human health by supplying trace elements and vitamins. Antitumar effects have been reported while the extracts of various edible fungi including Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus etc. compounds extracted from Agaricus bisporus, Lentinus edodes, Coprinus comatus have been r4eported to have antifungal and antibacterial properties. The tribal communities in Chhattisgarh occupy forested regions where for a long period in their history. They have lived in isolated but in harmony with nature. They draw their sustenance largely from the forests. Even in areas where forests do not exists, the tribal still visit distant forests periodically and try to get their traditional requirement. They have a very close linkage with their forest habitat which they regard as their mother deity. The most interesting in tribes in Chhattisgarh the Baigas which are familiar with number of biological species. They have developed a Pharmacopoeia based upon wild mushrooms which remains almost unknown to scientists. Thus appropriate use of knowledge of Baigas and other tribes in the distribution of mushrooms may add a significant dimensions to the mushroom technology. Under present consequences of deforestation and the influence of marginal environment in undulating topography of the hilly regions places a severe limitation on irrigation as a support to agriculture. The production of rice has gone down and animal husbandry is also equally threatened and the tribal population suffer from acute protein mal nutrition and throughout the state, the existing knowledge of native flora & fauna and their use by the aboriginal people is disappearing due to shifting of the tribal from natural habitats to other States. Today many agencies from out side the state are involved in exporting Termitomyces and germplasm collection of wild mushrooms. And no corresponding information is being gathered on local uses of these indigenous varieties of mushrooms. The social structure of the tribals can be profitably utilized for In situ conservation of mushrooms. Since the production of mushroom is a labour intensive programme hence with lot of unemployment and poverty in both urban & rural area mushroom technology would be more appropriate. Therefore, more emphasis should be given for the conservation of herbacious flora rather than cultivation. Microwave Treatment For Protection of Herbal Plants in Chhattisgarh S.K. Srivastava Astt. Professor, Deptt. Of physics & Electronics Govr. P.G. College, Ambikapur (C.G.) ABSTRACT The advancement in the microwave theory and techiniques due to the tremendous research and development efforts has widened its horizon and now a days microwave system are being extensively used in various disciplines such as radar telecontrol, tlemetry, television, radio astronomy, radio bacon, satellite communication and many others. Due to smallest wavelength and higher frequency, microwave have been used for industrial, scientific and medical application at frequencies 896, 950, 2450, 3300, 5800, 10525 MHz. Most industrial application of microwaves utilised the heating effect of microwaves in the industrial process like cooking, baking, puffing, drying, curing, evaporating, sterlising, moulding etc. many industries such as food, chemicals, rubber, textiles, plastics, paper, ceramic, cosmetics etc uses microwave energy. From above literature review it is found that microwave energy are much more important in daily events which are happening in nature. In the present investigation our aim is to apply the microwave energy obtained for protection of herbal plants. Since chhattisgarh region having plenty of herbal plants, therefore for cure and maintance purpose microwave energy is much more useful. Microwave energy obtained from Klystron source is passes through solotted line section and wave guide of required dimension. Frequency of incident signal is measured using frequency meters, VSWR meter is also linked with istrument to measure standing wave patterens. It is found that some selected frequency in X band are partially absorbed by the plants depending upon the selection of incident frequency. High frequency of microwaves also destroy the colonies of insecticide which is present in herbal plants. Microwave high fequency viberation technique (MHFVT) is applied to predict the life style of herbal plants and this techinque is also useful for protection from insecticide. Details measurement and analysis will be discussed in full papers. ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN HERBAL CONSERVATION MEDHA SINGH Facucity Member, Srishti Herbal Academy and Research Institute, SHARI, Raipur. ABSTRACTS Biotechnology is a technology using biological phenomene for copying and manufacturing various kinds of useful substances. Biotechnology has its scope and importance in all fields. It has also revolutionise research activities in the area of agricultire. A herb is any plant that is useful to man, ;valued for its medicinal, savory and aromatic qualities. It has its our importance in medicines, perfumes, herbal capsuled, cosmetics etc. herbs and medicinal plants continue to be the source of proven medicaments and of new revolutionary drugs. The usual forms of herbs are tinctures, Decotion, Syrups, essential oils, creams etc. Chhattisgarh is rich in herbal wealth due to supportive climatic conditions, soil, teroperature and rainfall to herbal cultivation. It is endoved with several herb like Awevera, R. Serpentina, Lemon grass, etc., Some rare species are also found in Chhattisgarh. Proper and essential steps are required in Chhattisgarh in herbal conservation as these are the natural cunenay contributing in rise of economic level of the state. Biotechnology has helped in reimbuising the wet and rare plant species through (I) Plant Tissue, cell and organ cullire. (II) Genetic engg. Leading to transformation to give transgenic plant. (III) Somatic hybridization. MICROPROPAGATION OF PHYLA NODIFLORA (L.) GREENE. A.Bakruddin Ali Ahmed*, A.S. Rao** and M.V. RAO* *Department of Plant Science, **Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, T.N. ABSTRACT Phyla nodiflora, (Verbinaceae) commonly known as poduthalai, is an aromatic crop grown extensively for its essential. It is being used to cure ulcers, indigestion, problems in children and as a diuretic. Many compounds such as glucosides, flavanoids and steroids have been investigated. Micropropagation is one of the in vitro methods, which is widely used for mass propagation. In this study. P.nodiflora nodal explants were cultured on MS basal medium in combination with dirrerent concentrations (0.5-5 0mg/lo of cytokinins (BA and KN). The highest number of multiple shoots were produced in BA (2.5 mg/l) and GA3 (0.2mg/l). elongated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 1.0mg/l IBA and reduced concentration of sucrose (500mg/l). Ex situ conservation of Tinopora cordifolia (Willd). Miers. ex. Hook F & Thoms K. Mridula*, A.S. Rao**, and M.V. Rao* *Department of Plant Science, **Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, Tamil Nadu. ABSTRACT Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) commonly called ad 'Guduchi' finds extensive use in pharmaceutical industry because of its high medicinal properties. It contains various compounds grouped under the class alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, flavanoids and lignans. Various in vitro methods are being extensicely used for mass propagation of Tinospora cordifolia. In micropropagation, various explants (shoot tip, axillary bud and cotyledonary node) were used. These explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.1 to 5.0 mg/l) of various plant growth regulators (BA, KN AND AdSO4) KN at 3.0 mg/l proved to be the best for shoot induction. Axillary bud and cotyledonary node showed good response when compared with shoot tip explant. Multiple shoot buds (3-4) were induced in KN+AdSO4 combination medium. Shoot elongation was found to be best in KN (3.0 mg/l)+GA3 (0.5mg/l). Since phenolics were found to hamper in vitro growth of Tinospora cordifolia, various antioxidats (citric acid, sodium citrate, ascorbic acid, PVP and charcoal) at various concentrations (10mg to 1g/l) were tested. PVP at 0.1% proved to be efficient in controlling phenolic exudation. AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF CONSERVATION HERBAL PLANTS IN BASTAR DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH H. Pathak, A.K. Gauraha, and V.K. Choudhary* ABSTRACT An economic study of conservation of herbal plants in Bastar district of Chhattisgarh was attempted with the objectives to prepare an inventory of plant species, to determine changes in number of plant species and the factor affecting the changes and suggest some policy measures for the improvement of tribal economy and conservation of herbal plants. The study was conducted in the three purposively selected villages of Narayanpur tehsil of Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. The findings of this study reveal that the bioresources contributed signficantly towards the tribal economy. However, in the last few decades, there was rapid loss of bioresources due to various factors like deforestation, biotic pressures etc. To conserve the herbal plants of the region it has been suggested that the first step would be to undertake inventorization and documentation of traditional knowledge of available plant species. In-situ and ex-situ conservation methods would be useful in preserving and multiplying the plant species in homesteads, nurseries, wastelands and through large scale cultivation by providing good quality seeds, improved technology, price support and other incentives. Looking to the vast potential of medicinal plants, there is a need to establish pharmaceutical industries in the region. Awareness must be created about the usefulness