World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -8

World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -8

World Literature on Medicinal Plants Quoted/Consulted/Modified/Improved/Discussed/Used/Corrected in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database.

For details please visit http://www.pankajoudhia.com




Abrams, B., Beers, M., & Berkow, R.E. (1995). The Merck Manual of Geriatrics, 2
nd
ed. New Jersey: Merck & Co.
Access Economics Pty Ltd. (2004). 'Delaying the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease;
Projections and Issues, Report to Alzheimer's Australia’. Canberra.
Albert, M. (2002). 'Memory decline: The boundary between aging and age-related
disease'. Annals of Neurology, 51(3), 282-284.
Alzheimer's Australia. (2004). 'Dementia Research: A Vision for Australia'.
 Canberra: Alzheimer's Australia.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
 Disorders, 4
th
 ed. Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington DC: APA                       
American Psychological Association. (1998). 'Guidelines for the evaluation of dementia
and age-related cognitive decline'. American Psychologist, 53(12), 1298-1303.
Anbarasi, K., Vani, G., Balakrishna, K., & Devi, C. (2005). 'Effect of bacoside A on
brain antioxidant status in cigarette smoke exposed rats'. Life Science (Abstract),
October 11 [epub ahead of print].
Anonymous. (2002). Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Mumbai.
Anstey, K. J., & Low, L. F. (2004). 'Normal cognitive changes in aging'. Australian
Family Physician, 33(10), 783-787.
Australian Department of Health and Aged Care. (1999). Fact Sheet: caring for people
with dementia, cognitive and behavioural difficulties. Canberra: Australian
Government Publishing Service.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW): Jenkins, A., Goss, J., Hales, C. &
Karmel, R. (2004). 'The impact of dementia on the health and aged care
systems'. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
Baddeley, A. (1991). 'The decline in working memory in Alzheimer's disease'. Brain,
114, 2521-2542.
Baddeley, A. (1992). 'Working Memory'. Science, 255(5044), 556-559.
Balota, D., Dolan, P., & Duchek, J. (2000). ‘Memory Changes in Healthy Older
Adults’. In E. C. Tulving, FM. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Memory (pp.
395-410). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 79
Barberger-Gateau, P., Letteneur, L., Deschamps, V., Peres, K., Dartigues, J.F., &
Renaud, S. (2002). 'Fish, meat & risk of dementia'. British Medical Journal,
325(7370), 932-935.
Bennett, J. (1999). 'Antipsychotic drug treatment'. Nursing Standard, 13(24), 49-53.
Bhattacharya, S.K., Bhattacharya, A., Kumar, A., & Ghosal, S. (2000). 'Antioxidant
activity of Bacopa monniera in rat frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus.'
Phytotherapy Research, 14(3), 174-179.
Bhattacharya, S.K., & Ghosal, S. (1998). 'Anxiolytic activity of a standardized extract
of Bacopa monniera- an experimental study'. Phytomedicine, 5(2), 77-82.
Bhattacharya, S.K., Kumar, A., & Ghosal, S. (1999). 'Effect of Bacopa monniera on
animal models of Alzheimer's disease and perturbed central cholinergic markers
of cognition in rats'. Research Communications in Pharmacology and
Toxicology, 4(3 & 4), ii1 -ii12.
Blumenthal, M.E. (2003). The American Botanical Council (ABC) Clinical Guide to
Herbs. Austin, Texas: The American Botanical Council.
Bose, K.C., & Bose, N.K. (1931). 'Observations on the actions and uses of Herpestis
monniera'. Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 1, 60.
Busse, A., Bischkopf, J., Riedel-Heller, S. G., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2003). 'Mild
cognitive impairment: prevalence and incidence according to different criteria:
Results of the Leipzig longitudinal study of the aged (LEILA75+)'. The British
Journal of Psychiatry, 182(5), 449-454.
Carlson, N. (2002). Physiological Psychology, 5
th
 edn. Boston: A Pearson Education
Company.
Cattel, R. (1963). 'Theory of fluid and crystallised intelligence: a critical experiment'.
Journal of Educational Psychology, 54, 1-22.
Chakravarty, A.K., Garai, S., Masuda, K., Nakane, T., & Kawahara, N. (2003).
'Bacopasides III-V: three new triterpenoid glycosides form Bacopa monniera'.
Chem Pharm Bulletin, 51, 215-217.
Chakravarty, A.K., Sarkar, T., Masuda, K., Shiojima, K., Nakane, T., & Kawahara, N.
(2001). 'Bacopaside I and II: two pseudojujubogenin glycosides from Bacopa
monniera'. Phytochemistry, 58, 553-556.
Chatterji, N., Rastogi, R.P., & Dhar, M.L. (1963). 'Chemical examination of Bacopa
monniera Wettst.: Part I - Isolation of chemical constituents'. Indian Journal of
Chemistry, 1, 212-215. 80
Chowdhuri, D.K., Parmar, D., Kakkar, P., Shukla, R., Seth, P.K.,, & Srimal, R.C.
(2002). 'Antistress effects of bacosides of Bacopa monnierei: Modulation of
Hsp70 expression, superoxide dismutase and cytochrome P450 activity in rat
brain'. Phytotherapy Research, 16, 639-645.
Christensen, H. (2001). 'What cognitive changes can be expected with normal ageing?'
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35(6), 768-775.
Cohen, N.J., & Squire, L.R. (1980). 'Preserved learning and retention of pattern
analyzing skill in amnesia: Dissociation of knowing how and knowing that'.
Science, 210, 207-210.
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). (2005).
'Preventative health flagship tackles dementia', Media release.
Corwin, J., & Bylsma, F.W. (1993). Translation: Rey 'Psychological examination of
traumatic encephalopathy' and Osterrieth 'The complex figure copy test'. The
Clinical Neuropsychologist, 7(1), 3-18.
Courtney, C., Farrell, D., Gray, R., Hills, R., Lynch, L., Sellwood, E., et al. (2004).
'Long term donepezil treatment in 565 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD
2000): randomised double-blind trial'. Lancet, 363(9427), 2105-2115.
Craik, F.M., & Jennings, J.M. (1992). 'Human memory', in Craik, F.M. & Salthouse,
T.A. (eds), The Handbook of Aging and Cognition, pp51-109. Hillsdale, NJ:
Erlbaum.
Crook, T.H., Bartus, R.T., Ferris, S.H., Whitehouse, P., Cohen, G.D., & Gershon, S.
(1986). 'Age-associated memory impairment: Proposed diagnostic criteria and
measures of clinical change: Report of a National Institute of Mental Health
work group'. Developmental Neuropsychology, 2, 261-276.
Crook, T.H., Feher, E.P., & Larrabee, G.J. (1992). ‘Assessment of memory complaints
in age-associated memory impairment: the MAC-Q’. International Journal of
Psychogeriatrics, 4, 165-176.
Das, G.S., Nath, C., Pal, R., Singh, S., & Singh, H. (2002). 'A comparative study in
rodents of standardized extracts of Bacopa monniera and Gingko biloba
anticholinesterase and cognitive enhancing activities'. Pharmacology,
Biochemistry and Behaviour, 73, 893-900.
Dawe, B., Procter, A., & Philpot, M. (1992). 'Concepts of mild memory impairment in
the elderly and their relationship to dementia- a review'. International Journal of
Geriatric Psychiatry, 7, 473-479. 81
De Carli, C. (2003). 'Mild cognitive impairment: prevalence, prognosis, aetiology and
treatment'. Lancet Neurology, 2, 15-21.
de la Torre, J.C. (2004). 'Is Alzheimer's disease a neurodegenerative or a vascular
disorder? Data, dogma and dialectics'. The Lancet Neurology, 3, 184-190.
Deepak, M., & Amit, A. (2004). 'The need for establishing identities of 'bacoside A and
B', the putative major bioactive saponins of Indian medicinal plant Bacopa
monnieri'. Phytomedicine, 11(2/3), 264-268.
Deepak, M., Sangli, G.K., Arun, P.C., & Amit, A. (2005). 'Quantitative determination
of the major saponin mixture bacoside A in Bacopa monnieri by HPLC'.
Phytochemical Analysis, 16(1), 24-29.
Dey, C. D., Koley, P. N., & Dutta, C. P. (1964). 'Chemical and pharmacological
properties of Brahmi’. Journal of Experimental Medical Sciences, 8(1), 1-13.
Dhawan, B.N., & Singh, H.K. (1996). 'Pharmacological studies on Bacopa monniera, an
Ayurvedic nootropic agent'. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 6 (Suppl.3),
144.
Eisenberg, D.M., Kessler, R.C., Foster, C., Norlock, F.E., Calkins, D.R., & Delbanco,
T.L. (1993). 'Unconventional medicine in the United States: prevalence, costs
and patterns of use'. New England Journal of Medicine, 328, 246-252.
Flicker, L. (1999). 'Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease'. British
Medical Journal, 318, 615-616.
Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., & McHugh, P.R. (1975). 'Mini Mental State: a practical
method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician'. Journal of
Psychiatric Research, 12, 189-198.
Forrester, G., & Geffen, G. (1991). 'Performance measures of 7-to 15-year-old children
on the Auditory-Verbal Learning Test'. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 5(4),
345-359.
