NATIONAL RESEARCH SEMINAR ON HERBAL CONSERVATION, CULTIVATION, MARKETING AND UTILIZATION WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON CHHATTISGARH “THE HERBAL STATE” DEC. 13-14, 2001 by EcoPort version by Pankaj Oudhia 7
Medicinal Mushrooms of Chhattisgarh. M.P. Thakur Mushroom Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Indira Gandhi Agricultural, University, Raipur-492012 Chhattisgarh. ABSTRACT Mushrooms have unique chemical composition (both plant and animal origin) and are known as rich source of essential nutrients due to which these are considered as nutraceuticals. They also possess many useful medicinal attributes which made them as pharmaceuticals. There are several mushrooms which have both the properties and may be designated as ‘{{neutraceuticals}g}’. These are refined/partially refined extract which is consumed in the form of capsules or tablets as a dietry supplement and has potential therapeutic applications. Since time immemorials people have developed a taste for mushrooms and have been treated as a special kind of food. The Greeks regarded mushroom as providing ‘strength for warriors’ in battle. The Pharoahs prized mushroom as a ‘delicacy’. The {{Romans}e} regarded mushroom as the "Food for the Gods’. The Chinese treasured mushroom as "elixir of life" , {{Korean}e} as ‘longevity mushroom’ and {{Japanese}e} as "mushrooms of immortality". Besides the attributes which make mushrooms ‘the ultimate health food’. Recent investigations have proved the empirical observation of the Oriental Herbalists that certain mushrooms possess potent medicinal attributes due to active costitutents present in them. These are polysaccharides, triterpenes, due to active costitutents present in them. These are polysaccharides, triterpenes, lentinan adenosine, lingzhi-8, PSK, PSP, PSPC and eritedanine, butyric etc. which have been isolated and fully characterized. Immunostimulating polysaccharides of B-1, 3 & B-1, 6 linkages from medicinal mushrooms are currently the center of attraction due to their {{anti-tumor}g}, {{anti-hypertension}g}, hypoglycemic, {{hypolipidemic}g}, {{hypocholesterolemic}g}, hepatoprotective activities. Among various medicinal mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), Grifola frondosa (Maitake) Lentinus edodes (Shiitake), Coriolus versicolor have received greater attention in present days as a number of properietory products in the form of tablets, capsules, extracts have been developed and marketed as medicines and tonic in different parts of the world (USA, Australia, Japan, India). In 1991, the value of world mushroom crop was estimated at 8.5 billion dollars of which 1.2 dollars was estimated to have been generated from medicinal mushroom products from mushroom. Wild mushrooms from India is exported in abundance. It is being processed and pharmaceuticals are being produced. In India, six species of Ganoderma have been reported to possess therapeutic values, proprietory products have been developed and have been recommended for the treatment of various ailments. A number of species of Ganoderma has been observed in forest areas of Chhattisgarh state. In addition to these, species of Pleurotus, Volvariella, Auricularia, Agaricus, Boletus have also been reported from Chhattisgarh and known to possess very useful medicinal attributes. Some of these products have already been developed in the form of capsules, and dry powder and recommended for the patients suffering from diabetes, blood pressure, gout etc. It has also been recommended to pregnant ladies for strengthening health, stimulating digestion and resisting diseases. Information on pharmacologically active principle, their mechanism, products in the market, their dosages and use against various ailments/physiological disorders have been discussed. POENTIAL ANTI-THROMBOEMBOLIC ACTIVITY OF HOMOEOPATHIC DRUG, DIGITALIS PURPUREA Q – AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH. SUNIL KUMAR Homoeopathic Drug Research Institute B-1433, INDIRA NAGAR, Lucknow-226 016, (U.P.) Technical Session – E ABSTRACT Homoeopathic preparation, Digitalis purpurea Q was examined for its Anti-thromboembolic activities at a dose level of 50 ul/100 g.b.w. exhibited percentible, preventive effects, P<0 .001="" 0.1="" 0c="" 1.8="" 15-30="" 15="" 20="" 27="" about="" against="" agent="" aggregating="" ambient="" an="" at="" br="" collagen="" dissolved="" distilled="" ear="" epinehrine="" for="" g.b.w.="" held="" i.e.="" i.v.="" in="" injection="" marginal="" mg.="" mice="" minutes.="" mixture="" ml.="" of="" seconds.="" temperature="" the="" through="" ul.="" vein="" water="" were=""> The histopathological studies also revealed no occlusive and thrombus conditions in heart, kidney & liver even after treatment with the test drug, digitalis purpurea Q. Whereas, the alcohol fed control and 0.9% physiological saline treated animals showed marked toxic effects in various organs/tissues and finally lethal, responding no protection / preventive effects against thromboembolic challenge under identical conditions at a dose level of 50 ul/100 g.b.w. Hence, the drug Digitalis purpurea Q possessed most potent, safe, non-toxic, protective / preventive effects against thromboembolic challenge in albino mice. Further, probe in this area would be rewarding in order to locate the mechanism of action of Digitalis purpurea Q as an Anti-thromboembolic agent. Antioxidant activity of Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) B.B. Borse, L. Jagan Mohan Rao and B. Raghavan Department of Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570013 ABSTRACT Synthetic antioxidants are finding disfavour throughout the world. Butylated hydrosy toluene is banned in many countries including India. It is in this context that many plant materials are being investigated for their antioxidant activity in foods. This report is the result of the investigation carried out on various extracts obtained from sweet basil and examination of their antioxidant activity by a modified, more rapid B – carotene – linoleic acid assay method. Results suggest that hexane extract shows maximum activity. (90.64%) compared to volatile oil (76.43%), methanol extract (62.80%) and aqueous extract (59.31%) when incorporated at 200 ppm concentration in the