of various plant species. Precautions be included before making developmental plants. Developmental activities be taken up in those are only where bioresources are least affected. Study of the measurement of Dielectric constant of different Herbal plants at Microwave frequencies S.K. Srivastava, R.K. Saxena+ Assistant Professor, Deptt. Of Physics, Govt. Post. Graduate College Ambikapur. (C.G.) +Director, Distance Education, G.G.University, Bilaspur (C.G.) ABSTRACT The ground based studies of the dielectric properties of different earth constituents at microwave frequencies are important as they provide a successful interpretation of various remote sensor's data 1,2 . The dielectric constant of herbal plants are found to be strongly dependent on moisture content. The measurement of dielectric constant of herbal plants as a function of moisture content has been carried out over a wide frequency range 2 to 12.50 GHz., J.S. Yadav et all suggested a simple microwave technique to measure the dielectric property of the solids and their powder. Dube et al suggested a new methodology to determine the dielectric parameter for films at microwave frequency. On this basis, authors have attempte to measure the dielectric constant of differents herbal plants at microwave frequency. The present study has veen undertaken to have a comprehensive idea of dielectric properties of different herbal plants of Sarguja district. In this paper the experimentally determined values of the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant have been shown for different herbal plants sample with varied moisture content. It is found that dielectric constant of herbal plants varied with moisture content present ih herbal plants. Different herbal plants shows different dielectric parameter. Therefore on the basis of dielectric parameter we can predict the medicinal use of herbal plants. This techinique is simple, efficient and low cost mechanism much useful in present analysis. IDENTIFICATION AND MEDICINAL USE OF OIL-BEARING JUNGLE SEEDS. JEEVAN LAL NAG*, R.K. MESHRAM & Dr. P.N. SINGH** ** Head of The Department of Horticulture, I.G.A.U. Raipur (C.G.) *Research Associate. ABSTRACT Chhattisgarh is natural reservoir and provide hundreds of medicinal plants. There is great potential of increasing the production of medicinal oil-bearing Jungle Seeds, some of which are pharmacopoeial while others are used in indigenous medicine. From earliest times mankind has used planting and attempt to cure diseases and relieve physical suffering. Fatty oil also known as fixed oil are compound of Glycerol and (Glycerin) and fatty acids (Glycerides), unlike or like the essential. Various uses of different fatty oils depend on their chemical and physical composition and behaviour. Neem oil is said to have medicinal properties and is used in skin diseases. Mohua fatty oil is used for soap making as an illuminants and ever for edible purposes, when fresh and fruits pulp and dry husk may abe utilised for making the absolute alcohol (Fosler & Dinanath 1922). Sal fat is used in soap industry. The deoiled sal meal is which in protein, strach, sugar etc. Moringa oleifera is commonly known as Ben oil and is used locally for edible purpose, illumination and cosmetic. Karanj is used for soap making and as an illuminant and seed is used locally in the treatment of skin diseases rheumatism. IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION OF OXALIS CORNICULATA (L.) V. Kumaresan and M.V. Rao Department of Plant Science, School of Live Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli-620024 T.N. ABSTRACT Oxalis corniculata, belongs to the family Oxalidaceae, is one of the important medicinal plants. Its leaves contain citric acid, tartaric acid. Leaf juice is given to counteract the intoxication produced by the seeds of Datura. An infusion of leaves is used to remove the opacities of the cornea. The present study aims at mass propagation of Oxalis corniculata via micropropagation. Induction of shoot bud was observed from nodal explants on MS medium supplemented with BA (3.0mg/l). Kinetin at 5.0mg/l induced the highest number of shoot buds. Root formation was observed on MS basal medium (without growth regulators). A SPINELESS MORPHOTYPE OF KEWDA (PANDANUS FASCICULARIS) FROM THE GANJAM COAST OF {{ORISSA]e} Kamal K. Panda, Rabindra K. Panigrahy and Brahma B. Panda Genecology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany Berhampur University, Berhampur 760 007, Orissa ABSTRACT Kewda (Pandanus fascicularis Lam.) is a dominant species of the coastal vegetation of India. The plant is growing abundantly in the coast of Ganjam district of Orissa that6 has been supporting the local economy by way of providing the raw material, male inflorescence, for the perfume industry. In comparison to the plant populations from the rest of the coastlines of the country, the aromatic principle extracred from the inflorescence