Ganzevles, P.G., & de Geus, B.W.J. (1991). 'Clinical neuropsychological assessment of
patients chronically exposed to organic solvents'. Archives of Toxicology
Supplement, 15, 54-57.
Garai, S., Mahato, S.B., Ohtani, K., & Yamasaki, K. (1996a). 'Dammarane-type
triterpenoid saponins from Bacopa monniera'. Phytochemistry, 42(3), 815-820.
Garai, S., Mahato, S.B., Ohtani, K. & Yamasaki, K. (1996b). 'Bacopasaponin D- a
pseudojujubogenin glycoside from Bacopa monniera'. Phytochemistry, 43, 2447-
2449. 82
Gee, J. M., & Johnson, L. T. (1988). 'Interactions between hemolytic saponins, bile salts
and small intestinal mucosa in the rat'. Journal of Nutrition, 118, 1391-1397.
Geffen, G., Moar, K.J., O'Hanlon, A.P., Clark, C.R., & Geffen, L.B. (1990).
'Performance measures of 16-to 86 year old males and females on the Auditory
Verbal Learning Test'. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 4(1), 45-63.
GlaxoWellcome Incorporated. (1997). The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
Questionnaire, 2003, from www.glaxowellcome.com
Graham, J.E., Rockwood, K., Beattie, B.L., Eastwood, R., Gauthier, S., Tuokko, H., et
al. (1997). 'Prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment with and without
dementia in an elderly population'. Lancet, 349(9068), 1793-1796.
Grundman, M., Petersen, R., Ferris, S.H., Thomas, R.G., Aisen, P.S., Bennett, D.A., et
al. (2004). 'Mild cognitive impairment can be distinguished form Alzheimer
disease and normal aging for clinical trials'. Archives of Neurology, 61(1), 59-66.
Haan, M.N., & Wallace, R. (2004). 'Can dementia be prevented? Brain aging in a
population-based context'. Annual Review of Public Health, 25, 1-24.
Hachinski, V., Illif, L., Zilhka, E., du Boulay, G.H., McAllister, V.L., Marshall, J., et al.
(1975). 'Cerebral blood flow in dementia'. Archives of Neurology, 32, 632-637.
Hackman, R. (1998). 'Antioxidants that entertain the brain'. Nutrition Science News, 10,
530-538.
Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J.M.C. (1985). 'Oxygen free radicals and the nervous
system'. Trends in Neuroscience, 8, 22-26.
Hanninen, T. (1996). 'Age-Associated Memory Impairment: A neuropsychological and
epidemiological study'. University of Kuopio, Finland.
Hasselmo, M.E., & Bower, J.M. (1993). 'Acetylcholine and memory'. Trends in
Neuroscience, 16, 218-221.
Hedlung, J.L., & Vieweg, M.S. (1979). 'The Hamilton rating scale for depression'.
Journal of Operational Psychiatry, 10(2), 149-165.
Henderson, A.S., & Jorm, A.F. (1998). Dementia in Australia. Canberra: Australian
Government Publishing Service.
Himi, T., Saito, H., & Nishiyama, N. (1989). 'Effect of Ginseng saponins on the survival
of cerebral cortex neurons in cell cultures'. Chemical & Pharmaceutical
Bulletin, 37(2), 481-484. 83
Hofferberth, B. (1994). 'The efficacy of EGb 761 in patients with senile dementia of the
Alzheimer type, a double blind, placebo controlled study on different levels of
investigation'. Human Psychopharmacology, 9, 215-222.
Horner, P.J., & Gage, F.H. (2002). 'Regeneration in the adult and aging brain'. Archives
of Neurology, 59(11), 1717-1720.
Hou, C.C., Lin, S.J., Cheng, J.T., & Hsu, F.L. (2002). 'Bacopaside HI, bacopasaponin
G, and bacopasides A, B and C from Bacopa monniera'. Journal of Natural
Products, 65, 1759-1763.
Ivnik, R.J., Malec, J.F., Tangalos, E.G., Petersen, R.G., Kokmen, E., & Kurland, L.T.
(1990). 'The Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT): Norms for ages 55 years
and older'. Psychological Assessment, 2, 303-304.
Jain, P., Khanna, N.K., Trehan, T., Pendse, V.K., & Godhwani, J.L. (1994).
'Antiinflammatory effects of an Ayurvedic preparation, Brahmi Rasayan, in
rodents'. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 32, 633-636.
Jorm, A. (2002). 'Prospects for the prevention of dementia'. Australasian Journal on
Ageing, 21(1), 9-13.
Jorm, A., Rodgers, B., & Christensen, H. (2004). 'Use of medications to enhance
memory in a large community sample of 60-64year olds'. International
Psychogeriatrics, 16(2), 209-217.
Jorm, A.F. (2001). 'Dementia: a major health problem for Australia' Position Paper 1.
Alzheimer's Association Australia, September.
Jorm, A. F., Korten, A. E., & Henderson, A. S. (1987). 'The prevalence of dementia: A
quantitative integration of the literature'. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 76,
465-479.
Kahn, R.L., & Rowe, J.W. (1998). Successful Aging. New York: Pantheon.
Kapoor, L.D. (1990). CRC Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. Florida: CRC
Press, Inc.
Kawai, K.I., & Shibata, S. (1978). 'Pseudojujubogenin, a new sapogenin from Bacopa
monnieri'. Phytochemistry, 17, 287-289.
Kawas, C.H. (2003). 'Early Alzheimer's disease'. New England Journal of Medicine,
349(11), 1056-1063.
Kimmel, D.C. (1990). Adulthood and Aging: An Interdisciplinary, Developmental View.
New York: John Wiley & sons. 84
Kishore, M., & Singh, M. (2005). 'Effect of bacosides, alcoholic extract of Bacopa
monniera Linn. (brahmi), on experimental amnesia in mice'. Indian Journal of
Experimental Biology, 43(7), 640-645.
Klassen, A., Sung, J., & Sradlan, E. (1968). 'Histological changes in cerebral arteries
with increasing age'. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology,
27, 607-623.
Kleijnen, J., & Knipschild, P. (1992). 'Gingko biloba for cerebral insufficiency'. British
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 34, 352-358.
Knapp, M.J., Knopman, D.S., Solomon, P.R., & et al. (1994). 'A 30 week randomized
controlled trial of high dose tacrine in patients with Alzheimer’s disease'.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 271, 985-991.
Koelle, G.B. (1975). ‘Parasympathomimetic Agents’ in Goodman, L.S & Gilman, A.
(Eds.), The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 5
th
 ed. pp. 467-476. New
York: Macmillan.
Kral, V.A. (1962). 'Senescent forgetfulness: benign and malignant'. Canadian Medical
Association Journal, 86, 257-260.
Lacaille-Dubois, M., & Wagner, H. (1996). 'A review of the biological and
pharmacological activities of saponins'. Phytomedicine, 2(4), 363-386.
Larrieu, L., Leenneur, C., Helmer, J.F., Dartigues, P., & Barberger-Gateau, P. (2004).
'Nutritional risk factors and risk of incident dementia in the PAQUID
longitudinal cohort'. The Jounal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 8(3), 150-154.
LeBars, P.L., Katz, M.M., Berman, N., Turan, M., Freedman, A.M., & Schatzberg, A.F.
(1997). 'A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of
Gingko biloba for dementia'. Journal of the American Medical Association,
278(16), 1327-1332.
Levy, R. (1994). 'Aging-associated cognitive decline'. International Psychogeriatrics, 6,
63-68.
Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., & Loring, D.W. (2004). Neuropsychological Assessment
4
th
 ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lopez, O.L., Becker, J.T., Wisniewski, S., Saxton, J., Kaufer, D.I., & DeKosky, S.T.
(2002). 'Cholinesterase inhibitor treatment alters the natural history of
Alzheimer's disease'. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry,
72(3), 310-315. 85
Luszcz, M., & Bryan, J. (1999). 'Challenges to understanding age-related memory loss
in late adulthood: an introduction'. Gerontology, 45(6), 343-344.
Ma, T.C., & Yu, Q.H. (1993). 'Effect of 20-(S)-Ginsenoside-R2 and cyproheptadine on
two-way active avoidance learning and memory in rats'. Arzneim-Forsch/Drug
Research, 43(11), 1049-1052.
Ma, T.C., Yu, Q.H., & Chen, M.H. (1991). 'Effects of ginseng stem-leaves saponins on
one way avoidance behaviour in rats'. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao, 12(5), 403-
406.
Macartney-Filgate, M.S., & Vriezen, E.R. (1988). 'Intercorrelation of clinical tests of
verbal memory'. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3, 121-126.
MacLennan, A., Wilson, D., & Taylor, B. (1996). 'Prevalence and cost of alternative
medicine in Australia'. The Lancet, 347(March 2), 569-573.
Macmillan, H.F. (1991). Tropical Planting and Gardening (6 ed.). Kuala Lumpur:
Malayan Nature Society.
Mahato, S.B., Garai, S., & Chakravarty, A.K. (2000). 'Bacopasaponins E and F: two
jujubogenin bisdesmosides from Bacopa monniera'. Phytochemistry, 53(6), 711-
714.
Malhotra, C.L., & Das, P.K. (1959). 'Pharmacological studies of Herpestis monniera
Linn. (Brahmi)'. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 47, 294-305.