B- carotene – linoleic acid model system, While butylated hydroxy ansisole exhibited an activity of 90.56% at the same concentration. The maximum activity of hexane extract is mainly due to eugenol (44%) and other phenolic compounds present in sweet basil. HERBS OF MEDICINAL VALUE AND THEIR IMPORTANCE Dhanjay Sharma, Sanjeev Malaiya and A.R. Pal Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) ABSTRACT The medicinal plants play an important role in the world traditional system of medicines. World Health Organization estimate 80% population of developing countries almost exclusively uses herbal medicines. The traditional system of medicines such as Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy and Folklore of various countries depends on higher plants for their medicinal preparations. Research work is going on herbal medicinal plants and their related aspects in CIMAP, Lucknow and also in other institutions in the country. It is estimated that such plant based drugs worth Rs. 8000 millions are produced annually in the India. Presently, India is exporting herbal materials and medicines to the tune of Rs. 550 crores. In view of this great demand of the medicinal plants and their products some known plants are listed and certain aspects are discussed. REMEDIAL MEASURES OF HYPERTENSION BY MEDICINAL PLANTS T. Gouthaman and M.V. Rao Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, T.N. ABSTRACT Plants are one of the excellent creations of Mother Nature. Plants provide food, shelter, medicine and various other materials to man and animals. The usuage of plants is not a recent phenomena and is decade of generations old. Similarly the knowledge about the various diseases and their cure also dates back to many decades. One of such an important disease is ‘Hypertension’ or ‘High blood pressure’. The present study discusses with the nature of disease ‘hypertension’ and its remedial measures by various systems of medicine. It is very vital to get more comparative information on allopathic, ayurvedic, homeopathic and siddha systems. This paper emphasizes on a comparative account of above said systems and a detailed account on a database on medicinal plants both endogenous as well as exotic in nature and their pharmaceutical importance with reference to hypertension. Possible regulation of steroid diabetes by some plant extracts Sanjay Gholap* and Anand Kar School of Life Sciences, UTD, DAVV, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore-452017 Type-II diabetes is the most common form of diabetes mellitus, which some times results from chronic elevation of corticosteroids. Investigation on this type of steroid diabetes is meager. A study was therefore made to evaluate the role of ten different indigenous plant extracts in the regulation of werum concentrations of cortisol and glucose. The plant extracts were administered daily for fifteen days in female mice and their effects on serum cortiol and glucose were evaluated. The extracts of Inula racemosa, Boerhaavia diffusa and Ocimum sanctum decreased the serum concentrations of both cortisol (as estimated by radioimmunoassay, RIA) and glucose significantly. However, other plant extracts viz. Aegle marmelos, Azadirachta indica, Convolvulus pluricaulis and Gymnema sylvestre could exhibit only marked hypoglycaemic activity. Thus it appears that the hypoglycaemic effect of first three plant extracts might be mediated through their cortiol inhibiting activity and they may be used to ameliorate hyperglycaemia in case of steroid diabetes. Of course, standardization of dose and duration are to be made before human use. OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS FOR PROPER UTILIZATION OF HERBS FOR BETTER HEALTH CARE D.K. MISHRA and S.N. NAIK Center For Rural Development and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110012. Technical Session - E ABSTRACT Large number of herbs bearing medicinal properties is found in the forest areas. In such areas apople follow herbal system of medicines, herbs play a pivotal role. Uses of herbs are mostly based on the experience of folk practitioners or Vaids. Use of kujri oil for treating tuberculosis, vaivharang for leucorrhoea etc. in certain tribal areas are some of the examples which are only based on the experience of practitioners or the medicine men, but these uses have not yet been proved by the scientists and researchers. Thus, there exit some scope for R & D activities, through which a number of formulations could be prepared for treatment of different diseases. Study also need to be done to examine the properties of some less know herbs, so that there extensive utilization could be done by making some useful product. Based on the technical findings and their economics some viable enterprise can also be established in rural areas. EFFECT OF HERBAL DETOXICANTS AND LIVER STIMULANT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS Dolly Bhaskar, R.K. Sharma, Harpal Singh, S.S. Chauhan and Ashok Kumar Department of Animal Science G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar-263145 ({{Uttarnchal}E}) ABSTRACT Aflatoxins have been found to reduce growth and feed efficiency, suppress immune system, and cause mortality in poultry which causes severe economic losses to farmers. In India, due to hot and humid climatic conditions, improper handling and storage, poultry feed ingradients often get contaminated with the aflatoxins especially in rainy season. In recent years, some herbal preparations have been reported to posses hepatogenic, hepatoprotective and growth stimulating properties. In view of the above facts, the present investigation was undertaken on two hundred forty day old broiler chicks which were randomized into 8 groups and fed 8 dietary treatments. It was observed that significantly higher 6-week body weight gain of 1467.26 g was obtained on the diet D7 containing AFB1 200 ppb + toxiroak (250 g) + Livfit Vet Concentrate (750 g) as compared to control diet D1 (1325.56 g). There were no significant differences in the FCR and maximum mortality (23.33 %) occurred on diet D2. There were also non-significant differences in the dressed and eviscerated yields and weight of liver, heart, kidney, spleen and bursa. Crude protein and energy retention were found significantly higher (79.44; 82.02 %) on diet D7 as compared to diet D2 (69.08; 73.22 %). No aflatoxin residue was found in the liver tissues of any dietary group. It may be concluded that supplementation of Toxiroak and Livfit Vet Concentrate alone or in combination is beneficial as it improved growth and reduced mortality in broiler chickens by better protein and energy utilization. Common Anticancer Herbs, vegetables and MPTs of India Gyanendra Pandey and Banwari Lal* Reginal Ayurvedic Research Institue, Jhansi-284 003 *Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, {{Jhansi}E} – 284 003 Abstract Cancer is a malignant growth, formed by the abnormal rapid reproduction of cells. It is no clear so far why cancer occur. Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases of last century and spreading further. About 2% of the world’s population do get cancer. Although series of experiments have been conducted on cancer with multi-disciplinary approaches inorder to find out perfect remedy for this most dreadful disease. In the recent past interest of developed world arise on indigenous system. The drugs belonging to cthnobotanical, as tribal medicines are quite useful in comparison to classical text as well as drug investigated through experiments and studies. Almost all vegetables, herbs, fruits, seeds-grains in rare loaded with phytochemicals. Thousands of chemicals found in tomatoes, cabbages, cauliflower, green-red chilies, cumin, citrus, cucumber as flavnoids, turpins, tannins etc. While in tropical climate esiablishment of food-fodder-timber-fuel production system is the prime requirement of the users. The fruit trees in India viz.Mangoes, guava, melon, tamrinds, jackfruit, banana, yam, papaya are used as home remedies, which can be termed as gold mines of phytochemocals. The common vegetable viz. Cauliflower has phytochemicals sulforaphane, Indole-3 that whisks carcinogens out of cells, citrus contain flevanoid, tomatoes, chillies, pineapple, strawberries- P- coumaric acid, onion and garlic Allelic sulfides, soya-Genisein, red chillies-Capsaicin. These phytochemicals are having unique characters to binding of DNA with preventive measure to protect the cells from cancer attach. So far we are very much particular towards the cancer in human being but no one realize the epidemic effect of cancer in livestock health. Since nature created such a balance to synthesize phytochemicals in the body of plants which automatically goes to elementary canal of livestock. Acacia with tannin, Cajanus, Chenopodium, Cynodon, Cyperus, Melia, Mangifera, Ricinus, Saccharum, Syzygium, Terminalia, Triticum, Vigna and Zizyphus are some of the food-forage-MPTs having anlicancer phylochemicals. These might be having protective mechanism to control cancer inlivestock’s. I lowever, the research in this direction waited in near future. | |||||||||||||||||
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| APPLICATION OF BOTANICALS FOR THE SMEARING OF BAMBOO TRAYS IN SERICULTURE SUGUN. R Karnataka State Sericultute Research and Development Institute, Bangalore-62 Karnataka State ABSTRACT Sericulture is an agro-based highly lucrative industry and in recent years spreading to many new areas. In traditional sericulture areas the farmers are rearing silkworms in the bamboo trays smeared with the cowdung which smoothens the surface of the trays and also increases the tray durability. However, the recent studies conducted indicate that the cowdung smearing harbours harmful bacterial populations and other micro-organisms causing silkworm diseases leading to heavy crop loss affecting the productivity, production and quality of silk. Hence attempts were made to find out an alternative method to suit the requirement of the farmers and which also facilitates the production and sustainable sericulture. In this direction some of the eco-friendly, medicinal, easily available botanicals were studied and combinations of these in the form of paste tried as an alternative to cowdungsmearing for bamboo trays. All the botanicals selected for the purpose were tested and confirmed for their antimicrobial activity following the "In Vitro" studies. Results indicate that these combinations are encouragins and can replace the cowdung smearing and satisfy the farmers with respect to smoothening and durability of the bamboo trays. Some Herbs : Ovicides of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton M.A. Khan, Siddharth Tiwari and Bhawana Joshi Department of Entomology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar – 263145, India. ABSTRACT Plants since antiquyity have been known as a rich source of bioactive organic chemicals. They are known to harbour a diverse range of compounds such as terpenoids, alkaloids, polyacetylenes, flavonoids, amino acids, sugars, etc. These compounds have been exploited in insect-pest management strategies as repellents, feeding deterrents, ovipositional deterrents and disruptors of behaviour and physiology of the insects. So far 2121 plant species have been reported to possess pest control properties. In view of this perspective, five herbs were evaluated for their ovicidal property against, the eggs of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: {{Galleridae}e}), which is a serious pest of diverse stored products. A known number of freshly laid eggs of Corcyra were placed on the filter-paper lined petriplates. The known concentration of each herbal extracts derived in acetone was sprayed by atomizer, evenly on the eggs in each petriplates, separately. The same number of eggs was kept as control in the petriplates, treated with only acetone. After the lapse of about 48 hours, the number of treated eggs that did not hatched was recorded as an efficacy of the herbal extract as ovicide. Among the five herbs tested, Parthenium hysterophorous Linn. gave highest percent of unhatched eggs with 40.00, followed by Lantana camara Linn. and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. each with 36.66, Amaranthus spp. and Tagates minuta Linn. yielded 23.33 and 26.66, respectively. All were significantly different with that of control (13.33%). Hence results confirm that these tested herbal plants do possess some chemicals or factors, which have ovicidal property for C.cephalonica and it, may certainly