of the plant populations of Ganjam coast, reportedly, is of higher quality. Owing to the baenefits that the local people derive, the plant is being conserved and propagated (as a cash crop) in large scale along the coast of Ganjam. With an objective to explore the genetic resource of P.fascicularis for better flower quality and perfume yield, a survey in the region has bheen initiated. Physical and chemical factors associated with the soils sampled from 24 sites in the aforesaid coastline covering an area of approximately 675 square km were analyzed. During the course of our survey, hitherto not reported, we have encountered with a spineless morphotype of P. fascicularis that is devoid of any spine along the midrib and margin of leaf or spathe of the inflorescence. The quality of perfume extracted from the said morphotype, apparently, is comparable to that of the spiny wild type. The frequency of occurrence of the spineless type in the Pandanus population is very rare owing to the ract the spineless type is not being preferred. | |||||||||||||||||
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| Study of Medicinal plants of North Eastern Plateau Sub Zone of Bastar. A.S. Rajput, S.K. Nair, H.C. Nanda and S.S. Shaw Network Project on Tribal Area Crops Shahid Gundadhur College of Agriculture & Research Station, IGAU, Kumhrawand, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh 494005 ABSTRACT Bastar is one of the predominated tribal division of chhattisgarh. It lies in South East of State in between 170 46, and 200 34, 'North latitude and 800 16' and 820 15' East longitude. This division is divided into six Sub Agroclimatic Zones including North Eastern Plateau Sub Zone having maximum geographical area in this division. This sub zone has ten block with 21,292,281 ha. area under forest and 2,54,852 ha. area under cultivated land. This cultivated land area is about 55% Marhan & Tikra, 22% mal and 23% Gabhar. Soil is mostly of red & yellow type and in some area black type of soil also occurs. Tribal people of this area survive by cultivation of crops, collection of forest products and medicinal plants. To know the status of medicinal herbs and flora and also to explore the important medicinal species seems to be endangered for their conservation and evaluation in future. For this purpose extensive exploration trips were made to the above said zone is recorded to be the house of many medicinal plants and trees, which are being commonly used by the tribals as well as by the traders. High diversity among medicinal herbs were recorded for Safed musali (Chlorophytum sp.), Kali musali (Curculigo orchioides), Satawar (Asparagus sp.), Suran (Ammorphophalus sp.), Wild taro (Colocasia esculenta), Teekhur (Curcuma aungastifolia), Sadasuhagan (Castuna regour), Tulsi (Ocimum sp.), Dukheela kand (Dioscorea sp.) and other wild Dioscorea wild tubers in all the forest pockets surveyed. Similarly moderate diversity was recorded for Sarpagandha, Hadzod, Jamalghota, Vantulsi and Chitrak. Very low diversity or endangered species were Gloriosa superba., Gudmar (Gymnema sylvestris), Akarkara and Tapioca (Mannihot esculenta). Occurrence of more than one species was also recorded in Safed musli, Hadjod, Tulsi, Sadasuhagan, Teekhur, Keukand, Colocasia, Satawar, Suran and Dioscorea wild tubers. Hence further researches on evaluating these herbs is needed, so that their proper and economic exploitation can be suggested. (2) Technical Session - II (Oral Presentation) Technical Session - III B (Poster presentation) (c) Organic farming of herbs, (d) Cultivation of herbs. Can Agriculture boost herbal drug Industry Rajendra Gupta Zhandu Pharmaceutical Works B-I/46, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi-110063 ABSTRACT The world market in herbal drugs and related industries is growing at a faster pace in western economies which has brought a boom in market both in number and diversity of products and growing number of users over a short span of time. The global trade is projected around 62 billon (US)$ annually and WHO estimates it to grow to 3 trillions by year 2020. India has inherent advantage in this sector but have failed to harness the potential. Our annual export of herbal drugs account for Rs 436 crore against Rs 22,000 crore of China and Rs 10,000 crore of Thailand. It is now realised that all species having bulk demand in industry be introduced into cropping system for planned production and develop protocols to maintain quality standard of raw materials in storage. There is a need to develop and modernise market facilities including information system to facilitate trading. It needs sizable investments on R&D to device innovative production methods, analytical tests, value addition and development of new products with clinical and toxicological data. Herbal raw materials come from varying species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Considering current price