Markowitsch, H.J. (2000). ‘Neuroanatomy of Memory’, in E.C. Tulving, F.M. (Ed.),
The Oxford Handbook of Memory. (pp. 465-484). Oxford University Press.
Mattson, M.P. (2000). 'Existing data suggest that Alzheimer's disease is preventable'.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 924, 153-159.
Mattson, M.P. (2003). 'Gene-diet interactions in brain aging and neurodegenerative
disorders'. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139(5), 441-444.
McShane, R., Keene, J., Gedling, K., Fairburn, C., Jacoby, R., & Hope, T. (1997). 'Do
neuroleptic drugs hasten cognitive decline in dementia? Prospective study with
necropsy follow up'. British Medical Journal, 314, 266-275.
Mearns, J., Dunn, J., & Lees-Haley, P.R. (1994). 'Psychological effects of
organophosphate pesticides: a review and call for research by psychologists'.
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50, 286-294.
Mills, S., & Bone, K. (2000). Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. London:
Harcourt Ltd.
Mills, S., & Bone, K. (2005). The Essential Guide to Herbal Safety. St Louis: Elsevier. 86
Minett, T.S., Dean, J.L., Firbank, M., English, P., & O'Brien, J.T. (2005). 'Subjective
memory complaints, white matter lesions, depressive symptoms and cognition in
elderly patients'. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13, 665-671.
Moher, D., Schulz, K.F., & Altman, D.G. (2001). 'The CONSORT statement: revised
recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group
randomised trials'. The Lancet, 357(9263), 1191-1194.
Morgan, M., & Bone, K. (1999). 'Bacopa',. Modern Phytotherapist, September, 21-27.
Morris, M.C., Evans, D.A. & Tangney, C.C. (2005). 'Fish consumption and cognitive
decline with age in a large community study'. Archives of Neurology, 62, 1-5.
Morris, M.C., Evans, D.A., Bienias, J.L., Tangney, C.C., Bennett, D.A., Aggarwal, N.,
et al. (2002). 'Dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients and the risk of Alzheimer's
disease in a biracial community study'. Journal of American Medical
Association (JAMA), 287(24), 3230-3237.
Mukherjee, G.D., & Dey, C.D. (1966). 'Clinical Trial on Brahmi- Part I'. Journal of
Experimental Medical Science, June- Sept, 5-11.
Nathan, P.J., Clarke, J., Lloyd, J., Hutchison, C.W., Downey, L., & Stough, C. (2001).
'The acute effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive
function in healthy normal subjects.' Human Psychopharmacology, 16, 345-351.
Nathan, P.J., Tanner, S., Lloyd, J., Harrison, B., Curran, L., Oliver, C., et al. (2004).
'Effects of a combined extract of Gingko biloba and Bacopa monniera on
cognitive function in healthy humans'. Human Psychopharmacology, 19, 91-96.
Negi, K.S., Singh, Y.D., Kushwaha, K. P., Rastogi, C. K., Rathi, A. K., Srivastava, J. S.,
et al. (2000). 'Clinical evaluation of memory enhancing properties of Memory
Plus in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder'. Indian Journal of
Psychiatry, 42, Supplement.
O'Brien, J.T., Erkinjuntti, T., Reisberg, B., Roman, G., Sawada, T., Pantoni, L., et al.
(2003). 'Vascular cognitive impairment'. The Lancet Neurology, 2, 89-98.
Osterrieth, P.A. (1944). 'Le test de copie d'une figure complex: Contribution a l'etude de
la perception et de la memoire'. Archives de Psychologie, 30, 286-340.
Perrig, W.J., Perrig, P., & Stahelin, H.P. (1997). 'The relation between antioxidants and
memory performance in the old and very old'. Journal of American Geriatric
Society, 45(6), 718-724. 87
Petersen, R.C., Smith, G.E., Waring, S.C., Ivnik, R..J., Tangalos, E.G., & Kokmen, E.
(1999). 'Mild cognitive impairment: Clinical characterization and outcome'.
Archives of Neurology, 56, 303-308.
Petersen, R.C., Stevens, J.C., Ganguli, M., Tangalos, E.G., Cummings, J.L. &
DeKosky, S.T. (2001). 'Practice parameter: Early detection of dementia: Mild
cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review)'. Neurology, 56(9), 1133-
1142.
Petersen, R.C. (2004). 'Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity'. Journal of
Internal Medicine, 256, 183-194.
Petersen, R.C., Smith G.E., Kokmen, E., Ivnik, R.J., & Tangalos, E.G. (1992). 'Memory
function in normal aging'. Neurology, 42, 396-401.
Phipps, L. (1999). 'Effects and side effects of antipsychotic drugs'. Nursing Standard,
13(48), 56.
Polgar, S., & Thomas, S.A. (1995). Introduction to Research in the Health Sciences (3
ed.). Melbourne: Churchill Livingstone.
Rastogi, R.P. (1990). Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants (Vol. 1; pp 118-122).
New Delhi: CSIR.
Rastogi, R.P., Pal, R., & Kulshreshtha, D.K. (1994). 'Bacoside A3: a triterpenoid
saponin from Bacopa monniera'. Phytochemistry, 36, 133-137.
Reisberg, D. (1997). Cognition: Exploring the Science of Mind, 1
st
 ed. New York:
W.W. Norton & Company.
Reitan, R.M. (1958). ‘Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain
damage.’ Perceptual and Motor Skills, 8, 271-276.
Rey, A. (1941). 'L'examen psychologique dans les cas d'encephalopathie traumatique'.
Archives de Psychologie, 28, 286-340.
Rey, A. (1964). L'examen clinique in psychologie. Paris: Press Universitaire de France.
Rickert, P. & Senior, G. (1998). 'WMS-III List Learning Test and the Rey Auditory
Verbal Learning Test: comparisons and Australian normative data',. Poster
presented at the 4th Annual Conference of the College of Clinical
Neuropsychologists, Lorne, Victoria, Australia.
Rogers, S.L., Farlow, M.R., Doody, R.S., et al. (1998). 'A 24-week, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer’s disease',.
Neurology, 50, 136-145. 88
Roodenrys, S., Booth, D., Bulzomi, S., Phipps, A., Micallef, C., & Smoker, J. (2002).
'Chronic Effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on Human Memory'.
Neuropsychopharmacology, 27(2), 279-281.
Rosen, W.G., Terry, R.D., Fuld, P.A., Katzman, R., & Peck, A. (1980). 'Pathological
verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias'. Annals of
Neurology, 7, 486-488.
Russo, A., & Borrelli, F. (2005). 'Bacopa monniera, a reputed nootropic plant: an
overview'. Phytomedicine, 12, 305-317.
Russo, A., Izzo, A.A., Borrelli, F., Renis, M., & Vanella, A. (2003a). 'Free radical
scavenging capacity and protective effect on DNA damage of Bacopa monniera'.
Phytotherapy Research, 17, 870-875.
Russo, A., Borrelli, F., Campisi, A., Aquaviva, R., Raciti, G., & Vanella, A. (2003b).
'Nitric oxide-related toxicity in cultured astrocytes: effects of Bacopa monniera.'
Life Science, 73, 1517-1526.
Sachdev, P.S. (2001). 'The ageing brain: a symposium. An introduction'. Australian and
New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 765-767.
Sairam, K., Rao, V., Dora Babu, M., & Goel, R.K. (2001). 'Prophylactic and curative
effects of Bacopa monniera in gastric ulcer models'. Phytomedicine, 8(6), 423-
430.
Sano, M., Ernesto, C., Thomas, R.G., Klauber, M.R., Schafer, K., & Grundman, M.
(1997). 'A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol or both as treatment for
Alzheimer's disease' The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. New England
Journal of Medicine, 336, 1216-1222.
Scarpini, E., Scheltens, P., & Feldman, H. (2003). 'Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease:
Current status and new perspectives'. Lancet Neurology, 2, 539-547.
Schmidt, M. (1996). Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. A Handbook. Los Angeles:
Western Psychological Services.
Schneider, L.S. (2005). 'Mild cognitive impairment'. American Journal of Geriatric
Psychiatry, 13(8), 629-632.
Schulz, V., Hubner, W.D., & Ploch, M. (1997). 'Clinical trials with phytopsychopharmacological agents'. Phytomedicine, 4(4), 379-387. 89
Sharma, R., Chaturvedi, C., & Tewari, P.V. (1987). 'Efficacy of Bacopa Monnieri in
revitalizing intellectual functions in children'. Journal of Research and
Education in Indian Medicine, 6, 1-10.
Singh, H.K., & Dhawan, B.N. (1982). 'Effect of Bacopa monniera Linn. (Brahmi)
extract on avoidance responses in rats'. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 5, 205-
214.
Singh, H.K., & Dhawan, B.N. (1997). 'Neuropsychopharmacological effects of the
ayurvedic nootropic Bacopa monniera linn. (brahmi)'. Indian Journal of
Pharmacology, 29, s359-s365.
Singh, H.K., Rastogi, R.P., Srimal, R.C., & Dhawan, B. N. (1988). 'Effect of Bacosides
A and B on Avoidance Responses in Rats'. Phytotherapy Research, 2(2), 70-75.