help in paving the way for the usage of plant products in the storage ecosystem. Detailed information on the hydrocarbon profiles of different herbs and their impact on important storage pests are of considerable importance. The elucidation of the chemical constituents in the herbal plant extract and their commercial synthesis on large scale may further push forward the cause of using phytochemicals in checking the menace of storage insect pests. The Role of Medicinial Plants in the remedy of disease Hypertension T. GOUTHAMAN AND M.V. RAO Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu. ABSTRACT Plants are one of the excellent creations of Mother Nature. Plants provide food, shelter, medicine and various other materials to man and animals. The usuage of plants is not a recent phenomena and is decades of generation old. Similarly the knowledge about the various disease and their cure also dates back to many decades. One of such an important disease is "Hypertension" or "High Blood Pressure". The present study discusses with the nature of disease ‘hypertension’ and remedial measures by various systems of medicine. It is very vital to get more comparative information on allopathic, ayurvedic, homoeopathic and siddha systems. This paper emphasizes on a comparative account of above said systems and a detailed account on a database on medicinal plants both endogenous as well as exotic in exotic in nature and their pharmacetical importance with reference to hypertension. SEED TREATMENT WITH LEAF EXTRACTS OF OCIMUM SANCTUM AND SOLANUM TARVUM SWARTZ. BOOSTS SEED GERMINATIONIN SESAMUM. C. Gopalakrishnan and P. Gnanamurthy Agricultural Resarch Station (TNAU) Bhavanisagar. ABSTRACT Ten plant species were evaluated for their role in seed germination, seedling growth and seedling vigour of seasmum CV. SVPR – 1. Cold and hot aqueous extracts of these plant products were prepared at 10% concentration and used for treating the seasmum seeds.The seeds were mixed with the plant products and kept for 12 hours before sowing by following blotter technique. The seed germination was counted on 7th day. Root and shoot length and seedling vigour was calculated. Both cold and hot aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum at 10 percent concentrationrecorded the highest percentage of seed germination which was 14.4% and 13.2% increase respectively over control. Cold and hot aqueous extracts of Solanum tarvum recorded 6.3% and 10.3% increased germination respectively over control. All the ten plant extracts have recorded increase in seedling root growth, shoot growth and seedling vigour over control. INHIBITORY NATURE OF TWO OCIMUM SPP.ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI OF RICE. C. Gopalakrishnan and P. Gnanamurthy Agricultural Resarch Station (TNAU) Bhavanisagar. ABSTRACT Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of extracts of two Ocimum spp. namely Ocimum santum and Ocimum basilicum against major seed borne diseases of rice. Cold water and hot water extracts of two Ocimum spp. at three different concentrations viz. 2.5, 5 and 10 percent were prepated. Rice seed samples comprising three ruling varieties namely ADT-36, ADT-38 and IR-20 were collected from different localities. The seeds were treated with Ocimum extracts at different concentrations and shade dried for one hour. The treated seeds were studied for their presence of seed borne pathogens using blotter technique. The treated seeds were also sown in the field. The Ocimum extracts were sprayed prophylatically on 45 and 75 days after transplanting and the disease incidence in the field was recorded at periodical interval. Both the species of Ocimum at three different concentrations have markedly reduced the incidence of blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae, brown spot casued by Helminthosporium oryzae and sheath rot caused by Sarocladium oryzae upto 60% and yield increase of about 20% over control. Extracts at 10% concentrations gave better control of the disease than at 5 and 2.5% concentrations. The cold water extracts inhibiyted the diseases more effectively than hot water extracts. Crop enemies, human and livestock friends- weeds Manju Suman Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi-284 003 ABSTRACT Weeds are generally considered and detined as unwanted plants in thee food, fodder, MPTS (Agroforestry) systems. However, their medicinal, aromatics and aesthetic values have been well-recognized in human life and livestock’s rearing since time immemorial. A preliminary survey for screeing of weeds for drug samples consisting of shole plants were carried out in central India with major emphasis in Bundelkhand region to know medico-botanical exploration of north plains of India. The literature was consulted for their medicinal value in the day to day life. As the common people allow these weeds on the farm channels, bunds, wastelands, banks of rivers, road, railway tacks- other then the crop fields. A schedule for survey of 30 farmers and farmwomen ineach groups of small, medium and large holdings were personally interviewed. To know their day use pattern of weeds in terms of vegetable, medicinal, aromatic and aesthetic point of view. The results revealed that all most all farm women were know to the medicinal values of woods viz. tulsi (Ocimum sanctum, Linn), Makoi (Solanum nigrum, Linn), Aamcrbcl (Cuscutta reflexa, Roxb), crops viz. Zinzer (Zingiber officinale Robx), Azbain (Trachyspermum amme, Linn spraugaue) and Haldi (Curcuma Longa, Linn) and MPTS Aonla (Emlica officinalis, craertn), Neem (Azadirachta indica). Thought the male farmers in general are less concerned with the Ethno-medical value of weds-crop and MPTS. However, one or two farmers ineach community are very much concerned and recognized with such practies. They kept such top secrets as traditions/indigenous knowledge in day to day life. The weeds that we monoculture people call them as enemies for crops have been proved most beneficial friend for human and livestock’s as they produce many lives saving drugs from the weeds/plant parts. IMPACT OF POLLENS OF WASTELAND WEDS ON HUMAN HEALTH A.S. Nalini and D.S. Uppar Department of Crop Physiology, College of Agriculture, University of Agril. Sciences, Dharwad. ABSTRACT To find