scenario on raw materials in the country, many species do not produce economic returns when grown as a sole crop. Therefore, different conceptual models on farming have been suggested and some of these, which have given profitable yield, will be illustrated through lead examples. The rich bio-diversity existing in native medicinal plants provide good source for selection of genetic material with target characters like higher biological yield, increased bioactive substances, shorter crop duration, and genelines amenable to grow over sub-marginal soils or tolerant to drought and excessive moisture. Although the search has begun recently, it has provided interesting new findings, which we propose to present. Agriculture research opens-up possibility of evolving high yielding short duration varieties through breeding, exploiting hybrid vigour and combing desired traits through molecular biology to make cultivation more profitable. It can diversify trade into production of different phytochemicals to serve source of new industrial products. It is time the state Agricultural universities establish division of medicinal plants, introduce these crops in extension activities, promote support system like seed production and market access for raw materials to accelerate location of herbal drugs and related industries in every state of India. Prospects of Cultivation of Medicinal Plant in Chhattisgarh R.S. Tripathi, S.S. Tuteja and P.Oudhia* Department of Agronomy IGKV, Raipur. *Director (Research & Dev.) Srishti Herbal Academy and Research Institute (SHARI), Raipur. ABSTRACT Chhattisgarh State is having subtropical as well as temperate climatic conditions with high rainfall and moderate to extreme temperature variation. This is rich in forest and under the forest many medicinal plants are growing naturally. Due to deforestation and exploitation of medicinal plant the production is deereasing to greater extent. The soil as climate is very much favourable but effort are to be made to cultivate the medicinal crop keeping in view the quality. Marketability, processing and profitability. The the medicinal crops, which can be grown successfully and economically are Safed Musli, Ashwagandha, Sarpgandha, Kalmegh, Isabgol, Mucuna, Jatropha, Aloe vara, Gudmar, Jawa citronella, Jamarosa, Mentha, Kiwach, Kalihari. The development of production techniques for these crops is an important aspect to raise the productivity as well as quality of the crops. The agronomical package and practice has to be developed and demonstrated to the farmers, so that it can be cultivated in unutilized soil or crop based cropping system.The plants parts have got many medicnal value as well as ecoomical the farmers. The plant part will be also used for controlling the insect pest and decease of the plants so that it can help in developing integrated pest management with reduced chemical use. The efforts are also aimed to find ot the quality oil under different management practices. Some of the weeds has got medicinal value and can be marketed Nationally and Internationally. The list of the potential medicinal plant of the plain area of chhattisgarh has been discussed. The selection of crop based upon soil type, typography, fertility status, irrigation and drainage facilities are very important factor for successful cultivation of medicinal plant. Other important factor is the market potential of different medicinal plants for which the processing unit has to be developed by the medicinal industries. The farmers choice its interest and economic condition also play a major role in the cultivation of medicinal plants. The Indira Gandhi Agricultural University is now planning to develop high yielding varieties of some of the medicinal plants, which can be grown in this region. the list of the medicinal weeds found in the rice field has been discussed in the paper and there is very good scope of marketing of these weeds provided the market is available in this region. MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR CULTIVATION IN CHHATTISGARH M.L. Nayak Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.) Abstract Medicinal plants have attracted the attention of human being probably with the dawn of man in the earth. Treatment system with natural products viz: Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha had been in practice in India, since time immemorial. However, documented records about them have appeared very late. The earliest record, so far known is the Atharvaveda. This has then been followed by a large number of works, but mainly from India. Nature, probably has taken care to evolve plants and animals for the cure of ailments. In this direction. plants have been preferred more by the nature to be the agents for curing the ailments. Till about the late ninteenth century, natural products and /or non-chemical methods had been the only method for curing the ailments. However, since about the