Singh, P.S., Sharad, S., & Kapur, S. (2004). 'Free radicals and oxidative stress in
neurodegenerative diseases: Relevance of dietary antioxidants'. Journal of the
Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine, 5(3), 218-225.
Singh, R.H., & Singh, L. (1980). 'Studies on the anti-anxiety effect of the medhya
rasayana drug, Brahmi (Bacopa monniera Wettst.) -part 1'. Journal of Research
in Ayurveda and Siddha, 1, 133-148.
Sivarajan, V.V. (1994). Ayurvedic Drugs and their Plant Sources. Lebanon: NH:
International Science Publisher.
Sliwinski, M., & Hofer, S. (1999). 'How strong is the evidence for mediational
hypotheses of age related memory loss?' Gerontology, 45(6), 351-354.
Small, G.R., Rabins, P.V., Barry, P.B., Buckholtz, N.S., DeKosky, S.T., Ferris, T.H.,
Finkel, S.I., Gwyther, L.P., Khachaturian, Z.S., Lebowitz, B.D., McRae, T.D.,
Morris, J.C., Oakley, F., Schneider, M.S., Streim, J.E., Sunderland, T., Teri,
L.A., & Tune, L.E. (1997). 'Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer Disease and
Related Disorders Consensus Statement'. Journal of the American Medical
Association, 278(16), 1363-1371.
Small, G.W. (2002). 'What we need to know about age related memory loss'. British
Medical Journal, 324(22 June), 1502-1505.
Snowdon, J., Vaughan, R., Miller, R., Burgess, E., & Tremlett, P. (1995). 'Psychotropic
drug use in Sydney nursing homes'. The Medical Journal of Australia, 163, 70-
72. 90
Solfrizzi, V., Panza, F., Torres, F., Mastroianni, F., Del Parigi, L., Vanezia, A., et al.
(1999). 'High monounsaturated fatty acids intake protects against age-related
cognitive decline'. Neurology, 52, 1563-1569.
Spreen, O., & Strauss, E. (1991). A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests.
Administration, Norms and Commentary. New York: Oxford University Press.
Stough, C., Lloyd, J., Clarke, J., Downey, L.A., Hutchison, C.W., Rodgers, T., et al.
(2001). 'The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on
cognitive function in healthy human subjects'. Psychopharmacology, 156(4),
481-484.
Sumathy, T., Subramanian, S., Govindasamy, S., Balakrishna, K., & Veluchamy, G.
(2001). 'Protective effect of Bacopa monniera on morphine induced
hepatotoxicity in rats'. Phytotherapy Research, 15, 643-645.
Sumathy, T.S., Govindasamy, S., Balakrishna, K., & Veluchamy, G. (2002). 'Protective
role of Bacopa monniera on morphine- induced brain mitochondrial enzyme
activity in rats'. Fitoterapia, 73, 381-385.
Tripathi, Y.B., Chaurasia, S., Tripathi, E., Upadhyay, A., & Dubey, G.P. (1996).
'Bacopa monniera Linn. as an antioxidant: mechanism of action.' Indian Journal
of Experimental Biology, 34(6), 523-526.
Trollor, J.N., & Valenzuela, M.J. (2001). 'Brain ageing in the new millenium'.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35(6), 788-805.
Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of episodic memory. Oxford University Press.
Tulving, E. (2001). 'Does Memory Encoding Exist?' In Naveh-Benjamin, M.,
Moscovitch, M. & Roediger III, H.L. (Eds.), Perspectives on Human Memory
and Cognitive Aging: Essays in Honour of Fergus Craik (pp. 6-27). New York:
Psychology Press.
Van der Linden, M., Bredart, S., & Beerten, A. (1994). 'Age related differences in
updating working memory'. British Journal of Psychology, 85, 145-152.
Vesper, J., & Hansgen, K.D. (1994). 'Efficacy of Gingko biloba in 90 outpatients with
cerebral insufficiency caused by old age: Results of a placebo-controlled doubleblind trial'. Phytomedicine, 1, 9-16.
Wimo, A., Winblad, B., Aguero-Torres, H., & von Strauss, E. (2003). 'The magnitude
of dementia occurrence in the world'. Alzheimer Disease and Associated
Disorders, 17(2), 63-67. 91
World Health Organisation (WHO). (1992). The International Classification of Mental
and Behavioural Disorders, 10th Revision, (ICD-10). Clinical descriptions and
diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
Zandi, P.P., Anthony, J.C., Khachaturian, A.S., Stone S.V., Gustafson, D., Tschansz,
J.T., et al. (2004). 'Reduced risk of Alzheimer disease in users of antioxidant
vitamin supplements: The Cache County Study'. Archives of Neurology, 61(1),
82-88.
Zola, S.M., & Squire, L.R. (2000). 'The Medial Temporal Lobe and the Hippocampus'.
In Tulving, E.C., & Craik, F.M. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Memory. (pp.
485-500). Oxford University Press.
Aloufa, M.A. (2002). Some factors affecting the callus induction and shoot formation in two
cultivars of sweet potato Ipomoea batatas(L.) POIS. Cienc. Agrotec. Lavras. 26: 964-969.
Anonymous, (2004). Bacopa monnieri. Monograph. Altern. Med. Rev. 9: 79-85.
Basu, N., Rastogi, R.P., Dhar and M.L. (1967). Chemical examination of  Bacopa monnieri
Wettst: Part III- Bacoside B. Indian Journal of Chemistry 5: 84-86.
Binita, B.C., Ashok, M.D. and Yogesh, T.J. (2005).  Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell: a rapid,
efficient and cost effective micropropagation, Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 15:
167-175.
Chatterjee, N., Rastogi, R.P. and Dhar, M.L. (1965). Chemical examination of Bacopa monnieri
Part II. The constitution of Bacoside A. Indian Journal of Chemistry 3: 24-29.
Chen, L.J., Hu, T.W. and Huang, L.C. (1995). A protocol toward multiplication of the
medicinal tree, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. In Vitro Cell Developmental Biology- Plant.
31: 193-198.
Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian medicinal plants, pp.32,
CSIR, New Delhi, India.
Debnath, M. (2008). Responses of  Bacopa monnieri  to salinity and drought stress in vitro,
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 2: 347-351.
Escandon, A.S., Hagiwara, J.C. and Alderete, L.M. (2006). A new variety of Bacopa monnieri
obtained by in vitro polyploidization, Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 9: 0717-3458.
Hammerschlag, F.A., Bauchan, G. and Scorza, R. (1985). Regeneration of peach plants from
callus derived from immature embryos. Theor. Appl. Genet. 70: 248-251.
Jain, R.K., Choudhury, J.B., Sharma, D.R. and Friedt, W. (1988). Genotypic and media effects
on plant regeneration form cotyledon explants cultures of some Brassica  species. Plant
Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 14: 197-206.
Jha, S. and Jha, T.B. (1989). Micropropagation of Cephaelis ipecacuanha Richard. Plant Cell
Report 8: 437-439.
Leung, A.Y. (1980). Encyclopedia of common natural ingrediants used in foods, drugs and
cosmetics (John Wiley & Sons, New York).
Mukherjee, D.G. and Dey, C.D. (1966). Clinical trial on Brahmi. J Exper. Med Sci. 10: 5-11.
Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with
tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15: 473-497.
Nagmani, R. and Venketeswaran, S. (1987. Plant regeneration in callus cultures of Lencaena,
In: J. M. Bonga and Don J. Durzan (Eds.). Cell and Tissue Culture in forestry. Martinus
Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 285-291, Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster.
Niedz, R.P., Smith, S.S., Dunbar, K.S., Stephens, C.T. and Murakishi H.H. (1989). Plant Cell
Tissue and Organ Culture 18: 313-319.
Rao, P.S., Supresanna, P. and Kukda, G. (1996). Micropropagation of safed musli
(Chlorophytum borivilianum) a rare medicinal herb. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture
39: 93-96.
Rastogi, S., Mehrotra, B.N. and Kulshreshtha, D.K. (1994). Proceedings of IV International
congress of ethnobiology. Deep Publications, pp. 93, New Delhi,  India.
Rout, G.R., Samantaray, S. and Das, P. (2000).  In vitro manipulation and propagation of
medicinal plants. Biotechnology Advances 18: 91-120.
Roy, A.T. and De, D.N. (1990).  Tissue Culture and plat regeneration from  immature embryo
explants of Calotropis gigantea Linn. R. Br. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 20: 229-233.
Russo, A. and Borrelli, F. (2005). Bacopa monniera, a reputed nootropic plant: an overview.
Phytomedicine 12: 305-317.
Saxena, C., Rout, G. R. and Das, P. (1998). Micropropagation of Psoralea coryfolia L. Journal
of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 20: 15-18.
Sharma, N., Chandel, K.P.S. and Paul, A. (1993). In vitro propagation of Gentiana kurroo: an
indigenous threatened plant of medicinal importance. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture
34: 307-309.
Sharma, T.R. and Singh, B.M. (1997). High frequency  in vitro multiplication of disease-free
Zingiber officinale Rosc. Plant Cell Report 17: 68-72.
Shasany, A.K., Khunaja, S.P.S., Dhawan, S., Yadav, V., Sharma, S. and Kumar, S. (1998). High
regenerative nature of Mentha arvensis internodes. Journal of Biosciences 23: 641-646.