out the allergenic effect of pollens of wasteland weeds, a skin patch test was performed. The pollen gains of 11 weed species were selected of r the investigation. The incidence of allergy due to pollen of wasteland weeds was recorded by considering different parameters such as sex, age, weight and clinical history. The studies indicated out of 11 species, the pollen grains of two weed species namely Abitulon indicum and Croton bonplandianum exhibited high allergenicity on individuals tested. They caused the allergy to the extent of 19 per cent and 17 per cent respectively. The allergenicity, however was less in Cynodon dactylan, Dichanthium annualatum and Eupatorium odoratum. The individuals of the age grout 21-30 years were susceptible to many of the weeds studied. Weeds such as Abitulon indicum, Cynodon dactylon, Dichanthium annulatum and Eupatorium odoratum showed high Allergenic response in the individuals of the weight group between 41-50. The pollen grains exhibited extremely less incidence in males tested with Lantana camara, Tridax procumbens and Amaranthus spinous. However, it was high in Croton bonplandianum, Cassia hirsute and Abitulon indicum. The individuals who were not susceptible to panthenium showed allergenicity to the other weed species studied. In general, the incidence of alleregenicity was less in Lantana camara, Tridax procumbens, Bideus pilosa and Cassia hirasuta. The pollen grains of these weed species although found in the atmosphere, exhibited less percentage of allerginicity. Hence, these can be considered as less prolific and safe for human health and considered as eco-friendly and can safely be conserved to maintain ecological balance. LEGUMINOUS MEDICINAL WEEDS OF HUBLI-DHARWAD (North Karnataka) A.S. Nalini and D.S. Uppar Department of Crop Physiology, College of Agriculture, University of Agril. Sciences, Dharwad ABSTRACT Due to ideal climatic conditions, Hubli-Dharwad, one of the major cities in northern Karnataka is rich in floristic composition. The city is flooded with large coverage of wastelands in which there is a great deal of diversity of weed flora grown in three major seasons. The botanical survey of wastelands of Hubli-Dharwad was conducted during December- March 1999-2000 and April-November 2000. A total of 11 localities were randomly selected for the survey and were visited twice in a month. The weed species in different areas were identified and locationwise list was prepared. A total of ‘216’ weeds belonging to ‘40’ angiospermic families were identified from selected 11 areas of wastelands. The flora was dominated by the members of poaceae (25 sps) followed by Leguminosae (23). Most of the identified leguminous species such as Clitoria, Casia occidentalis, C. sericea, C. tora, C. auriculata, Indigofera echinata, I. Parviflora, Crotolaria calycina, C. stricta, Desmodium triflorum, D. diffusum, Zornia gibbosa, etc., have medicinal importance which needs to be explored. The importance of the weeds in the native medicine is discussed with special reference to first-aid-treatments and also perhaps help the layman to exploit them for curing various ailments. Prominent Medicinal Weeds of Grid Zone of Madhya Pradesh S.K. Pandey and H.S. Kushwaha, J.N.K.V.V. College of Agriculture Gwalior-474002 (M.P.) ABSTRACT Weed flora in different crops of Grid zone was reviewed from literature and survey reports. The prominaent weeds common in every part of the zone were identified with the help of questionnaires prepared. Help of rural Vaidhyas, Tantriks and Ayurvedic doctors was also taken to finalize the information. The study revealed that 10 prominent weeds have medical value with the possibility of economic return from them. The details of these weeds and parts out of leaf, stem, flower, root and seed used medicinally are are presented in the paper alongwith specific medicinal uses. |
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| Allelopathic infuence of Parthenium extracts on the germination and seeding growth of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) Rakesh Mehta, P.B. Sharma & Pratibha Singh Sarojini Naidu Govt. Girls P.G. College (Auto) Bhopal (M.P.) Z.A.R.S. J.N.K.V.V. Powarkheda (M.P.) 461111 ABASTRACT Parthenium hysterophorus L. is an exotic weed and one of the major environment pollutants of today which has toxic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of various field crops. Present experiment was conducted in order to find out the Alleopathic effects of different concentrations viz. (100%, 50%, 25%, 10% and 1%) of aqueous extracts of Parthenium hyterophorus leaf on Cajanus cajan. The extracts of different concentrations from parthenium leaf had both positive and negative effect on seed germination and vigour of the crop species studied. The leaf extract usually showed inhibitory effects which increased with increasing concentrations. Measurement on root and shoots revealed that leaf extract of different concentration particularly 1%, 10% and 25% significantly promoted germination and elongation of root, shots and fresh weight. Higher concentrations of extracts 950%, 100%) significantly inhibited the fresh as well as dry weight of seedlings. However, lower concentration of extracts could produce stimulatory effect on elongation of root, shoot and biomass accumulation. Allelopathic effect of Parthenium leaf extract on germination and seedling vigour of Urad Rakesh Mehta, P.B. Sharma & Pratibha Singh Sarojini Naidu Govt. Girls P.G. College (Auto) Bhopal (M.P.) Z.A.R.S. J.N.K.V.V. Powarkheda (M.P.) 461111 ABASTRACT A laboratory experiment was conducted during Kharif 2000 at Z.A.R.S. Powarkheda, to assess the effect of parthenium leaf extract on germination and seedling growth of urid (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) The PLE at 1% concetration did not show toxicity but with increase in the concentration of PLE, the adverse effect on different parameters of germination and seedling growth was recorded. However, the reductions in germination and growth with 25% and above concentrations were found to be significant. Useful weeds in rice fields and bunds : A boon for Indian farmers. P. Oudhia Department of Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur – 492001 – India ABSTRACT In general, weeds are