late ninteenth century, with the discovery of antiseptics and antibiotics, allopathic system of treatment became more attractive. The allopathic system, with its medicines, dominated as treatment system during the entire 20th Centurysystem. The system depends mostly on extracted or synthetic, defined chemicals. The trend was mainly towards synthesising new chemicals in the laboratory, with known or expected properties. It took a lng time to realise that the capability of man is limited. Man can not go on synthesising new chemicals, every now and then. It is far better and easier to go to the nature for the search of new chemicals. The fact, well set in the mind of man, the man moved to the nature. Although it was a well known fact, but it took a very long time for man to realise the diversity of nature. Man found that nature is already producing almost all the chemicals, which he is trying to synthesise in his laboratory with much energy, money and mind involvement. Thus, begining since about the last quarter of the 20th century there has been a sudden change in trend with a rush towards the forests for searching the plants and their chemicals for therapeutic uses. Every plant carries genes in thousands. Each gene produces a different chemical. Although some of the genes are common between the different organisms, but many of the genes are different between different organisms. Taking the number of angiospermic plant species to be about 45,000, we can expect the total number of different genes in angiospermic plants only, to be in millions. Each gene producing a different chemical, thus results in producing an equal types of chemicals. We are still far-far behind knowing the different types of chemicals being produced by the plants. Significance of knowing the types of chemicals being produced by plants could judged from a single example. In Costa Reca country, a group of scientists have formed an organization, named INBio. The organization has entered in to a contract in 1991,with the world famous, medicine manufacturing Company, the Merck. According to the agreement, Merck will pay one billion dollars to the INBio, within two years, for exploration of the types of chemicals in the plants, present in the natural forests of the country, and to have patent rights over the chemicals. Merck will pay 5% of the royalty, they will get out of such patents. The Costa Rican Govt. will get 10% of the money paid to the INBio and 50% of the royalty, obtained through the patents. Chhattisgarh state is fortunate that most part of its area is covered by the sal forest, because sal forests have been found to be better places for medicinal plants as compared to the teak forests. Recognising the medicinal plant variety of the state, the Chhattisgarh Govt., has declared the state as the herbal state. The theme of declaring the state to be herbal state is mainly to explore, conserve and promote cultivation of medicinal plants. The people residing in and around the forests are much simple and docile, resulting in overexploitation of the plants. We are loosing very fast the plants like Chlorophytum spp. (Musali), Elaeocarpus (Rudraksh) etc. Overexploitation has been taken seriously now, but still the poaching and sending abroad of the medicinal plants from the state is going on at an alarming rate. Facinated by the news about the demand for medicinal plants, many of the farmers have taken up large scale cultivation of medicinal plants. Nevertheless, unfortunate fact is that a proper market for such produce is still to be established. Cultivation and sell of medicinal plants in raw form is very less profitable. To earn more profit from the medicinal plants it is important to process the plants to a more costlier product. Hence, with the promotion of cultivation of medicinal plants, it is equally important to set up a processing unit, either by the farmers, themselfly or in co-operative or public sector. Conservation of medicinal plants has become a much talked problem. A common understanding is that we should conserve our biodiversity. However, conservation policy is decided upon the priority of the species to be conserved. In this priority determination, the plants, currently in more demand are placed at the top in the list of plants, to be conserved. In the current conservation policy, very little if any significance is attached to the future, possible utility of the species. Thus, every chances are there, that we may be neglegient about the conservation of a species, which carries lesser significance, presently, but may be discovered to be of much significance with some later discoveries. By that time we may have got reduced the gene pool of the species or we may have already lost the species. Thus we must assign values to the species, taking under consideration both their present as well as future, possible uses. Medicinal plant term, to a general public means a green plant, the