Tsay, H.S., Gau, T.G. and Chen C.C. (1989). Rapid clonal propagation of Pinellia ternata by
tissue culture. Plant Cell Report 8: 450-454.
Verhagen, S.A. and Wann, S.R. (1989). Norway spruce somatic embryogenesis: high frequency
initiation from light-cultured mature embryos. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 16:
103-111.
Wakhlu, A.K. and Barna, K.S. (1989). Callus initiation, growth and plant regeneration in
Plantago ovata Forsk. Cv. GI-2, Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 17: 235-241
1. Bingel,  A.S.  and Farnsworth,   N.R.  (1960), Journal of American Medical Society,
5:25-26.
2. Champion, R.H, et al (1992), Text book of Dermatology, 5
th
edition, Voi-3, P. 963,
Blackwel! Scientific Publication, Oxford.
3. Chopra, R.N. Nayar, S.I. and Chopra,  I.E. (1956), Glossary of Plants, P. 57 Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research.
4. Faresworth,  (1966), Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 55 (3): 225.
5. Hill, A.F. (1972), Economic Botany, P. 243 TMH edition, Tata Publishing Company
Ltd. New Delhi.
6. Graves, G. (1990), Medicinal Plants, P. 6, Bracken 0ook Publisher,
7. Grover, G.S. and Rao, T.J.  (1980), Analysis of the seeds of
8. Bacopa monnieri (L.) J. Inst. Chem, Calcutta, 52(5): 176-178
9. Irvine, S. (1995), In. Pharm, ADIS International Ltd.,  pp.  3-4.Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, 55(3): 226, March, 1966.
10. Langle Medical Publication.  Kenneth, A. C. (1982), A Textbook of Pharmaceutical
Analysis, 3
rd
edition, pp. 356-357, A Wiley- Interscience Publication, New York.
11. Kiritikar, K.R. & Basu B.D. (1984), Indian Medicinal Plants-2, p. 1568.
12. Kcchhlar.S.L. (1981), Economic Botany in the Tropics, PP.397-399, Me Millan
India, Ltd.
13. Mayers, N. (1982), Reader Digest, 121 (723), 124-125.
14. Sofora, A. (1982), Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa, pp. 6-8, John
Willy and Sons Ltd., New York.
15. Sri vastava, O.P. (1984), The Use of Pharmacological Technique for Evaluation of
Natural Products, edited by Dewan, B.N. and Srimal, R.C., P. 75. Stahl, E. (1969),
Thin Layer Chromatography: A Laboratory Hand Book, 2
nd
edition, Springer Verlag,
New York.
16. Tayler, V.E.,  Brady,  L.R. and Robbers,  J.E.  (1985), Pharmacognosy, 9
m
edition, p.
159,
17. Ampofo, (1979), In Sofowora, A (ed.), African Medicinal Plants, pp. 11-12 lle-Ife,
Nigeria.
1. Ahmad, R.U. (1993). Medicinal
plants used in ISM—Their procurement, cultivation, regeneration and
import/export aspects: a report. In:
Govil JN, Singh, VK Hashmi S (eds)
Medicinal  Plants:  New  Vistas of
Research (Part 1) (pp 221-25). Today
& Tomorrow Printers and Publisher,
New Delhi.
2. Ali, G., P.S. Srivastava and M. Iqbal
(1999). Morphogenic and biochemical responses of Bacopa monnieri
cultures to zinc toxicity.  Plant
Science 143:187–193.
3. Ashmore, S.E. (1997). Status report
on the development and application
of in vitro techniques for the conservation  and  use  of  plant genetic
resources. International Plant
Genetic Resources Institute, Rome,
Italy. 67 p.
4. Banerjee, M.   and  S.  Shrivastava
(2008). An  improved  protocol for
in vitro  multiplication  of  Bacopa
monnieri (L.).  World Journal of
Microbiology  and  Biotechnology
24(8): 1355-1359
6. Elangovan, V., S. Govindasamy, N.
Ramamoorthy  and  K. Balasubramaniam (1995). In vitro studies on
the anticancer  activity  of Bacopa
monnieri. Fitoterapia 66: 211–215.
7. Ghosh, T., T.K. Sengupta, P., D.K.
Dash and A. Bose (2008). Antidabetic
and in vitro antioxidant acfiving of
Bacopa monnieri Linn. aerial parts:
A possible  mechanism  of action.
Iranian  journal of Pharmaceutical
research 7(1): 61-68.
8. Haberlanat (1902). Sher. Akad. Wiss.
Wien III : 60-92.
9. Mahendran, T.S.  and P. Sampath
(2005). In vitro propagation of Coleus
forskohli – A threatened medicinal
plant. Recent advances in medicinal
plant research: vision 21st century.
10. Mathur, S.  and S. Kumar, (1998).
Phytohormone self-sufficiency for
regeneration  in the leaf and stem
explants of Bacopa monnieri. Journal
of Medicinal  and  Aromatic Plant
Sciences 20:1056–1059.
11. Murashige, T. and F. Skoog (1962).
A revised medium for rapid growth
and bioassays with to bacco-tissue
cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497.
12. Nadkarni, K.M. (1988). The Indian
Materia Medica; South Asia Books:
Columbia, 624-625.
14. Praveen, N. (2009). In vitro regeneration of  brahmi shoots using
semisolid  and  liquid cultures and
quantitative  analysis  of bacoside
A. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
31(4): 723-728.
15. Rahman, L.U., P.C. Verma, D. Singh,
M.M. Gupta and S. Banerjee (2002).
Bacoside production by suspension
cultures  of  Bacopa  monnieri (L.)
Pennell.  Biotechnology Letters
24(17): 1427-1429.
16. Sehrawat, A. R., U. Sanjogta and
P. Anita (2001). In vitro culture and
multiplication of Rauwolfia serpentine–a threatened medicinal plant.
Crop Res. 22: 68-71.
17. Shakoor, A., M. Akram, C.M. Ashraf
and M.R. Siddiqui (1994). Pharmacognostic study and chemical/
pharmacological evaluation of
Brahmi-buti.Hamdard Medicus 37(3):
92-109.
18. Shrivastava, N. and M. Rajani (1999).
Multiple  shoot  regeneration  and
tissue  culture  studies  on Bacopa
monnieri (L.)  Pennell.  Plant  Cell
Rep. 18: 919-923.
19. Sing, H.K., R.P. Rastogi, R.C. Srimal
and B.N. Dhawan (1988). Effect of
Bacosides  A  and B  on avoidance
responses  in  rats.  Phytotherapy
Research 2: 70–75.
20. Singh, R.P. and B.D. Singh (1989).
Recovery of rare interspecific hybrids
of gram, Cicer arietinum x C. cuneatum L. through tissue culture. Curr
Sci 58: 874-876.
22. Sivarajan, V.V., and I. Balachandran
(1994). Ayurvedic drugs and their
plant  sources,   Oxford  and  IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
India.
23. Tejavathi, D.H. and N.N. Rao (1998).
Comparative studies between normal
and tissue cultured plants of Bacopa
monnieri (L.) Pennell. In: IA Khan and
A. Khanum (editors). Role of biotechnology in medicinal and aromatic
plants, Vol. I. Ukaaz Publications,
Hyderabad, India. pp. 239–247.
24. Thorat, S. P., R. B. Swanth,  V. K.
Garande and D.R. Patgaonkar (2006).
Studies  on  the effect of IBA and
NAA on rooting of cutting in Nerium.
J. Asian Horticul. 2: 312- 313.
25. Tiwari, V., B.D. Singh and K.N. Tiwari
(1998). Shoot regeneration and
somatic embryogenesis from different explants  of  Brahmi. (Bacopa
monniera). Plant Cell Reports.17:
538-43.
26. Tiwari, V., K.N. Tiwari and B.D. Singh
(2000). Suitability of liquid cultures
for in vitro multiplication of Bacopa
monnieri  (L.)  Wettst.  Phytomorphology 50(3-4): 337–342.
27. Tiwari, V. (2006). Shool bud regeneration from different explants of
Bacopa  monuiera (L.)  wettst.  by
trimethoprim  and  baristin.  Plant
cell Reports 25(7)
28. Wakhlu, A.K. and P.S. Bajwa (1986)
Regeneration of uniform plants from
somatic embryos of Papaver somniferum  (opium poppy).  Phytomorphology 36:101–105.
1. Ansari, R. et al. 2001. A floristic account of Malabar botanical garden. Malabar botanical garden.
Kozhikode
2. Ansari, R. 2007. Conservation of the rare wetland plants of south India- A report on the IIN-India Small
Grant Project.  Malabar botanical garden.  Kozhikode.
3. Cook, C.D.K. 1996. Aquatic and wetland plants of India. Oxford University Press. New Delhi.
4. Rangaswamy, S.V. & Razi, B.A. 1973. Flora of Bangalore District. Prasaranga. University of Mysore.
Mysore.
5. Saldanha, C.J.  : 1984. Flora of Karnataka – Vol-I. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi.
6. Saldanha, C.J.  : 1996. Flora of Karnataka – Vol-II. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi.
7. Sharma B.D. et al. 1984.  Flora of Karnataka. Botanical Survey of India. 
1. Humphries, E.C., 1956. Modern Methods  of Plant
Analysis, 1: 468-502.