always considered as unwanted plants. Weeds invade commercial crops, pastures, forests and wastelands in rural and urban setting and if unchecked reduce, quantity and value of useful products. But all weeds are not unwanted plant. In ancient Indian literatures it is mentioned that every plant on this earth is useful for humanbeings, animals and for other plants. Many medicinal, industrial and allelopathic uses of weeds have been reported. Many studies conducted at Department of Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur (India) have indicated that farmers can earn additional income by selling different valuable parts of useful weeds (after handweeding) in national and international markets with the help of village level co-operatives. The utilization of weeds can not only recover the cost of handweeding but also provide an additional income to the farmers. Besides this, utilization of weeds as medicine, food, fodder etc. can also help in minimizing the heavy use of weedicides in rice fields. India is rich in bio-diversity. More that 50 weeds invade rice fields in India. Out of these 50 weeds, about 90% weeds are useful weeds and its uses are well documented in literatures. But due to lack of awareness, farmers are wasting energy in destroying these valuable plants. In many parts of India, specially in Chhattisgarh rice bunds cover about 10% area of rice field. The bunds are a potential source of useful weeds. More than 60 weeds in bunds are identified as useful weeds. About 300 international and national drug dealers are eager to purchase the medicinal weeds of rice fields and bunds. The study suggested that there is a strong need of (i) Documentation of valuable knowledge about weeds in rice fields (ii) Survey of the crop fields with reference to different land situations, soil types etc. (iii) Identification of villages having higher density of particular useful weed (iv) Establishment of proper linkage between village level co-operative societies and national and international dealers (v) Development of grading and processing methods for useful weeds according to international standards. Tradional medicinal knowledge about an obnoxious weed Jal Kumbhi (Eichhornia crassipes) in Chhattisgarh (India). P. Oudhia,* Department of Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur – 492001 India *Present Address : Director (Research & Dev.), Srishti Herbal Academy and Research Institute (SHARI), 66, Jairam Complex, Raipur . ABSTRACT Water hyacinth is the most predominant, persistent and troublesome aquatic weed in India. It was first introduced as an ornamental plant in India in 1896 from Brazil. In Chhattisgarh, water hyacinth grow as pond weed and also as rice weed in lowland fields. In ancient Indian literatures, it is clearly mentioned that every plant on this earth is useful for humanbeings, animals and also for other plants. Many medicinal, industrial and allelopathic uses of common weeds have been reported. The natives of Chhattisgarh use many common weeds to treat their health problems. In order to list out the existing medicinal uses of obnoxious weed Eichhornia, a survey was conducted during year 2000. the survey was conducted in six selected districts of Chhattisgarh state. From each selected district, two blocks were selected and from each block, a random sample of four villages was taken to make a sample of 100 respondents. Information regarding existing uses was collected though personal interviews. The survey revealed that many natives are using the water hyacinth as medicinal plant. It is mainly used as a remedy to treat the goiter disease. Two basic formulations were identified as most frequently used formulation. (1) Fresh plant of waterhyacinth, table salt and Pippali (Piper longum), a common herb, are mixed in equal quantity. 12 gms. of this mixture is prescribed for a patient daily till the relief. (2) Air dried plant of water hyacinth, is burnt and taken with fresh cow urine is also believed to cure the goiter. In Chhattisgarh, waterhyacinth is also used as styptic. The natives apply the fresh juice of this weed in fresh wounds. It is belived that it stops further spread of infection. For rice farmers it is one of the best first aid remedies for minor injuries. In septic wounds, it is applied with vinegar. The above mentioned uses of water hyacinth have not been reported in available literatures. The survey suggested that there is a strong need to identify the potential medicinal uses of this obnoxious weeds so that it can be used for the welfare of humanbeings. Common Rice weeds used for First Aid by Chhattisgarh Farmers. P. Oudhia* Department of Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur – 492001 India ABSTRACT Chhattisgarh (India) is rich in bio-diversity. Many valuable medicinal plants grow in the region as weeds. Chhattisgarh is known as "Rice bowl of Eastern India". Many medicinal weeds infest the rice fields of Chhatisgarh. Majority of native people still have faith in traditional system of medicines and they treat their health problems with plants available in their surroundings, specially during fields work where they invest their major time period, far from medical facilities. During fields works, farmers use common weeds as first aid measures. Due to non-availability of any systematic information, a survey was conducted by Department of Agronomy, IGAU, Raipur to list out the common rice weeds used for first aid by Chhattisgarh farmers. A detailed ethnobotanical survey was conducted in whole Chhattisgarh region including Raipur. Bastar, Sarguja, Rajnandgaon, Durg districts. The survey was done during 1997-1999. the help of specially prepared questionnaire was taken. Total 150 respondents were selected randomly from different districts for the survey. In survey, seven ailments were identified as major ailments which requires first aid and also which are most common to farmers. These ailments are minor injuries, scorpion bite, snake bite, sunstroke, headache, toothache and indegestion. The survey revealed that farmers use 13 common weeds for first aid. These weeds are Tridax procumbens, Cynodon dactylon, Caesulia axillaris, Blumea lacera, Eclipta alba, Sida acuta, Achyranthes aspera, Leucas aspera, Spilanthes acmella, Ocimum basilicum, Xanthium