root, stem, leaf, flower or fruit of which is used as a medicine. However, many of the drugs are being obtained from the plants, which are not green in colour. Many of the fungi have become a good source of medicine. It is the right place to mention that feeding the public with good nutrition will keep them off from the ailments, hence proper nutrition could be considered to be a good medicine. Fungi are rich in proteins and vitamines and many of them could cultivated easily. One such fungus is Vovoriella, the straw mushroom. It could be cultivated easily with rice straw. Whey, the common waste liquid generated after the extraction of butter, could be used for culturing such protienaceous food items as Candida intermedia, Candida krusei, Kluyveromyces fragilis and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. These are already being used in foreign countries as food items. Thus we should introduce the cultivation or culture of such plants which would fetch more money, comparative to the cultivation of green, medicinal plants. Prospects of safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) cultivation in Subtropical north India : Initial observations and future research needs Aparbal Singh, S.P.S. Khanuja, Saudan Singh, U.B. Singh, S.K. Gupta and Man Singh Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015 ABSTRACT Substantial phenotypic variation was observed in Chlorophytum borivilianum population with respect to various morphotypic characters like plant growth habit, maturity period and leaf characteristics such as number of leaves per plant, leaf length, width and thickness, and leaf arrangement and angle from crown. Plant growth and root development and root yield recorded during crop growing season, 2001 indicated high potential for Chlorophytun cultivation in subtropical north India. Fresh and dry root yields were observed to be as high as 70 and 10 q/ha, respectively. Important observation is that the crop may require greater attention for the pest and disease management in sub tropical north India compared to other Chlorophytum growing areas in the country (M.P., {{Maharastra}e}, Gujrat and Rajasthan). Development of elite genotypes leading to high yielding varieties with desired drug principle should deseve priority. Germplasm evaluation holds promise in this direction. Economising the cost of planting material through micropropagation and through the use of seeds should be explored. Optimizing time of planting in north India is important which may ccause wide variations in crop duration and rot productivity. Since Chlorophytum is susceptible to iron deficiency, and the deficiency symptoms in plants raised at CIMAP, Lucknow were frequently observ ed, management of iron deficiency should from major component of future research programmme in north India where iron deficiency is frequently encountered due to high CaCO3 content in the soil. To ensure still a better return from safed musli cultivation, studies on co-cultivation of Chlorophytum and other compatible medicinal, aromatic and agricultural crops need to be taken up. Evaluation of some yam (Dioscorea species) cultivars for growth, tuber yield and quality under Chotanagpur plateu (Jharkhand). Rajesh Kumar Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi – 834006, Jharkhand. ABSTRACT Yams (Dioscorea species) are important group of tropical tuber crops, grown and consumed by the tribals and other weaker sections of society in Chotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand state. The yams possess unique ability to grow under marginal land under rainfed condition and can withstand adverse climatic cosntion. The unlimited potenial of this group of crop are properly exploited and people are also unaware of its rich nutritional and medicinal properties. Therefore, the present investigation aims to study the growth, tuber yield and quality of some yam cultivars collected from diverse regions of our country. The present study was conducted to evaluate the eighteen accessions (collections) of yams in Department of Horticulture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi during kharif seasons of 1997 and 1998. the study revealed the accession E.Ac.-3 of Dioscorea alata recorded the maximum vine length (6.60m), while E.Ac.-2 of the same species recorded maximum tuber weight (2.60 kg/plant) with highest tuber yield (18.56 t/ha). Dry matter and starch content were found maximum in E.Ac-11 of Dioscorea rotundata, while it was followed by E.Ac.-14 of Dioscorea bulbifera. and E.Ac.-2 Dioscorea alata respectively. The edible quality and market acceptability was highest in E.Ac.-11 (Dioscorea rotundata) followed by E.Ac.-2 and E.Ac.-3 of Dioscorea alata. *Present address : Senior Scientis (Horticulture), Division of Crop Production, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekariymam, Thiruvananthapuram-695 017, Kerala. |
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