2. Jackson, M.L., 1973.  Soil Chemical analysis.
Constable Col.Ltd., London., pp : 498.
3. Piper, C.S., 1966. Soil plant analysis. Hand
Publications, Bombay.
4. Panse, V.G. and P.V. Sukhatme, 1985. Statistical
methods for agricultural workers.  Indian Council of
Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
5. Sadanandan, A.K., V. Srinivasan, S. Hamza, A.M.
Sajna and M.R. Rukina, 1998.  Effect of organic
fertilizers on soil quality, productivity and quality of
black pepper and cardamom.  In: Ann. Rep.  Indian
Institute of Spices Res., pp: 49-50.
6. Vasumathi, R., 2001. Influence of organic manures,
biofertilizers  and plant density on growth, yield and
alkaloid content of Bhumyamalaki (Phyllanthus
amarus Schum. And Thonn.). M.Sc., (Hort.) Thesis,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3.
India.
7. Sridhar, S., S. Arumugasamy, K. Vijayalakshmi and
A.V. Balasubramanian, 2001. VrikshayurvedaAyurveda for plant-A user manual. Clarion, 1-6.
8. Arularasu, P., 1995. Effect of graded doses of
nitrogen and spacing on yield of herbage and oil in
Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.). M.Sc.,(Hort.) Thesis,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3,
India.
9. Kanimozhi, B., 2004. Effect of organic manures and
biostimulants on productivity and quality of Brahmi
(Bacopa monnieri L.). M.Sc., (Hort.) Thesis, Tamil
Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3, India.
10. Sivakumar, V., 2004. Studies on standardization of
protocol for maximization of  growth, yield and
alkaloid content in Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum
L.). M.Sc.,(Hort.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University, Coimbatore-3, India.
Agrios, G. N. (1997). Plant pathology. Academic Press, New York, USA, 803 pp.
Barazani, O., Benderoth, M., Groten, K., Kuhlemeier, C. and Baldwin, I.T. (2005). Piriformospora
indica and  Sebacina vermifera increase growth performance at the expense of herbivore
resistance in Nivotiana attenuate. Oecologia 146: 234-243.
Blechert, O., Kost, G., Hassel, A., Rexer, R-H., Varma, A. (1999). First remarks on the
symbioticinteractions between  Piriformospora indica  and terrestrial orchids. (Eds)
Varma A and Hock B In: Mycorrhizae 2
nd
Edition, Springer-Verlag, Germany, 683-688
pp.
Brozova, J. (2004). Mycoparasitic fungi  Trichoderma spp. in plant protection. Plant Protect.
Sci. 40: 63-74. 
Bryan, G.T., Daniels, M.J. and Osbourn, A.E. (1995). Comparison of fungi within the
Gaeumannomyces-Phialophora  complex by analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 681-689.
Chet, I. (1987). Trichoderma application, mode of action, and potential as a biocontrol agent of
soilborne plant pathogenic fungi. Pages 137-160 in: Innovative Approaches to Plant
Disease Control. I. Chet, ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Chet, I. and Baker, R. (1980). Induction of suppressiveness to  Rhizoctonia solani  in soil.
Phytopathology 70: 994-998.
Cook, R. J. (2003). Take-all of wheat. Physiology Molecular Plant Phytopathology 62: 73–86.
Danielson, R.M.  and Davey, C.B. (1973). Effects of nutrients and acidity on phialospore germination
of Trichoderma in vitro. Soil Biol. Biochem 5: 517-524.
Dehne, H.W. (1982). Interaction between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant
pathogens. Phytopathology 72: 1115–1119.
Dennis, C. and Webster, J. (1971). Antagonistic properties of speciesgroups of Trichoderma. I.
The production of non-volatile antibiotics. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc, 57:25-39.
Elad, Y. (1996).Mechanisms involved in the biological control of Botrytis cinerea  incited
diseases. Eur. J. Plant Pathol.102: 719–732.
Elad, Y. (2000). Biological control of foliar pathogens by means of  Trichoderma harzianum
and potential modes of action. Crop Protection 19: 709-714. 
El-Katatny, M. H., Somitsch, W., Robra, K-H., El-Katatny2, M.S. and Gübitz, G.M. (2000).
Production of Chitinase and -1, 3-glucanase by Trichoderma harzianum for Control of
the Phytopathogenic Fungus Sclerotium rolfsii. Food technol. Biotechnol. 38 (3): 173–
180.
Eziashi, E.I., Omamor, I.B. and Odigie, E.E. (2007). Antagonism of Trichoderma viride  and
effects of extracted water soluble compounds from  Trichoderma species and benlate
solution on Ceratocystis paradoxa. African Journal of Biotechnology 6 (4): 388-392.
Franken, P., Buetehorn, B. and Varma, A. (1998). Piriformospora indica, a cultivable root cell
infecting fungus promotes the growth of a broad range of plant species. In: International
Congress on Mycorrhiza 65 pp.
Hadar, Y., Harman, G.E. and Taylor, A.G. (1984). Evaluation of Trichoderma koningii and T.
harzianum from New York soils for biological control of seed rot caused by Pythium
spp. Phytopathology 74: 106-110.
Harman, G.E. and Taylor, A.G. (1988). Improved seedling performance by integration of
biological control agents at favorable pH levels with solid matrix priming.
Phytopathology 78: 520-525.
Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I. and Lorito, M. (2004). Trichoderma speciesopportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature Reviews 2: 43-56.
Howell, C.R. (2002). Cotton seedling preemergence damping-off incited by Rhizopus oryzae
and Pythium spp. and its biological control with Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology 92:
177–180. 
Kaldorf, M., Koch, B., Rexer, K.H., Kost, G., Varma, A. (2005). Patterns of interaction between  Populus  Esch5 and  Piriformospora in-dica: A transition from mutualism to
antagonism. Plant Biology 7(2): 210-218.
Kaefer, E. (1977). Meiotic and mitotic recombination in  Aspergillus and its chromosomal
aberrations. Advances Genet. 19: 33-131.
Khaosaad, T., Garcı–Garrido, J.M., Steinkellner, S. and Vierheili, H. (2007). Take-all disease is
systemically reduced in roots of mycorrhizal barley plants. Soil and Biochemistry 39:
727–734.
Kucuk, C. and Kivanc, M. (2004). In vitro antifungal activity of strains of  Trichoderma
harzianum. Turk J Biol. 28: 111-115.
Lee, S.K., Sohn, H.B., Kim, G.G. and Chung, Y.R. (2006).  Enhancement of biological control
of Botrytis cinerea on Cucumber by foliar sprays and bed potting mixes of Trichoderma
harzianum YC459 and its application on Tomato in the greenhouse. Plant Pathol. J.
22(3): 283-288.
Malla, R., Singh, A., Zeyaullah, M.D., Yadav, V., Verma, A., Varma, A. and Rai, M. (2002).
Piriformospora indica and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: an appraisal. In: Rao,
G.P.; Manoharachari, C.; Bhat, D.J.; Rajak, R.C. and Lakhanpal, T.N. eds. Frontiers of
Fungal Diversity in India (Prof. Kamal Festscrift). International Book Distributing Co.
Lucknow, India 401-419 pp.
Papavizas, G.C. (1985).  Trichoderma  and  Gliocladium: Biology, ecology, and potential for
biocontrol. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 23:23-54.
Pham, G.H., Singh, A.N., Malla, R., Kumari, R., Saxena, A.K., Rexer, K.H., Kost, G., Luis, P.,
Kaldorf, M., Buscot, F., Herrmann, S., Peskan, T., Oelmuller, R., Mittag, M., Declerck,
S., Hehl, S. and Varma, A. (2004). Interaction of  Piriformospora indica with diverse
microorganisms and plants. Varma A, Abbott L, Werner D and Hampp R (Eds) In: Plant
Surface Microbiology. Springer-Verlag, Germany 237-265 pp.
Rai, M. and Varma, A. (2002). Field performance of Withania somnifera dunal after inoculation
with three species of Glomus. Journal of Basic and Applied Mycology 1: 74-80.
Rai, M. and Varma, A. (2005). Arbuscular mycorrhiza-like biotechnological potential of
Piriformospora indica, which promotes the growth of Adhatoda vasica Nees. Electronic
Journal of Biotechnology, 8(1): 0717-3458.
Rai, M., Acharya, D., Singh, A. and Varma, A. (2001). Positive growth responses of the
medicinal plants Spilanthes calva  and  Withania somnifera  to inoculation by
Piriformospora indica in a field trial. Mycorrhiza 11: 123-128.
Schüepp, H. and Frei, E. (1969). Soil fungistasis with respect to pH and profile. Can. J.
Microbiol. 15:1273-1279.
Serfling, A., Wirsel, S.G.R., Lind, V. and Deising, H.B. (2007). Performance of the biocontrol
fungus  Piriformospora indica  on wheat under greenhouse and field conditions.
Phytopathology 97: 523-531.
Shahollari, B., Varma, A. and Oelmuller, R. (2005). Expression of a receptor kinase in
Arabidopsis roots is stimulated by the basidiomycete  Piriformospora indica and the
protein accumulates in Triton X-100 insoluble plasma membrane microdomains. J Plant
Physiol, Journal of Plant Physiology 162: 945-958.