strumarium and Scoparia dulcis. These are common weeds of rice fields and. In case of injury, cuts, wounds etc. farmers apply fresh juice of crushed leaves in injured part. In majority of cases, the bleeding stops and fast healing of wounds occur. For bleeding fresh juice of whole plant of Caesulia is useful. It is general belief in Chhattisgarh, that keeping the Achyranthes root in foot wears, repell away the scorpion. In case of scorpion bite, as first aid measure farmers apply fresh juice of crushed leaves in affected part. Leucas aspera, locally known as Gumma, is one of the popular potherbs. It is general belief that person taking Leucas leaves as potherb for long period develops specific smell in his body which repells the snake away. In case of snake bite, farmers apply the fresh juice of crushed plant affected part. For severe toothache, during field work, farmers chew Spillanthes fruits. The bitter taste of this fruit juice mixed with saliva relieves toothache immediately. For acute headache farmers apply paste of Ocimum leaves in affected part in Northern-hilly part of Chhattisgarh, farmers wear the Xanthium fruits as earring to cure headache. In hot summers, sun-stroke is a common ailment. To prevent and also to cure sunstroke farmers use the decoction of Scoparia. During field work, while working under open sky, farmers chew Scoparia leaves to prevent sunstroke. Mature fruits of Cucumis trigonus, locally known as Kolhi kekdi, is a popular on field breakfast for farmers. This fruits cure indigestion and help farmers to work for long times. The survey suggested that the documenentation of this ethnobotanical knowledge and scientific recognition of these medicinal properties are essential. This documentation will provide a base to researcher for developing new drugs from these problematic weeds. Weeds mentioned in holy Ramayana. P. Oudhia Convenor, WAP (War Against Parthenium). 28-A, College Road, Geeta Nagar, Raipur (M.P.) 492001 ABSTRACT A study was conducted to find out the weed names mentioned in holy ramayana. With the help of ancient and modern hteratures and discussion with senior citizens, the study was conducted. The study revealed that total 7 weeds species ae mentioned in the holy Ramayana with the help of L. Kand/Doha/Chaupai of Ramcharit Manas and valmiki Ramayana the local names and scientific names of these weed species are described in this paper. MEDICINAL WEEDS IN BANANA ORCHARDS : A BOON FOR SMALL FARMERS OF CHHATTISGARH (INDIA) P. Oudhia Department of Agronomy, Indira Ganchi Agricultural Universiy, Raipur-492001, India. ABSTRACT A detailed ethnobotanical survey was conducted in whole Chhattisgarh region and identify the existing weed flora of banana orchards enlist medicinal, allelopahic and industrial potential of common weeds and search the possible markets for the useful weeds. He study revealed that more than 80 weeds, having well documented medicinal, allelopathic and industrial uses infest the banana orchards in Chhattisgarh every yea. Out of which 10 common weed had been found as medicinal uses to cure the human diseases. TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT COMMON CROP WEEDS IN BAGBAHERA (INDIA) REGION : A SURVEY P. Oudhia, A.R. Pal* and G.P. Pali* Department of Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur-492001, India *Department of Land and Water Management. ABSTRACT To list out the traditional medicinal knowledge about common crop weeds of Bagbahera region (India), a survey was conducted during kharif, 2000. The survey revealed that out of 56 weeds, that infest the crop fields, total 30 weeds were identified as medicinal weeds. The most important ethnomedico knowledge of 11 selected medicinal weeds are also discussed. Chhattisgarh, a newly formed state of India, is rich in ethnomedico knowledge about common plants. The tribals of Chhattisgarh still use many common plants for the treatment of their health related problems (Oudhia and Tripathi, 1999a). In general, weeds are considered us unwanted plants as it complete with agricultural crops for light, moisture and nutrients and harbour diseases and insects harmful to crops. In Chhattisgarh, common crop and wasteland weeds are treated as medicinal plants by the natives (Oudhia, 1999a, b, c, d; Oudhia and Tripathi, 1999b). Bagbahera region of chhattisgarh is rich in natural biodiversity (Odhia and Pal, 2000). Thick forest and rocky hills are common features of the region . Rice,groundnut, urbdean, moongbean, soybean, kodo millet, prosomillet and sesamum are common kharif crops in this region. To list out the traditional medicinal knowledge about common crop weeds of this region, a survey was conducted during kharif 2000. A detailed floristic survey waw conducted in more than 75 villages of Bagbahera region including Phoolvari, Maulimuda, Kassibahera, Navadih, Basladabri, Bhadrasi, Bihajhar, Kalyanpur, Basti Bagbahera, Tendukona, Mongrapali, Saraipali, Bhaluchuan, Litiadadar, Khairat, Kulia, Kasekera Kumharimuda, Bagarpali, Pandarikhar etc. a proportionate sample of villagers from each selected village was taken to give a total sample size of 500 respondents. The data were collected with the help of personal interview according to a well prepared interview schedule. For knowledge of medicinal uses of common weeds in crop fields, the help of reference literatures was also taken. The weeds were collected during intensive visits to the targeted villages of interval of 15 days. Visual assessments were made in different crop fields. The survey revealed that more than 56 weeds infest the dirrerent crop fields of Bagbahera region. of the 56 weeds, over 28 weeds were found in abundant. Late Abstracts MEDICINAL PLANTS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE K. R. Kohli Prof. & Head(Ex- WHO Consultant) Dept. Of Kayachikitsa R. A. Podar Medical College, Worli, Mumbai-400018 ABSTRACT Ayurveda has been practiced in India since more than 5000 years ago. The written literature of Ayurveda is as old as around 1000 BC. Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagwat Gita and Puranas all have evidence of the Ayurvedic practices being followed in and around their times. Medicinal Plants form the mainstay of Ayurvedic management. Around 90% of the Ayurvedic remedies are herbal in origin. Even when we talk of herbo mineral or metallic preparations, they are never with out the use of medicinal plants which can be in the form of Shodhan Processes or in the form of Bhavana Dravyas. The use of Medicinal plants have a lot of advantages over the current trend of Western medicine. Now the Governments have started planning to give Ayurveda a proper place in Health Care Delivery system of the nation. Hence the role of Ayurvedic herbs must be evaluated to find out what they can offer in Primary Health Care. Advantages Of Indian Systems In Primary Health Care are many and are listed as under: - • They are low cost, available locally • Free from serious side effects • Can be grown in similar conditions anywhere • High amount of acceptability • Very near to nature Through this presentation a few of the most commonly used medicinal plants of Ayurveda will be discussed for the most common indications as advocated in Ayurveda. Safflower-A Medicinal Herb S.S. Rao and Richa Shukla Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur (C.G.) ABSTRACT Safflower, Kusum, Kardi is one of the important quality {{oilseed}g} crop, can be grown in Chhattisgarh under marginal lands under rainfed/irrigated condition. The whole plant parts are having economic importance. Its oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (Linolinic acid, 78%). Young leaves and thinnings are eaten boiled, as a vegetable side dish with curry or rice in Chhattisgarh. Petals of safflower can be used for curing so many human diseases and also be used as dye, coloring food and cosmetic. Farmers of the Chhattisgarh will be benerited by encouraging its cultivation with ensuring the remunerative price for its oil and explore the market for its petals. From time immemorial safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Kusum, Kardi has been under cultivation in India either for its brilliantly coloured florets and the orange-red dye (Carthamin extracted from the florets. Now it is totally replaced by synthetic dyes and food colorants and very good oil from the seed. However, time has come for awareness regarding using natural dyes. In recent past research carried out at IGKV, Raipur revealed its true potential as a dry crop or with limited irrigation. Safflower oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (Linolinic acid, 78%) that are support to play an important role in reducing blood cholesterol level. About 30,000 hectares area is under safflower cultivation (Bemetara area) grown as mixed / intercropped with principal {{rabi}g} crops. The prevailing yield of 300 kg/ha. Is much below the productivity potentials realized through improved methods of crop husbandry on farmers field (10 to 15 q/ha) and is owing to poor management and extreme stress conditions. Safflower can be used as purgative and alexipharmic (antidote) effects, as well as in a medicated oil, to promote treating and cure fevers. Safflower dyes are particularly used to the carpet weaving industries. It can also be used to cotton cloth. From the records it has been learnt that tea made from safflower foliage, used to prevent abortion and infertility by woman. Young leaves and thinning are eaten boiled, as a vegetable side dish with curry or rice in Chhattisgarh. Two or three rows or boundary patches of safflower around a cereal or gram field can help to keep free-ranging cattle out of the grain. Petals can be extremely used for coloring food and cosmetics, dyes, medicines. Many clinical and laboratory studies support the use of safflower medicines for menstrual problems, cardiovascular disease and pain and swelling associated with trauma. Safflower dilates arteries reduces {{hypertension}g} and increases blood flow and have {{Oxygenation}g} of tissue. From reports it is also envisaged that safflower decoctions have been used successfully for treatment of male sterility and dead sperm excess disease. Treatment with safflower resulted in pregnancy in infertile woman had been infertile for 1.5-10 years, safflower prescriptions have been also used to treat respiratory diseases including prussic and chronic bronchitis. Safflower petals can be used to treat so many diseases of any type. Seeing the importance of the use of petals in view an experiment was carried out for collection of petals. The results revealed that about 110-120 kg of petals could be collected from one hectare of safflower crop. The farmers of Chhattisgarh will be benefited by encouragement for its cultivation and explore its marketing of petals. Indian Orchids in Indigenous Medicine System S. P. Das NRC for Orchids, ICAR {{Pakyong}e} – 737 106, Sikkim ABSTRACT Orchids belong to one of the three largest plant families on earth-Orchidaceae. Today economic importance of orchids is mainly because of their ornamental value. However, history of orchids probably started with their use as medicinal plants. As early as 200 BC the Chinese pharmacopoeia – “ the Sang Nung Pen Tsao Ching”, mentions Dendrobium as a source of {{tonic}g}, astringent, analgesic, anti-inflammatory substances. In Europe, in the medieval belief of the doctrine of signatures, tubers of some of these plants were thought to confer virility and potency. In India also orchids have been in use in indigenous system of medicines since Vedic period. “Ashtawarga” – a group of 8 drugs in Ayurvedic system, which are used for preparation of tonics, such as ‘ Chyavanprash’, consists 4 orchid species, viz., Malaxis muscifera(Lindl.) Kuntze, Malaxis acuminata D. Don, Habenaria intermedia D. Don and Habenaria edgeworthii Hook. F. India is home to about 1300 species of orchids, of which around 40 are being used in indigenous medicine system (Singh, D. K. 2001). Important orchid genera in India that are being used as medicinal sources are Acampe, Bulbophylum, Calanthe, Cleisostoma, Coelogyne, Cymbidium, Cypripedium, Dactylorhiza, Dendrobium, Epipactis, Eria, Eulophia, Flickingeria, Habenaria, Liparis, Luisia, Malaxis, Pecteilis, Pholidota, Rhynchostylis, Satyrium, Taprobanea, Vanda and Zeuxine. In the present paper the medicinally important orchid species in terms of their distribution, morphology, cultural requirements and utility in the indigenous medicine system will be discussed. |
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