Singh, A., Sharma, J., Rexer, K-H. and Varma, A. (2000a). Plant productivity determinants
beyond minerals, water and light: Piriformospora indica – A revolutionary plant growth
promoting fungus, Current Science 79: (11): 101-106.
Singh, An., Singh, Ar., Kumari, M., Rai, M.K., Varma, A., Kumar, S. and Sharma, A.P. (2003).
AMF-like-fungus:  Piriformospora indica  - a boon for plant industry.  In B.N. Prasad
(ed.), Biotechnology in Sustainable Biodiversity and Food Security. Science Publishers
Inc., Enfield, New Hampshire, USA: 101-124 pp.
Singh, R., Adholeya, A. and Mukerji, K.G. (2000b). Mycorrhiza in control of soil-borne
pathogens. In: Mukerji, K.G., Chamola, B.P., Singh, J (Eds.), Mycorrhizal Biology.
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers New York, USA: 173–196 pp.
Sivasithamparam, K. and Ghisalberti, E.L. (1998). in Trichoderma and Gliocladium Vol. 1 (eds
Kubicek, C. P. and Harman, G. E.): 139–191 (Taylor and Francis, London).
St-Arnaud, M. and Vujanovic, V. (2007). Effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on
plant diseases and pests. In: Hamel, C., Plenchette, C. (Eds.), Mycorrhizae in crop
production: applying knowledge. Haworth Press, Binghampton, NY, USA: 67-122 pp.
Varma, A., Rai, M.K. and Sudha, Sahay, N. (2000). Mi-crobial-biotechnology: New paradigms
and role in sustainable agriculture. Rajak RC (Ed) In: Microbial Biotechnology for
Sustainable Devel-opment and Productivity. Scientific Publishers (India): 22-37 pp.
Varma, A., Singh, A., Sudha, S., Sharma, J., Roy, A., Kumari, M., Rana, D., Thakran, S., Deka,
D., Bharti, K., Hurek, T., Blechert, O., Rexer, K.H., Kost, G., Hahn, A., Maier, W.,
Walter, M., Strack, D. and Kranner, I. (2001). Piriformospora indica-an axenically
culturable mycorrhizalike endosymbiotic fungus. In: HOCK, B. ed. Mycota IX. Springer,
Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: 123-150 pp.
Varma, A., Verma, S., Sudha, N., Sahay, S., Butehorn, B. and Franken, P. (1999).
Piriformospora indica, a cultivable plant growth promoting root endophyte. Applied and
Environmental Microbiology 65: 2741-2744.
Verma, S., Varma, A., Rexer, K. H., Kost, G., SarbhoY, A., Bisen, P., Butehorn, B. and
Franken, P. (1998).  Piriformospora indica,  gen. et sp. nov., a new root-colonizing
fungus. Mycologia 95: 896-903.
Walker, J. (1972). Type studies on Gaeumannomyces graminis  and related fungi. Trans. Br.
Mycol. Soc 58: 427-457.
Waller, F., Achatz, B., Baltruschat, H., Fodor, J., Becker, K., Fischer, M., Heier, T.,
Hückelhoven, R., Neumann, C., von Wettstein, D., Franken, P. and Kogel, K. H. (2005).
The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica reprograms barley to salt-stress tolerance,
disease resistance, and higher yield. PANS, 152: 13386-13391.
Warcup, J.H. and Talbot, P.H.B. (1967). Perfect states of Rhizoctonias associated with orchids.
New Phytol. 66: 631-641.
Yedidia, I., Benhamou, N. and Chet, I. (1999). Induction of defense responses in cucumber
plants (Cucumis sativus L.) by the biocontrol agent  Trichoderma harzianum. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 65: 1061-1070.
Zimand, G., Elad, Y. and Chet, I. (1996). Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on Botrytis cinerea
pathogenicity. Phytopathology 86: 1255–1260.
1. Fluckiger, Archiv of Pharm .B.191, P.196.
2.  Groves, Pha.Jour and Trans.1873-74, P.293.
3. Rep. Chem .Exam for Bengal, 1885.
4. Rajani, M and K. Pundarikakshudu (1996).A note on seasonal variation of alkaloids in Adhatoda vasica Nees.
International Journal of Pharmacognosy 34(4): 308-309. {a}Dep. Pharmacognosy, J.J. De Chane Lab. Pvt.
Ltd., Residency Road, Hyderabad 500 001, India.
5. Shah et. al., J. Ass Physicians India, 1965, 13, 845.
6. Chakeaborty A, Chowdhury BK, Bhattacharya P. Clausenol and Clausenine –two carbazole alkaloids from
Clausena anisata. Phytochemistry 1995; 40:295-8.
7. Herr Warneke. Berichte, XIX. 60.
8. Stajnow.Amer.Journ.Pharm., 1890, P 334.
9. Gibson. Pharmaceutical journal. xii., p.422.10. O.Fisher and E.Tacaber.Ber.d.Chem.Gesselsch.1885, 400-406.
11. Kapoor LD. CRC Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1990.
12. Archiv. der Pharmacie, Vol. XI .,p.19.
13. F.A.Ringer and E.Brooke. Amer.Jour.Pharm.1892.
14. Pharmacographia, 2
nd
 Ed., p.291
.
15. Shankaracharya NB, et al. Characterisation of chemical constituents of Indian long pepper (Piper longum L).
Journal of Food Science & Technology-Mysore 1997; 34:73-5.
16. Bai YF, Xu H. Protective action of piperine against experimental gastric ulcer. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica
2000; 21:357-59.
17. Sivarajan VV. Ayurvedic Drugs and their Plant Sources. Lebanon, New Hampshire: International Science
Publisher, 1994.
18. Chopra RN, Chopra IC. Handa KK and Kapur LD. lndigeneous Drugs of India, 2nd ED, M/S U. N. Dhar &Sons
Ltd. Calcutta,
19. J.M.Kohli, A. Zaman and A.R. Kidwai. Alkaloid of Sarcococca pruniformis. Phytochemistry 1971, Vol.10, pp.
442-445.
20. Watt, Dict. of Chem.viii.1807.
21. E.Schimdt and Schutte.Apoth.Zt.,1890,501.
22. Sen, R., D. C. Pal, et al. (1983). Traditional uses and ethnobotany of "Kuchila" (Strychnos nux vomica). Journal
of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 4(2): 575-578.
23. Warden. Ind.Med.Gaz., Oct.1880.
24. E.Jahns. Bericht, 18, 2518-2523.
25. Gopalakrishnan C, Shankaranarayan D, Kameswaran L, et al. Pharmacological investigations of tylophorine, the
major alkaloid of Tylophora indica. Indian J Med Res 1979; 69:513–20.
26. Thopra, R.K., S.G.Agarwal, et al. (1996). Two pyrroloquinazolines from Adhatoda vasica. Phytochemistry
Oxford 42(5): 1485-1488. {a} Regional Res. Lab., Jammu Tawi-India.
27. Ray S, Majumdar HK, Chakarvarty AK, et al. Amarogentin, a naturally occurring secoiridoid glycoside and a
newly recognized inhibitor of  topoisomerase 1 from Leishmania donovani. J.Nat Prod 1996; 59:27-9.
28. Trivedi NP, Rawal UM. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant property of Andrographis paniculata(Nees) in BHC
induced liver damage in mice. Indian J Exp Biol 200139   (1):41-46.
29. Rana AC, Avadhoot Y. Hepatoprotective effects of Andrographis paniculata against carbon tetra-chloride
induced liver damage. Arch Pharm Res 1991:14 (1):93-95.
30. Isnard. Journ. de Phar. et de Chim., Aug. 1
st
, 1886.
31. Saraswat B, Visen PK, Patnaik GK, Dhawan BN. (997) Protective effect of picroliv, active constituent ofPicrorhiza kurrooa, against oxytetracycline induced hepatic damage. ICMR Centre for Advanced
Pharmacological Research on Traditional Remedies, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India. Indian
J Exp Biol. Dec; 35(12): 1302-5.
32. Santra A, Das S, Maity A, Rao SB, Mazumder DN. (1998) Prevention of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic
injury in mice by Picrorhiza kurrooa. Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical
Education and Research, Calcutta. Indian J Gastroenterol. Jan; 17(1): 6-9.
33. Satya Prakash and Asif Zaman. Flavonoids of Tinospora malabarica. Phytochemistry, Vol.21 No.12, pp.2992-
2993, 1982.
34. Ramaswamy S, Vishwanathan S. Influence of gossypin on the development of acute tolerance to morphine
induced antinociception. Indian J Expt Biol 1997; 35:413-4.
35. Saxena AM, Murthy PS, Mukherjee SK. Mode of action of three structurally different hypoglycemic agents: a
comparative study. Indian J Exp Biol 1996; 34:406-9.
36. Arora, R.B.and Rangaswamy, S. (1972 A): Peruvoside and other cardiotonic glycosides, No.1:1-109, Thompson
Press (India) Ltd., New Delhi.
37. Antihyperglycemic effects of gymnemic acid IV, a compound derived from Gymnema sylvestre leaves in
streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Sugihara Y, Nojima H,
Matsuda H, Murakami T, Yoshikawa M, Kimura I. Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Toyama Medical and
Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Japan.
38. Uma Devi, F.E.Solmon and A.C. Sharda. Plumbagin, A Plant Napthoquinone with Antitumour and
Radimodifying Properties. Pharmaceutical Biology 1999, Vol.37, No.3, pp. 231-236.
39. Arora, R.B. et al. (1971) Anti-inflammatory studies on Curcuma longa, L. Indian J.Med. Res. 59, 1289.
40. Majeed,M. et al.(1995) Curcuminoids : Antioxidant Phytonutrients. NutriScience Publishers Inc., Piscataway,
New Jersy.
41. Mukundan, MA. et al. (1992).Effect of turmeric and curcumin on BP-DNA adducts, Carcinogensis 14,493.
42. Goel RK, Maiti RN, Manickam M, Ray AB. Antiulcer activity of naturally occurring pyrano-coumarin and isocoumarins and their effect on prostanoid synthesis using human colonic mucosa. Indian J Exp Biol 1997;
35:1080-3.
43. Safayhi I, Mack T, Sabieraj J, Anazodo M I, Subramaniam L R, Ammon HPT. Boswellic acids: novel, specific,
non redox inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase.J.Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992, 261: 1143-1146.
44. Gupta I, Gupta V, Parihar A, Gupta S, Ludtke R, Safayhi H, Ammon HPT. Effects of Boswellia serrata gum
resin in patients with bronchial asthma: Results of a double-blind, placebo–controlled, 6 week study. Eur J
Med Rs 1998; 3: 511-514.
45. Sharma ML, Kaul A, Khajuria A, et al. Immunomodulatory activity of Boswellic acids (Pentacyclic Triterpene
Acids) from Boswellia serrata. Phytotherapy Res 1996; 10:107-112.
46. Satyavati, GV (1991) Guggulipid: A promising hypolipidemic form gum guggul (Commiphora wightii).
Economic and Traditional Medicine, 47-80.
47.  Duwiejua M, Zeitlin I J, Waterman P. G, Chapman J, Mhango GJ and Proven G J. Anti-inflammatory Activity
of Resins form some Species of the Plant Family Burseraceae. Planta Medica. 59 (1):12-6, 1999 Feb.48. Bonte F et al. Influence of asiatic acid, madecassic acid, and asiaticoside on human collagen I synthesis. Planta
medica, 1994, 60:133–135.
49. Mukherjee GD, Dey CD. Clinical trial on Brahmi. I. Journal of Experimental Medical Sciences 1966; 10:5-11.
50. Bhattacharya SK, Ghosal S. Anxiolytic activity of a standardized extract of Bacopa monniera - an experimental
study. Phytomedicine 1998; 5: 77-82.
51. Stough C, Lloyd J, Clarke J, Downey LA, Hutchison CW, Rodgers T, Nathan PJ. The chronic effects of an
extract of Bacopa monniera on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Neuropsychology Laboratory,
School of Biophysical Science and Electrical Engineering, Victoria, Australia.
52. Dar A, Channa S. Calcium antagonistic activity of Bacopa monniera on vascular and intestinal smooth muscles
of rabbit and guinea pig. Pharmacology Section, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi,
Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol 1999 Aug; 66(2): 167-74.
53. SK, Bhattacharya A, Kumar A, Ghosal S. Antioxidant activity of Bacopa monniera in rat frontal cortex, striatum
and hippocampus. Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi - 221005, India. Phytother Res 2000 May; 14(3): 174-9.
54. M.B.Gupta; R.Nath; N. Srivastava; K.Shanker; K Kishor and K.P.Bhargava. Anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic
activities of ß-sitosterol. Planta Medica, Vol.39, pp.157-163, 1980.
55. Asthana, R and Raina, M.K., (1989). Pharmacology of Withania somnifera-A review. Ind .Drugs; 26; 1-7.
56. Subhir, S et al., Pharmacological investigation on the leaves of Withania somnifera. Ind. J. Pharmacol; 17: 4-52.
57. Rajkapoor B; Jayakar B; Anadan R. Antitumor activity of Elephantpous scaber linn against dalton’s ascitis
lymphoma. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.2002 Jan-Feb; 64(1): 71-3.
58. Gupta PP, Kulshrestha DK, Patnaik GK. Antiallergic activity of Cedrus deodara. J.Med Aromatic Plant Sci 1997;
19:1007-8.
59. Amatya G. Sthapit VM. A note on Nardostachys jatamansi. Journal of Herbs,Spices and Medicinal Plants.1994,
2: 2, 39-47.
60. Kumar D, Mishra SK, Tandan SK, Tripathi HC. Possible mechanism of antihelmintic action of palasonin on
Ascaridia galli. Indian J Pharmacol 1995; 27: 161-8.
61. Syed SD, Deepak M, Yogisha S, Chandrashekar AP, Muddarachappa KA, D’Souza P, Agarwal A,
Venkataraman BV. Trypsin inhibitory effect of wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone. Phytother Res.
2003 Apr; 17 (4): 420-1.
  1. Singh HK, Dhawan BN. Neuropsychopharmacological effects of the Ayurvedic nootropic Bacopa monniera Linn. (Brahmi). Indian J Pharmacol 1997;29(5):S359-65.
  2. Rastogi S, Pal R, Kulshreshtha DK. Bacoside A3 - a triterpenoid saponin fromBacopa monniera. Phytochemistry 1994 May;36(1):133-7.
  3. Sekar P. Vedic clues to memory enhancer. The Hindu, March 21, 1996.
  4. Jain SK. Ethnobotany and research on medicinal plants in India. Ciba Found Symp1994;185:153-64; discussion 164-8.
  5. Ganguly DK, Malhotra CL. Neuropharmacological effects of an active fraction fromHerpestis monniera. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1967;11:33.
  6. Ganguly DK, Malhotra CL. Some behavioural effects of an active fraction fromHerpestis monniera Linn. (Brahmi). Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1969 Jul;13(3):163-7.
  7. Singh HK, Dhawan BN. Effect of Bacopa monniera Linn. (brahmi) extract on avoidance responses in rat. J Ethnopharmacol 1982 Mar;5(2):205-14.
  8. Singh HK, Rastogi RP, Srimal RC, Dhawan BN. Effect of bacosides A and B on avoidance responses in rats. Phytother Res 1988;2(2):70-5.
  9. Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India. NLAC-Newsletter, Spring 1996.
  10. Singh RH, Singh L. Studies on the anti-anxiety effect of the medyha rasayana drug, Brahmi (Bacopa monniera Wettst). Part 1. J Res Ayur Siddha 1980;1:133-48.
  11. Tripathi YB, Chaurasia S, Tripathi E, Upadhyay A, Dubey GP. Bacopa monnieraLinn. as an antioxidant: mechanism of action. Indian J Exp Biol 1996 Jun;34(6):523-6.
  12. Mishra M. Memory Plus works, claim clinical studies. The Times of India, March 29, 1998.
  13. Report of nitric oxide production by Bacopa monniera as tested in Dr. Robert F. Furchgott's laboratory, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, October 1998.
  14. Miglani S. For Gujral, memories are made of this . . . . Asian Times, April 22, 1997.
  15. Geary J. Should we say no to smart drugs? Time, May 5, 1997.
  16. Kidd PM. A review of nutrients and botanicals in the integrative management of cognitive dysfunction. Altern Med Rev 1999 Jun;4(3):144-61.
  17. Mahdihassan S, Mehdi FS. Soma of the Rigveda and an attempt to identify it. Am J Chin Med 1989;17(1-2):1-8.
  18. Sharma R, Chaturvedi C, Tewari PV. Efficacy of Bacopa monierra in revitalizing intellectual functions in children. J Rees Edu Ind Med 1987:1-12.
  19. Mayes LC. Exploring internal and external worlds. Reflections on being curious.Psychoanal Study Child 1991;46:3-36.
  20. Conroy S, Choonara I, Impicciatore P, Mohn A, Arnell H, Rane A, Knoeppel C, Seyberth H, Pandolfini C, Raffaelli MP, Rocchi F, Bonati M, Jong G, de Hoog M, van Den Anker J, Survey of unlicensed and off label drug use in paediatric wards in European countries. BMJ 2000 Jan 8;320(7227):79-82.
  21. Kaur BR, Adhiraj J, Pandit PR, Ajita R, Vijay M, Shanta D, Hemangeeni D, Sudha M, Kamble G. Effect of an Ayurvedic formulation on attention, concentration and memory in normal school-going children. Indian Drugs 1998;35(4):200-3.
  22. Shukia B, Khanna NK, Godhwani JL. Effect of Brahmi Rasayan on the central nervous system. J Ethnopharmacol 1987;21(1):65-74. Yadav SK, Jain AK, Tripathi SN, Gupta JP. Irritable bowel syndrome: therapeutic evaluation of indigenous drugs.Indian J Med Res 1989 Dec;90:496-503.

(Contd.)


Comments

Popular posts from this blog

कैंसर में कामराज, भोजराज और तेजराज, Paclitaxel के साथ प्रयोग करने से आयें बाज

भटवास का प्रयोग - किडनी के रोगों (Diseases of Kidneys) की पारम्परिक चिकित्सा (Traditional Healing)

गुलसकरी के साथ प्रयोग की जाने वाली अमरकंटक की जड़ी-बूटियाँ:कुछ उपयोगी कड़ियाँ